Nifuzaga kwandika ingingo yerekeye ireme ry'imijyi igezweho ijyanye n'ubwiza bw'umwami ndetse n'ubwumba, ariko rero mbona filime ku buvumbuzi, bwerekanaga uburyo Abanyamerika batwarwa ahantu ho gushyira amazu yabo y'imbaho.
Inkuru yo kugenda kw'inyubako z'amabuye nazo zari zikubiye muri firime imwe, atari muri Amerika gusa, ahubwo ni ku isi yose. Kandi hano amakuru yakabye ibijyanye n'icyo, bihinduka muri SSSR, ndetse no munsi ya Stalin, i Moscou, hamwe n'abayituye ibihumbi byinshi, kandi ko ikintu gitangaje ari uko abahatuye ari uko abahatuye ari uko abahatuye ari uko abahatuye ari uko abahatuye ari uko abahatuye ari uko abahatuye ari uko abahatuye ari uko abahatuye ari uko abahatuye ari uko abahatuye ari uko abahatuye ari uko abahatuye ari uko abahatuye ubwabo ntibigeze bumva ko inzu yabo igenda.
Gushakisha amakuru arambuye, njye, bidasanzwe, mbere ya byose byahuye nibikoresho byihariye, ahubwo byahuye nigisigo cyabangarwandakazi wa sovities Agnia Barto yiswe "Inzu":
Iki gisigo cyanditswe, cyitwa, ku nzira zishyushye, mu 1938.
Mugihe usoma byinshi muburyo burambuye hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenda inyubako muri iyo myaka, natangajwe no gupima, aho bigoye no mubihe byakazi byacu. Nta mudasobwa iyo ari yo yose, nta sisitemu ya satelite yukuri, nta ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, abantu bacungwaga, kuko uyu munsi, ntabwo ari injeniyeri azajyana. Kandi icyarimwe, hamwe nikibazo kimwe, ntabwo ari impanuka imwe, ntabwo ari ibintu byihutirwa, ntabwo byabayeho mugihe wimura inyubako!
Ahari ibi byerekana urwego rwo hejuru rwiterambere ryibitekerezo bishya bya SEVIETI NSHYA, ninde waje aho kuba Ikirusiya cya kera, cyarengeje imyaka 20, mu 1917, mugihe ibara ryose ryumutungo wa kera wu Burusiya wirukanwe mugihugu, cyangwa byangiritse na gato?
Muri rusange, igitekerezo cyo kwimura inyubako intera ndende ntabwo ari shyashya. Inyubako zimuwe ahantu hamwe mu gihe hagati, nubwo atari kenshi, mubyukuri, hashyizweho imanza ebyiri. Mu Burusiya, inzu ya mbere yimuwe mu 1812, ariko nyuma habaye itorero ry'imbaho, byongeye kandi, uru rubanza rwari umwe.
Iterambere ry'umuyaga cyane muri iki cyerekezo ryatangiriye muri Amerika hakiri 1970 mu myaka ya za 1970, hashyizweho nomero idasanzwe, nyuma yuko umubare w'amasosiyete asa nayo yariyongereye. Ariko Abanyamerika yashoboye Himura ibuye nyubako gusa metero bake, naho inyubako guturamo bari hafi inyubako nta guturamo (si mu biti!) - matorero gusa, ibigo bya leta, amaduka n'izindi nyubako y'ubucuruzi yimuriwe. Byongeye kandi, mbere yuko imirimo yo gutangira kuva mu nyubako, abantu bose bakuweho, erega, baramutse batasohotse.
Kandi muri Gysr gusa, munsi ya Stalin, kugenda kw'inyubako zo guturamo hejuru, hamwe n'abakodesha zabo bose, kandi abo bakodesha bose, kandi ibyo bakodesha bose ntibakekaga no ikintu cyose. Ikigaragara ni uko amatariki yo kugenda atabimenyeshwa, kandi kugenda kw'ikigo cy'ubwubatsi byakozwe nijoro buri wese asinziriye. Muri icyo gihe ntaho byahuje itumanaho - umucyo watwitse mu nyubako, amazi yatembaga mu crane n'imyanda yakoraga. Itumanaho ryose ryahujwe rikoresha amahuza by'agateganyo, bityo, imiyoboro y'amazi n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi byarangejwe n'amashanyarazi, kandi n'amashanyarazi byari byoroshye cyane.
Mu gitondo, abantu barabyuka, bateranira ku kazi babona ahantu hatandukanye rwose mu idirishya! Benshi muribo, nubwo bari bazi ko inzu izagenda, ariko ntiyiteguye kubona ibisubizo byiza, umuntu yatekereje ko ari umusazi, umuntu ndetse yahamagaye abapolisi mu bwoba. Kandi biratangaje! Nigute nshobora gutwara inzu kugirango nigituba mu kirahure kitanyerera? Kandi urubanza nk'urwo rwabaye - amasomo imwe yarakoze ku biro bye, ahora banywa icyayi, kandi mu gitondo, barogereza umucyo bareba mu idirishya, ninone nanone nungeye kubona. Nibyo, yaratatanye kandi yibagiwe ko amahugurwa amwe akozwe hamwe ninzu ye.
Niyihe gahunda yo kugenda kwinyubako zo guturamo?
Ikigaragara ni uko mu 1935 hashyizweho gahunda yo gucungura ikigo cyabasirikare cyemejwe. Mubisanzwe muri uru rubanza, amazu menshi arasenywa, ariko ikibazo nuko inyinshi mu nyubako zamubangamiye mu mateka ntizirimbutse. Nibyiza, imyitozo yisi yose yatanzwe ku bwicanyi bwinyubako, ihererekanyabubasha rya "Ibice" byose ahandi n'iteraniro ryakurikiyeho. Ariko, ubu buryo bwahenze cyane kandi burebure, kandi ntiyigeze ahuza ubuyobozi bwa Bolshevik. Hifashishijwe inzobere mu mahanga, kubara, byerekanaga ko ururwa rw'inyuguti zikomeye rugomba gukorwa ku kazi rimwe na rimwe, ariko nta n'umwe muri abo bahanga wafashe inshingano zo kwimukira mu rugo kirenga 5, ntarengwa Metero 10. Cyane cyane ko Abanyamerika ndetse no mu myaka yabo maze batigeze bakomeza inyubako bapima toni ibihumbi 10-11, igihe bamwe bo mu rugo baguye muri gahunda "kugenda" bapima ibihumbi 20.
Ariko gahunda ya staliniste yo kwimura inyubako yari ndende cyane kuruta ibishoboka byabanyamerika. Inyubako zasabwaga kwimuka ku ya 10, ariko kuri metero nyinshi ndetse n'amajana, kandi bamwe muri bo bagombaga guhindukira mu biguru byabo, ndetse bamwe muri bo barushaho guhindukirira umurongo wabo, ndetse bamwe muri bo barushaho guhindukirira umurongo wabo, ndetse bamwe muri bo rero bagomba kuzenguruka ahantu hashya hagera kuri metero 2 z'uburebure. Kandi kubera ko Abanyamerika badashaka guhura nazo, abakozi ba sovieti bakururwa. Injeniyeri nyamukuru wa porogaramu yose yari inzobere mu mwaka wa 33 w'imyaka minini ya Soviet Metrostro-e. M. Handel. Muri icyo gihe, iyubakwa rya metero yakozwe muri SSSR, kandi abakozi bireba bagaragara, bafite uburambe mu kubaka itumanaho ryo mu mutaka, kandi ni bwo butumwa bushya bwari ku rutugu. Cyane cyane ko kwimura urubanza rwinyubako nto bimaze gukorwa mumyaka ibiri mbere, kandi hateguwe ikoranabuhanga rikwiye, ritandukanijwe nu Rwanda n'Uburayi.
Yakomeje hano.
Ubutumwa nkuko Stalin yimuye inzu i Moscou kuri metero amagana. Igice cya mbere cyagaragaye mbere kuri Arkady ilhukhin.