Raporo yibumoso ivugwa ku gice cy'ishuri ry'igihugu cy'ubumenyi, Ubwubatsi n'imiti (nasem). Gukoporora byacapwe bigura amadorari 45 (hafi ya 3300), na dosiye ya PDF yubusa irashobora gukururwa nyuma yo kwiyandikisha. Mubitabo, infutizi ziyobora roketi hamwe ninganda zuruzitizi ziyobora ibitekerezo byabo byemewe kubibazo bibiri byingenzi: motine ya rochal.
Ibyo bikorwa byombi muburyo bumwe cyangwa ubundi byarakozwe ndetse no kubyuka "mu cyuma", ariko kubikorwa bya Martiliya ntibihagije. Ibuka, indege yigihugu yubushakashatsi numwanya wumwanya (NASA) irateganya guha abantu umubumbe utukura hafi 2039. Ibi bizategura indege itwaye neza bya Mars cyangwa umugenzi we fobo muri 2033. Bigaragara ko igihe gihohoterwa, ariko, abahanga bemeza ko niba udafashe ingamba, ugomba kuguruka kuri misile zimiti hanyuma uhagarike cyane gahunda ya mision. Raporo yose yashyizwe ku gitekerezo kimwe: Hatabayeho kwiyongera mu rwego rwo gutera inkunga no "gukara", abakiranya kirimbuzi ntibazafasha abakoloni ba Mars.
Turashobora gutekereza ko NASA hamwe nishami ryabanyamerika baherekeza bongeye kugerageza gutanga amanota abanyapolitiki nabaturage kwagura inkunga. Ku rugero runaka, niko, ariko, kurundi ruhande, ibyifuzo byose birashimangiwe. Niba udasobanutse ukurikije, "Bakeneye amafaranga menshi", hari ibitekerezo byinshi byingirakamaro kandi bifatika muri raporo. Birashimishije cyane gusoma igitekerezo cyinzobere mu mahanga z'inzobere mu bihugu bya roketi n'urwego rw'inganda zirwanya amateka y'imyaka myinshi ya Epic hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikirenga cya kirimbuzi mu Burusiya. Muri raporo rero hariho ingorane nyinshi zingenzi mugutezimbere buri cyerekezo.
Ubushyuhe bwa roketi ya rokeya (yard)
Duhereye ku buryo bworoshye, igishushanyo cya NTP numuyobozi utagabanijwe muburyo bwa tekinoroji ya kirimbuzi. Mubyukuri, ni moteri isanzwe ya roketi yubushyuhe aho umubiri wakazi (mubisanzwe hydrogen) utishyuwe nigikorwa cya okiside, no gutemba unyuze mukarere gakora katotor ya atome. Igishushanyo cyo kwishyiriraho byose ni icyambere: gaze kuva muri tank igwa ku iteraniro rya lisansi, ashyushya kandi iraguka, hanyuma hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi urangira. Ibibanza nkibi byatsinze bigeragejwe mu kinyejana gishize, kandi bamwe bari biteguye gukora. Ariko ntiyigeze azenguruka.
Gukora imbuga nini, umutekano kandi iramba, ugomba gukemura ikibazo kimwe cyonyine. Cyangwa ahubwo, guhimba ibintu nkibi bizaba kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukenewe muri zone ikora. Nkingingo, imikorere ya moteri niyo ntarengwa mugihe hydrogen yashyutswe kugeza kuri dogere 2700 Kelvin. Ukurikije igishushanyo, agaciro gatandukanye hagati ya 2.5 na bitatu. Kandi muriki cyerekezo cyibikoresho, kugeza ubu kugeza ubu: haba iterambere ryubushakashatsi, cyangwa kunanirwa kwikizamini.
Ikimenyetso cyinyongera cyongerera ikibazo cyibizamini bya moteri - ku gikari kimaze kuba kure y'isi yo mu kirere cya 1960, imyuka y'ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bya radiyo mu kirere, abaturage ntibazababara ahantu hose. Kandi rero hamwe nigihagararo bizagomba kuzana ikintu cyo gukora ibizamini mumwanya.
Hanyuma, hasigaye ikibazo cyo kubika hydrogen murugendo kuri Mars ninyuma. Iyi gaze muri leta ya leta ikwirakwiza ibikoresho byinshi kandi izasiga tank binyuze muri micropores mubikoresho byo mu rukuta, ndetse no guhinga vuba.
Reaction kuri moteri ya roketi
Mubyukuri, NEP (uruhande rwa kirimbuzi rwa kirimbuzi) ni icyerekezo rwose nicyerekezo abashoramari "Roskosmo". Umuyoboro wa kirimbuzi, nko mu isi, gusa bitanga ingufu, kandi bimaze gutwarwa moteri nziza ya roketi ifatika (EDD). Nibyo, muriyi miterere, gusunika bizasekeje, ariko birashobora gushyigikirwa byibuze inzira zose - umubiri wakazi umara bike cyane. Icyifuzo cyihariye, igipimo nyamukuru cyibikorwa bya moteri yindege, erd yageze gusa kuruta imiti "abo dukorana".
Hamwe nabavugizi kwa kirimbuzi mumwanya biracyagoye. Abashakashatsi ba Nasa n'Abarusiya bafite uburambe mu iterambere no gukoresha ibihingwa nk'ibi muri orbit. Ariko ku rugendo rw'ibihugu, imbaraga zabo zizakenera kuzamura ibicuruzwa bibiri byubunini - kuva mubice cyangwa imirongo mibi ya megawatt. Kandi ibi ni ingorane nshya rwose hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha, kubungabunga umutekano no guhindura imbaraga zumuriro mumashanyarazi.
Inzu nto muri raporo ni ikibazo cya "bitagaragara", ni ukuvuga, abazagaburira ibirindiro ku kwezi cyangwa mars, niba imirasire y'izuba idahagije. Nibyiza, cyangwa kubijyanye nimbaraga zikenewe, Abafata amashusho bafotora ntibashoboka kugenda kubera ibipimo binini cyane. Iki cyerekezo kizwi nkibyingenzi kubwimpamvu eshatu. Ubwa mbere, umushinga wa kilo wamaze kwerekana imikorere yacyo, ushobora gupimwa. Iyi ni reactor ya kirimbuzi hamwe na moteri ishishikaje ifite imbaraga z'amashanyarazi zigera kuri 10 kilowatt. Icya kabiri, ibyo bikenerwa nkibi birakenewe kuri gahunda yukwezi "Artemis", izagenda mbere. Nibyiza, kandi, icya gatatu, kora kuri "ubuso" bwamamajwe mu buryo butaziguye na Nep, kubera ko bishobora guhuzwa muburyo bwinshi.
Impamvu Zibuza
Nibyo, ukurikije inzobere muri Amerika, amashanyarazi ya kirimbuzi - niba adakenewe, noneho ikintu cyifuzwa cyane mumibereho ya Malionian. Kandi ingingo zishyigikira iyi ngingo zirakomeye cyane. Nibura muri astronauths ntabwo bagomba gukorerwa dosiye nyinshi yimirasire ya cosmic igice cyumwaka: Urupapuro rwa Atome rushobora kugera kuri Mars kuri kimwe nigice cyangwa amezi abiri. Kandi ibi bigabanya igihe cyindege yose subira hejuru kurenza urugero cyangwa gutanga umwanya munini wo gukora hejuru yumubumbe utukura.
Ariko hariho amakosa adashimishije cyane kubera uburambe. Umuyobozi mugukoresha abakiranya kiri kuri kirimbuzi mumwanya barashobora gufatwa nkubumwe bwa Soviet. Ufite kandi ukuri rwose ukurikije ibintu biteye akaga hamwe na satelite yari ifite umubare munini wibikoresho bya radio.
Kubera imikorere mibi nibikoresho bya Usss, nubwo bidafite ishingiro, ariko biracyatera ibirashi bya Uranium-235 Amajyaruguru-Amajyaruguru-Uburengerazuba bwa Kanasi hamwe nizinga rya Ascensio. Kandi bamwe hafi yisi cyangwa ibirometero biri hagati ya 760 na 860 mumyaka magana yose ntizitifuzwa kugirango bakire ibisame byose bivuye muri cosmos-1818 diamter ya diameter ya milimetero zigera kuri 30.
Biroroshye kumva impamvu iterambere ryose muri kano karere rigenda buhoro - zikoreshwa cyane nibisabwa mumutekano ugereranije no muri roketi nurwego. Kandi nubwo amakuru yose ya kilikiya agaragaza kwizerwa kwindege za kiriba mu ndege za kure, ntabwo ari byiza ko bazakoreshwa cyane. Muri societe ya none, imyifatire irwanya anti-rasish irakomeye cyane, kugirango igitekerezo cyo gushyira imbaraga nkizo kuri roketi ni abantu bake.
Inkomoko: Ubumenyi bwambaye ubusa