Ibisasu bya mbere mu kwangiza umwanzi wa Moscou byagabanutse mu ijoro ryo ku ya 22 Nyakanga 1941.
Hamwe n'indege ya mbere yo mu biba by'Abadage, abantu 792 barakomeretse, 130 muri bo barapfuye, ariko gutakaza birashobora kuba nini cyane. Ku buryo ubwunganizi bw'umupaka wo mu kirere wateguwe mu gihe cy'intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, mu buryo bw'ingoro z'ingoro z'igihugu cya Moscore zivuga ku buryo burambuye.
Igitero cy'ikirere
Ubuyobozi, bwariyemeje imirimo y'indege i Moscou, Hitler yasinyanye ku ya 19 Nyakanga. Uhereye mu Bubiligi n'Ubufaransa, abarenga babarirwa mu magana bongeye kubazwa. Igitero cya mbere cyatangiye ku ya 21 Nyakanga saa 20.00 i Moscou, igihe indege y'umwanzi 195 yafashe inzira y'umujyi. Intego nyamukuru za Fashiste nizo za kremlin, sitasiyo, ibikoresho biyagajuru n'indege.
Inyandiko za Serivisi ishinzwe kugenzura ikirere, kumenyesha no gutumanaho (amagambo yatangijwe) yavumbuye umwanzi igihe Armada yarenze umurongo Roslavl - Smolensk. Mbere yo gusohora indege mu bahanganye ku gace k'ibisasu hari isaha n'igice. Nagereranya na Coarse, kimwe cya kabiri cyinyukingo ziguruka noneho zishobora gukora umurimo. Indege y'Ubudage yagabanije toni 104 z'ibisasu cya fugasic ndetse no kurenga ku matara arenga 4.6.000 ", bituma imyaka 1166.
Amasaha atanu nigice cyabakozi ba mbere, abakoresha barwanya indege basohoye ibipimo ibihumbi 30 na karito yimyaka 130 ku mwanzi. Umuyobozi w'Abasoviyeti watangaje ko ari ingwate 22 z'Ubudage. Umuhanga wo muhanganye kandi yagereranije igihombo cye cyoroheje - mumodoka 6-7. Moscou yagaragaje ibiremwa binini bya Luftwaffe nijoro ebyiri zikurikira.
Kubitsa, "sneakers" na violas
Muri Moscou ya Gisirikare, igitosho cyakurikiwe no kumenya umwanzi - Serivisi ishinzwe kugenzura ikirere, imenyesha n'itumanaho. Abanzi ba mbere bahuye na sitasiyo icyenda zacapwe - "Indege ifata Radiyo" Rus-1 na Rus-1, yari mu ruziga ku kiba ku mujyi ugera kuri 300 uvuye mu mujyi. Izi nizo zambere zabasoviyeti ndende. Gusa yinjiye mu Burusiya ku Rus-1 mu 1940 yakomeje intego kuri km 60-85 gusa. Rus-2 yagennye intera, icyerekezo cyindege hamwe numuvuduko wihuta muri radiyo ya km 100.
Muri Radiyo ya KM 250 no hafi ya Moscou, inyandiko magana arindwi yatangijwe kwitegereza. Bafite ibijyanye na mobile ivuranganya hamwe n'imisozi izemye, itwikiriwe na tarilom zerekeza mu kirere. Kuri buri pie wasubije acoustic, cyangwa, nkuko na yo yiswe kandi, ubugenzuzi, yumvise umwanya ukoresheje ibikoresho byongewe amajwi. Abantu bafite iburanisha bukabije bajyanwa kumyanya: akenshi ni abacuranzi, rimwe na rimwe bamugaye iyerekwa ndetse impumyi rwose. Ubugenzuzi bushobora gukuramo indege kuri km 5 - 15, nijoro kwishyiriraho byahujwe nibitekerezo, bikora "vozhzvuk".
Sitasiyo yari igice cyingenzi muri sisitemu yo kwirwanaho ikirere cya metropolitan, kuko intambara ya kabiri yisi yose yari imyitozo yo gutera ibisasu. Kugera kuri 75 ku ijana by'ibisasu byose bya Moscou, uwo bahanganye yakozwe nijoro. Umwijima watumye habaho ibikorwa byo kwirwanaho ikirere, byatunganije umurimo wabashinzwe kuzimya umuriro kandi wagize uruhare mubyagaragaye ubwoba. Mu ntangiriro z'ibitero mu karere ka metropolitan hari ibirenze 600. Urutonde rwindege rwindege mu kibero cyo gushakisha kuva kuri 3 kugeza kuri 20 km.
Inzitizi za aerostats
Ikindi kimenyetso cya Moscow Cress Ikimenyetso cyari ballogeneye (az), yabujije igisasu cyo kureba. Ku ya 21 Nyakanga, 124 AZ Inyandiko zakoraga mu mujyi, kandi mu mpera za 1941 umubare wabo wongereye ugera kuri 303. Aerostats yuzuye hyrogène. Sitasiyo ya lisayi yari i DolGupyn, na gaze yo kuzenguruka umujyi yarokotse nk'indabyo bishoboka - n'amaguru muri gaze yoroshye. Kubera isano yabo yo hanze, yakunze kwitiranya gakomeye na ballon, yita yitonze abo nabandi "sausa".
Umugozi uremereye ugabanya uburebure bwa kuzamura Aerostat. Ingaragu ntabwo yazamutse hejuru ya km 3. Tandem ni imwe hagati yinsinga, iya kabiri hejuru - yageze kuri km 4.5. Hejuru ya "indabyo" za gatatu AZ Rose kugeza kuri 9 Km, ariko bundle nkiyi ntabwo yari ikoreshejwe kubera ko bigoye.
Mu musoro wa mbere, bombarder imwe yafashe umupira wa ballon, ariko, arayimena, yashoboye kugenda. Abahita bica ku mwanzi kugongana na AZ byabaye ku ya 11 Kanama 1941, igihe bo mu kidage cyo hagati ya Kanama-111 yazimiye ku nkombe zabuze ibaba kandi basenyuka mu ruzi mu rwego rwa Karamyshevs.
Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1941, umurwa mukuru wari muburyo busanzwe bigize ikibazo hamwe na Serija Dmitry Dmitry Gigure. Kugerageza kubika ballon yavunitse, Dmitry yaramuhagurukiye mu kirere. Gukomera umugozi, uwahoze ari Metrostroevet yageze kuri varize umutekano kugirango gaze. Mugihe uburebure bwindege bwatangiye kuva m 600 kugeza kuri km 1. Mu kurangiza, Serija yakonje yaguye hamwe na ballon 110 km ku mwanya we. Ku bw'iburengerazuba, yahawe igihembo cya banner itukura.
Urubyaro rwa sunkin na "Stalin's"
Kuri Beet ya mbere ya Luftwaffe, ikirere cya Moscou cyarinzwe n'imbunda zigera kuri 800 (85 na 76), imbunda zigera kuri 250 (37 na 25) na 336 quadrable ibihingwa byo kurwanya anti-antim hamwe na mashini imbunda. Ibiyobyabwenge birwanya indege ndetse byazamuye hejuru yinyubako.
Kugereranya icyo gihe Serivisi ishinzwe indege i Moscou na London, umunyamakuru w'ikinyamakuru "The School" yashyizweho ikimenyetso: "Umuriro wa Barrage utangaje:" Umuriro wa Barrage ufite ibitekerezo bitangaje: "Shrapnel yo mu ndege zirwanya indege zateye imbere mu mihanda, neza. Abakinnyi benshi bamuritse ikirere. I Londres, ntabwo nabonaga cyangwa ngo numve ikintu nk'icyo. " Muri rusange, mu gihe cy'intambara n'umuriro wa bateri ya anti-indege, ingabo z'indege za Moscou zarashwe zigera ku nzego 230 zihanganye.
Ukuri kwakoreshejwe: Sergey Klimbenko yari umwe mubashinzwe ikirere cya Moscou - Umusizi ukomeye wu Burusiya wa Alexander Cushkin. Yahuye n'intambara n'umuyobozi utandukanya na bateri ya anti-indege, yari ihagaze ahateganye n'ikinamico y'ingabo zitukura ku kibanza cya komini (ubu imaze Surchav). Kuri iyi nyandiko, ukomoka kumusizi munini, hamwe na bagenzi be, bagumyeho imyaka ibiri.
Mu ntangiriro z'intambara, indege ya Moscou ingabo z'indege za Moscou yari igizwe n'abarwanyi bagera kuri 500. Uwa mbere washoboye gukomanga uwo bahanganye harimo Liyetona Stepan Goshya: 2 Nyakanga, yahinduye indege ye ya Yak-1 yumwanzi, nyuma yaho yatangije amahoro. Nyuma y'ukwezi kumwe, ku ya 7 Kanama, umwe mu wa mbere mu mateka ya Taranov yakoraga umuhanga muri junior Viktor Talalikhin. Umurwanyi we I-16, aho ni intwari izaza ya Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti yakoze feri, moteri zishakisha zabonetse mu ishyamba hafi ya Moscou gusa muri 2014.
Umujyi wumwijima
Gukuraho ingaruka z'ibisasu, sisitemu y'ingabo z'indege zashyizweho (MPVO). Umubare we wose wageze kubantu 650, bitatu bya kane ni abagore. Nta kigo na kimwe cyari gihari, ikigo, ikigo cy'uburezi cyangwa inyubako yo guturamo, aho nta kwitanga kwabarwanyi barwana.
Tegeka No 1 kuri Moscou Mpvo nikarere ka Moscou yo ku ya 22 Kamena 1941 cyatangaje ko "umwanya ubangamiwe". Umucyo wuzuye watangijwe: yazimye kumurika kumuhanda no kwamamaza urumuri, Windows yose yahinduwe. Impinga irakomeje kugeza intambara irangiye, amatara yo kumuhanda wa kanouflage yafunguye gusa mu rugendo rwo 1942, ubwo imyenda yaba yarashoboye guhagarara.
Byongeye kandi, moscou nyinshi muri kiriya gihe yakomeje kwibeshya, bityo urugamba rwo kurwanya umuriro ni ngombwa. Amakipe yumuriro kubushake kugirango afashe abakozi bakomoka mu kurinda umuriro, byari bigizwe n'abantu bagera ku bihumbi bagera kuri 205 batwara ku ngiraruka ku isaha ndetse no mu gisasu. Mu gihe cy'intambara, baterwaga ibisasu birenga ibihumbi 40 bikavaho hashyirwaho igihumbi 2.
Ibisubizo by'ijoro
Kuva muri Nyakanga 1941 kugeza muri Mata 1942, umwanzi yakoze igitero kigera kuri 9 muri zone ya Moscou. Indege zitari munsi ya 350 zagaragaye mu murwa mukuru. Igihumbi cy'ibihumbi 1.6 n'ibisasu 110 ibisasu byasubiwe mu mujyi, Abamiscovite ibihumbi 2.2 baguye munsi y'ibisasu, ibihumbi 5.5 barakomeretse.
Sergey Aveniyanov Musetor Musetor Museum Doumum. "Inyenyeri itukura"