Muri 2020, ingufu zituruka mu masoko ashobora kongerwa mu Burayi bwa mbere mu mateka yarenze umusaruro w'ibikoko by'ibinyabuzima. Kumwaka wa kabiri, umuyaga nizuba birenganya umusaruro wamakara. Ibi ahanini bitewe na coronavirus icyorezo cya coronavirus no kugabanuka mu musaruro, wagaragaye mu nzego zose z'ubukungu. Nibihe bisubizo byambere byinzibacyuho kuri "icyatsi"? Kandi Uburayi buzashobora kutabogama mumyaka 2050 mu kugabanya imyuka ya Greenhouse?
Umwaka ushize, umuyaga n'izuba byabyaye icya gatanu cy'ingufu z'i Burayi. Muri icyo gihe, ibyo bice byombi ni "icyatsi" cyonyine, cyerekana iterambere. Hamwe na bioc na hydrouwerume basetsa 38.2%. Iki kimenyetso cyakuze cyane muri 2020.
Umuyaga watanze 14% by'amashanyarazi y'uburayi, ari 9% ugereranije na 2015. Ingufu z'izuba zishora izindi 5% muri rusange "cashier."
Ubwiyongere buhebuje bwagaragaye mu Buholandi, aho igipimo cya Pan-Burayi cyanditswe. Mu Bufaransa, "icyatsi" cyambere ku nshuro ya mbere "birenze urugero" lisansi y'ibihoro. Igihugu cyageze ku ntambwe ikomeye, penark na Suwede bafashe mbere.
Ariko, gukura kwingufu zishobora kongerwa biracyahagije. Gutezimbere biva mu masoko bigomba gutakaza buri mwaka kugirango tugere ku ntego yuburayi ihamye kugeza 2030. Mu myaka icumi ishize, bakuze impuzandengo ya TD 38 muri buri mwaka, mu gikurikira igomba gukura kuri TV 100 ku mwaka.
Mu butumwa bwiza bw'Uburayi, umusaruro w'amakara muri 2020 waguye kuri 20% na kimwe cya kabiri ugereranije na 2015. Ariko, zimwe muri iyi mbura umwaka ushize watewe no kugabanuka kumashanyarazi kubera icyorezo.
Kugwa kwagaragaye mu bihugu hafi ya EU hafi ya yose (rimwe na rimwe - kuri 50%, urugero, mu Buholandi).
Ingufu za Atomic zaguye ku nyandiko 10%. Ibi biterwa no kugabanuka kwombi mu Bufaransa no gufunga sitasiyo muri Suwede n'Ubudage.
Kuri Advanced
Danemark ni umuyobozi mu ntangiriro y "icyatsi". Mu mwaka wa 2010 ku zuba n'umuyaga, habaye 20% gusa byo gukora, umwaka ushize iyi mico ifite 62%. Igihugu kiri hafi kabiri kubakurikirana iburayi - Irilande.
Iyi nyaba leta ya Scandinaviya bwa mbere yiyerekeje ku mbaraga z'umuyaga no mu gihe cy'amavuta yo mu 1973. Inganda za turbine yumuyaga zatangiriye kumusaruro wibicuruzwa byimashini zubuhinzi. Kandi turbine yambere yubucuruzi mugihugu yubatswe mu 1979.
Danemark ifite ahantu heza ho gutanga amashanyarazi kuva turbine, afite inkombe ndende. Kubwibyo, mu 2002, mu nyanja y'Amajyaruguru, ku birometero 14 uvuye ku nkombe ya jutland, igihingwa kinini cy'amashanyarazi ku isi. Mu myaka 10 ishize, ibimera bibiri by'amashanyarazi byubatswe (aba nyuma, mw 406 yavumbuwe muri Kanama 2019). Umurima wa turbine 49 na 12% wiyongereyeho mu gisekuru cyumuyaga kandi ushoboye gutanga ingo zimyaka 425. Noneho amahembe atatu rev imirima ifite pasiporo ya MW 775.
Mu ya 15 Nzeri 2019, hatanzwe amateka y'ingenzi: kuva mu gicuku kugeza mu gicuku, umuyaga washizeho ingufu nyinshi zarenze ko hakenewe amashanyarazi.
Ikimenyetso cy'Ubudage
Kimwe mu bipimo ngenderwaho by "ahantu nyaburanga" by'Uburayi ni Ubudage. Igihugu cyishingikirije ku makara n'amakara n'amahoro, byari bigamije kunamira ibyuka bya gari ya parewohoge bitarenze 55%, naho kugeza kuri 2050 kugira ngo bitagira aho kutabogama kubijyanye no gusohora iyo myuga.
Muri 2019, mu gihugu hafashwe ingamba z'ikirere, ishyiraho intego z'umwaka ku nzego z'umuntu ku giti cye z'ubukungu mu myaka icumi yakurikiyeho. Mu mategeko amwe, ibisobanuro by'ubu kutabogama nabyo biraba. Munsi yabyo bisobanura kuringaniza zeru hagati yubwiyuha bwa Anthropogenic ya GreenOuse imyuka ya parike hamwe no gukuraho imyuka nkiyi yo mu kirere ashaka.
Kubera icyorezo cya coronavirus muri 2020, gukoresha ingufu mu Budage byari mu gihe gito. Amakuru yabanjirije aya makuru yavuzwe nitsinda ry'ubushakashatsi Ad SergieBilanzen. Muri icyo gihe, imyuka ihumanya ikirere ijyanye n'ingufu mu Budage yaguye toni miliyoni 80. Igihugu rero kizatsinda byoroshye intego yambere muguhagarika ibyuka na 40% ugereranije nurwego rwa 1990. Muri 2019, miliyoni 805 za toni za pasiriya zajugunywe mu kirere.
Abahanga bamenya ko ibyo byabaye bitewe no kugabanya imikoreshereze y'amakara no kwiyongera mu misaruro y'amashanyarazi ashingiye ku masoko ashobora kongerwa. Byongeye kandi, imibumbe zimwe na zimwe zasimbuwe na gaze karemano kubera kugabanuka kwa gazi.
Ariko ibyagezweho n'intego - 2020 byafashwe ahanini na icyorezo. Ubudage buracyahuye na gahoro mu iterambere ry'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, kandi ubukungu bw'ubukungu butazaganisha ku mpinduka zubaka zemeza ko igabanuka ryivangura, kuko zishobora gukira ubukungu.
Abanyaburayi bo hanze
Raporo abakusanya mu rwego rw'ingufu z'ibihugu by'ibihugu by'Uburayi zavuze ko abo ari bo hanze: Porutugali, Romagal, Otirishiya, Uburayi, Ubutaliyani, Repubulika ya Ceki, Silovakiya na Bulugakiya. Muri ibyo bihugu, hakurikijwe abahanga, ibintu byiza byerekana iterambere ry'izuba n'imbaraga z'umuyaga, ariko ibishoboka byose ntabwo byagaragaye kuva muri 2015.
Gukuramo ibibajije, Umuryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi mu rwego rw'imikorere myiza y'inzibacyuho mu myaka itandatu iri imbere irateganya kwerekana umurongo w'inguzanyo wa miliyari 150. Amafaranga azajya gukangurira inzibacyuho mu bukungu butabogaye Amafaranga agomba gukuraho ingaruka zumuryango nubukungu bwiyi nzibacyuho.
Umusaruro w'amashanyarazi uhambiriye cyane (usibye Polonye, twaganiriye muri kimwe mu bikoresho byabanjirije kugira ngo dukurikize iyubakwa ry'imari ya kirimbuzi). Muri Repubulika ya Ceki, ingufu ziva ku makara zirenze inshuro enye kurenza "icyatsi" inkomoko: 53% kuri 12%. Muri icyo gihe, kimwe cya kane cy'inkomoko zose zishobora kongerwa ni biyogazi, biomass n'imbaraga z'izuba. Indi 18% - Hydropower, igice gisigaye ni umuyaga.
Amakuru ya 2018
Ariko, twakagombye kumenya ko iyi niyo ntego yigihugu muri 2020. Byagezweho. Mu mpera z'imyaka icumi iri imbere, umugabane w'inkomoko zishobora kuvugururwa mu ruti rw'amavuko arangije ingufu zigiye kuzana kuri 22%. Muri Ceki, ibi bivuze kugabanuka mumabuye y'agaciro no kubaka ibidukikije bibiri bya kirimbuzi ku mashanyarazi abiri ariho. Interuro iheruka yaganiriweho imyaka itari mike, isoko rya Leta yo kubaka igomba kubaho kugeza mu mpera za 2022, kandi guhagarika gishya ubwacyo ntizishyirwaho mbere ya 2036.
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