Abari ba Ernograpfers ba none yitwa Criméebs nabahagarariye Abayahudi, barose mubinyejana Hagati ku butaka bwa Crimée. Birashoboka guhamagara Abayahudi b'abarinzi gusa bakurikije ibiranga genetike, kubera ko imigenzo yabo isa na Tatar.
Muri icyo gihe, Climca yashoboye kubungabunga ibintu bimwe bidasanzwe by'ubwoko bwabo. Aka gace gato k'ubwoko buvuga ko iyi moko mato yita kuri orotodogisi idini, ibiganiro mu rurimi rwe. Abahanga bakomeje gutongana, bahamagara abakurambere b'abayahudi n'Abanyatumbyi. Ninde ari ikirampeke cy'amayobera?
Izina
Mu buryo butaziguye ijambo "Crimée" ni ibisobanuro byiza cyane byagaragaye mu gukoresha abashakashatsi gusa mu kinyejana cya XIX. Muri iki gihe, Crimémée ku Bwami bw'Uburusiya bubaho.
Abayahudi ba Talmudiste bahamagariwe n'abarimbyi, kandi izina ry'igihugu ryerekezaga mu karere ko atuye. Kuva kera, bizeraga ko gutinzi byagaragaye ku gice cy'igice nyuma ya 1783, igihe Abayahudi bahujije muri Crimée. Ariko, ubundi bushakashatsi bwagabumenyi bwerekanye ko imizi y'Abayahudi ya Sirmkov bakomoka mu gihe cyo hagati.
I. S. KASA, kumurikira bizwi cyane, yaranditse ati:
"Crimée ni itsinda ryihariye ry'Abayahudi, igihe kinini kiba muri Perninse ya Crimée kandi rwemeye cyane umuco wa Tatar."
Abakurambere ba CrimKov
Kubyerekeye inkomoko ya Crimée, hari ibitekerezo byinshi. Ikunze kugaragara mu bahanga bashishikajwe nuko aba bantu bakomoka kubayahudi ba kera bo muri Crimée. Gushiraho ubwoko bwa Crimean butangira hafi mu binyejana bya XIV-XV. Ishingiro ryo kugaragara ryuburenganzira bushya rifite imiryango y'Abayahudi yo mu Burayi.
Ariko, iyi verisiyo nimwe gusa muri hypotheses nyinshi. Mu nyandiko ze, Turkologiya A. N. Samolovich yerekanye ko imiryango ya Khazar ishobora kuba abakurambere ba kera, naho C. Zabolotnaya kandi ashimangira na gato ku nkomoko itaziguye. Niba igitekerezo cya nyuma ari ukuri, icyo kirembo cyafashe inguzanyo nyinshi kumuco wabayahudi na Tatars, hafi yayo imiryango yabo yabaga.
Iyo abakurambere ba mbere ba Crisikov bagaragaye ku butaka bw'ururima, biragoye kuvuga. Nkuko abahanga mu by'amateka bavuga ko erene ya mbere y'Abayahudi muri Crimé yagaragaye mu kinyejana cya mbere kugeza mu gihe cyacu. Impamvu yo kwimura ubutaka bwa Crimée bufatwa nko guhagarika imigati mu Bwami bw'Abaroma.
Imiryango ya mbere y'Abayahudi yagaragaye muri Crimée mu kinyejana cya Xiii muri Cafe. Amakuru yamateka yanditse uruhare rwa Mediator ya Krymchak mu mishyikirano ya Ivan III na Khan Crimean Khan, naho igice cy'ubwo bwandikirana cyakozwe mu giheburayo.
Amateka yabantu
Mu kinyejana cya XV, gukura kw'Abayahudi b'imiryango. Iyi nzira yatewe no kwirukanwa kw'Abayahudi kuva Byzantium, mu Butaliyani, Uburusiya. Ubumenyi bw'amoko ya Crimée bwashinzwe muri kiriya gihe byatangiye guhuriza hamwe abimukira bashya, buhoro buhoro. Ibi biranga ishinga ryagize ingaruka ku buryo butangaje umuco wabayahudi wa Crimée kandi byumwihariko, imigenzo ya Crimbons.
Kubera ko abaturanyi ba Criméni bari tati ya Crimée, ibintu byabo ntibishobora kwigaragaza mu kindi gihugu. Niba urebye imyambarire yigihugu ya Crimé, urashobora kubona ibintu byabayahudi na Tatar. Gutiza Tatar bigaragarira mu rurimi rwa Crimée. Nubwo bigaragara ko bigaragara ko umuco wa Tatar, ntabwo byagize ingaruka ku myizerere n'ubuzima bwa Krymchav.
Igihe kimwe cyo kwinjiza muri Criméea, Ingoma y'Uburusiya yabaruwe ku gace, hari abarinzi bagera kuri 800 mu muryango w'abavuka mukuru. Urwego ruto rwiterambere ryubukungu rwibi bihugu ntirwabemereye umuco waho.
Nkuko ibirinzi ubwabo byerekanaga mu cyifuzo kuri Alexandre njye, nta muntu n'umwe washoboraga kuvuga Ikirusiya. Ibi bintu nkibi byagize ingaruka mbi kurwego rwuburezi, bwari gukorwa mu rurimi nyamukuru rwamazu.
Ibyago Krymchakov
Nubwo ingorane, umubare w'abarimbyi wariyongereye buhoro buhoro. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana gishize, abantu bamaze kurenga ibihumbi 7 ku isi, kandi mbere y'intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, umubare wageze ku bihumbi 10.
Ibigo byo mu rugo rw'abaturage ni Simferopol, Feodosia, Kerch. Amazina yimirima rusange yakozwe muri 20 - "Cremani" na "Yeni Crimée" nayo avuga akamaro no kuba emnos.
Umudage umwuga wa Crimémée ahinduka ibyago bya Crimée. Mu gihe cy'abateye Abadage basabye, bagera kuri 75-80% by'iri tsinda ry'abatuye uyu muryango bararimbutse. Dukurikije imibare, nta bantu bo muri Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti bageze ku Badage nka Crimée.
Mu myaka ya nyuma y'intambara, muri Crimée 700 gusa. Gukubita, bisabwe n'abateye ubugome, byari byica amoko. Ndetse no muri iki gihe cyacu, ikibazo cyo kubaho kw'ibiti ni ikibazo gikomeye. Muri iki gihe, gusa mu bahagarariye ubwenegihugu bwagumije ubumenyi bwururimi rwigiheburayo, igice gito cyane kirashobora kuvuga ku mvugo ya Crimée.
Muri iki gihe, imigenzo myinshi y'idini, Krymchakini yubahirije ibinyejana yari amaze gutakara rwose. Muri Crimea ya none, Crimém yakomeje kuba abantu bato cyane, kuko umubare wabo kuri ibi bihugu ntiryare abantu 400. Ibizaba kumuryango mugihe kizaza - biragoye no gutekereza.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, nizera ko ihamagarwa rya intemitenya nabantu bazimiye hakiri kare. Igihombo giteye ubwoba no guhungabana kw'ikinyejana gishize ni amahano ya Krymchakov, ariko ubwoko bwabo - nubwo ari muto cyane - akomeje kubaho.
Birumvikana ko itsinda rito ryabantu biragoye cyane kwiyegurira imico n'imyizerere itandukanye, ariko imiryango myinshi y'Abanyaziya yamaze kwerekana ko ingorane zidasanzwe zishobora gutsinda. Ahari Krymchaki azanatwica muribi.