Kugura imigabane birashobora kuba umusanzu mwiza muri banki niba portfolio igizwe nimpapuro zizewe zitanga amafaranga asanzwe. Ikintu nyamukuru nukumenya imigabane niterambere rinini, kandi tubira ku gihe.
Ku rundi ruhande, kwishura inyungu ntabwo byemewe. Ingano yabo mubihe byashize yerekana gusa gahunda yubuyobozi bwisosiyete ejo hazaza, kandi politiki yimiryango irashobora guhinduka igihe icyo aricyo cyose.
Kugura imigabane kugirango wakire inyungu
Ku isoko ryimigabane, hari ingamba zifata abashoramari babonye imigabane yamasosiyete ahora yishyura inyungu. Mu burengerazuba, nk'urugero, muri Amerika, habaho igitekerezo nk'iki nk'igitekerezo cyo gutandukana - abatanga bishyura imyaka 25. Ndetse no gutandukana abami - imyaka 50, ibisekuruza byose.Amazina yiyi masosiyete arazwi cyane: akenshi aya ni ibigo binini byisi: Coca-cola, umukara & decker, Johnson & Johnson, na Johnson, 3m nibindi nibindi nibindi nibindi nibindi nibindi nibindi nibindi nibindi nibindi byinshi. Ahari politiki yabo yinyubako ishingiye ku mushoramari nimwe murufunguzo rwo gutsinda?
Politiki yo mu nyungu z'amasosiyete y'Uburusiya
Ibigo by'Uburusiya byanze bikunze kubona ibyamamare ku isi kuko bidahwitse bidafite inyungu. Ndetse byinshi, abo bashoramari bashora ku isoko ryimbere ndetse n'amahanga, akenshi bavuga ko abayisiga Uburengerazuba ari ugukura, kandi mu rugo - mu gihugu cyo kwishyura inyungu.
Nkako, muri Amerika, hafi 5 ku ijana ku mwaka bifatwa nk'injiza myiza mu bikorwa, no mu Burusiya iki cyerekezo gikunze kugera ku 10-11%. Ariko icyarimwe, ntugomba kwibagirwa ko ibiciro ku kubitsa muri banki y'ibihugu byacu bitandukanye cyane. Nk'uko amadorari y'Amerika, mubisanzwe nta hejuru ya 2-3%.
N'Uburusiya 6 ndetse n'ibindi ijana bihangana n'urwego rwahanuwe rwo guta ifaranga kandi bagabanuka neza.
Ni kangahe inyungu zishobora guterana
Nk'uburyo, abashoramari bagura imigabane hamwe n'inyungu nyinshi kugirango babone buri gihe amafaranga yinjiza. Muri iki kibazo, ikibazo cyigihe ushobora kwakira amafaranga.Buri gihembwe cyishyura impanda, NLMK, MMK, Phosagro, Tatneft, Qiwi. Rimwe mu mezi atandatu - Akron, Lukoil, Gazfrom, Novatek, Rosneft, Norsils n'abandi. Ibisigaye biri mubihe byinshi mumwaka. Byabaye. Mugihe uvuga gusa ko kenshi kuruta rimwe mu mwaka uteganya kwishyura inyungu TMK, SBERBANK, RESTI. Igihe kizakubwira.
Mu bindi bihugu, muri Amerika, ibigo byinshi byishyura inyungu inshuro nyinshi.
Gura promotion, shaka inyungu hanyuma uhite ugurisha
Birumvikana ko abashoramari benshi batangiye bafite ikibazo, kandi niba bidashoboka guhita mubandi bitabiriye isoko, kugura impapuro zihita mbere yo kwishyura inyungu, byinjira byihuse, kandi ububiko bwo kugurisha, Amezi atandatu, hanyuma numwaka.
Birumvikana ko bidakora cyane. Ako kanya nyuma yo gufunga Gerefiye, ni ukuvuga, amaherezo biyemeje kwakira inyungu zakira neza muri iki gihe, amagambo agwa vuba. Kuri ecran ya sisitemu yubucuruzi, igisimba cyitwa exacken cyashinzwe - impinduka mubiciro byimigabane hamwe no gufungura umunsi ukurikira.
Rero, umushoramari waguze imigabane kuri Eva, inyungu, birumvikana ko izakira. Ariko impapuro ze zizagurisha impapuro zabo kubiciro, bizaba munsi yikiguzi, aho yabaguze mbere yo gufunga Gerefiye, kandi hafi ingano yizi nyungu zubu.
Ibyiza n'ibibi byo kwishyura byinshi
Nkuko tubizi, ba nyir'umugabane bahabwa inyungu zubwoko bubiri: ntabwo ari muburyo bwinyungu gusa, ahubwo nibisubizo byiyongera mugihe cyamasomo yicyitonderwa cyimpapuro. Biroroshye gukeka ko ibigo bikura vuba bidakunze kwishyura no guhora wiyongera inyungu. Gusa kubera ko bafite aho byunguka gushora amafaranga yose. Kandi amahirwe yo kwishyura amafaranga menshi ni ibigo bitandukanye, bikomeza kugenda byinshi, kandi bakoresha ibyaremwe bimaze kubaho.Ntabwo bitangaje, amasosiyete kumasoko yisi, nka tesla motors cyangwa yandex muburusiya - inyungu ntizishyura. Ariko icyarimwe, mubyukuri binjiza amafaranga ahagije kubashoramari, hejuru cyane kurenza 5 cyangwa 10% kuri buri mwaka.
Niki cyingenzi, inyungu cyangwa gukura kwamagambo
Duhereye ku banyamwuga, ntabwo ari ngombwa cyane, mu buryo umushoramari azahabwa amafaranga, biturutse ku mikurire y'amagambo cyangwa muburyo bw'inyungu. Ikintu nyamukuru nukuva aho wakira inyungu. Ni ukuvuga, mbere ya byose, birakenewe ko ibicuruzwa byisosiyete bigenda bisabwa ku isoko, kugurisha byayo byariyongereye. Kandi hariho inyungu mu buringanire, ushobora kwishyura inyungu, cyangwa gushora imari mu kwiyongera.
Ku rundi ruhande, niba uwatanze yahisemo gukishyura abashoramari hano none, yakiriye inyungu kandi kongera gukoresha amahirwe - yinjiza mu mazu y'isosiyete imwe.
Kubwimpamiro ni inyungu nini mubihe byashize
Mu masosiyete y'Uburusiya, kwishyura inyungu bisuzumwa mu rwego rw'amavuta na gaze: Surgutneftegaz, Tatneft, Lukoil, amafaranga ashobora kuba afite imyaka 7-11%. Muri Metallurgie: MMK, Impaka, Norilskel, 11-13%. Itumanaho, MTS, hafi 11%. Hanyuma, gucuruza: Isi yabana na M.VIDoo - 6-11%.Aba batanze bafatwa nkinkunga nyinshi kugirango babone inyungu. Ariko, ntibishoboka kongera kwibuka ko ibyahise atari garanti y'ejo hazaza, byerekana gusa inzira runaka.
Inyungu nini ziteganijwe abasesengura
Kugeza ubu, abasesenguzi benshi bemeza ko inyungu nini zishobora kwishyurwa ku mugabane w'amasosiyete akurikira.
Imigabane yatoranijwe ya surgutneftegaz. Iki nikirere kidasanzwe, kubera ko, ukurikije igitabo cyayo, isosiyete igomba kohereza inyungu ku rwego rwo kwishyura imigabane yatoranijwe ya 10 ku ijana. Muri icyo gihe kimwe muri 2020 habaye kugabanuka ku gipimo rusange cy'ivunjisha, cyatumye ingamba zingana n'ingabo z'isosiyete zikomoka ku rwego rwo kuvugurura indangagaciro. Abasesengura bahanura amafaranga menshi ku mafaranga 6-7 kuri buri mugabane, hanyuma umusaruro w'inyungu ugomba kuba hafi 15-17%.
Biteganijwe nikel biteganijwe ko izagarura umwanya wayo muri uyumwaka nyuma yimpanuka kuri CHP-3. Ibitekerezo byo gusesengura diverge. Bamwe bavuga ko bishoboka ko amafaranga 1200-1450, abandi ni benshi cyane, mubona inyungu za nyuma zishobora kurenga amafaranga 2,700 kuri buri mugabane, hanyuma inyungu zizaba abantu 11.4 cyangwa zirenga ngarukamwaka.
NLMK itangaje imigambi yayo yo kongera ibyuma bivuye kuri toni miliyoni 12.2 kugeza 14.2 muri 2021. Abahanga bavuga ko inyungu zigomba gukura kugeza 24-25 kuri buri mugabane, zizatanga umusaruro wo hejuru ya 11.5% kuri buri mwaka.
Mts itandukanijwe no gukorera mu mucyo wa politiki yabo y'igitsina. Birazwi neza ko ubwishyu bwisosiyete bwishyuwe kumyaka 28 kuri buri mugabane. Ibi bivuze ko abashoramari bazahabwa imyaka 8.7 ku ijana kuri buri mwaka. Ibyiringiro byinyongera kubanyamigabane ba sosiyete bitanga ibyiringiro byo kwishyura imigabane yagaruwe nububiko. Ni ukuvuga, amafaranga yinjiza azatangwa mugihe kizaza hagati ya ba nyirubwite.
Kandi kumpera yuburyo bushimishije bwo gushora imari ukurikije icyerekezo gishya mubukungu. Isosiyete EROL Uburusiya, yerekeje imigabane yacyo ingamba nshya ziterambere mumyaka iri imbere. Isosiyete yagurishije Gres ya Reftinskaya, amashanyarazi y'amakara, kugira ngo atere imbere mu gihe kizaza mu cyerekezo cyo gukoresha amasoko ashobora kongerwa. Kubihe byinzibacyuho, abanyamigabane basezeranije kwishyura amafaranga miliyari 3 kumwaka. Ibi bigomba kuba amafaranga 0.085 kuri buri mugabane, cyangwa, muri iki gihe cyo gutangazwa, 9.4% kuri buri mwaka.