Mu mushinga mushya kuri TV WNV, ikiganiro n'abahanga mu bya abahanga mu by'ingenzi kandi abahanga bazatangazwa ku minsi y'icyumweru.
Umukandida w'imitungo n'imibare umwarimu, Marat Vazichovich Marat Vazichovich yabaye intwari ya Fortieth yumushinga wihariye.
Mu kiganiro hamwe n'umunyamakuru, TNV, Lotfutlin yavuze ku mugozi no gutunganya abantu mu bumenyi bw'indimi nyinshi, ku bumenyi bw'igihugu mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, ndetse no ku ruhanga rw'inzobere mu rurimi rw'itanura.
"Hariho uburezi mu rurimi rw'ibitagati, ariko mu kirusiya - ntibatandukanye mubirimo"
- Wahagaze ku nkomoko y'uburezi bw'igihugu muri 90. Ni izihe nama n'atsinze ubona uyu munsi?
- Yego, nari umwe mubantu bakoraga uburezi bwigihugu. Noneho itsinda ryibanze ryabarimu bakoze, uyu murimo rusange numuntu ntazigera nshobora gukora akazi nkuyu. Ikigaragara ni uko dukoresha imvugo kavukire, rikoreshwa mu ibarura, kandi abantu barayikoresha, ariko afite ubusobanuro butandukanye bwo gusobanukirwa ku isi no mu Burusiya. Kurugero, muburusiya mugusobanura Tishkov, uru ni ururimi umuntu atunze. Isi ifatwa nkururimi kavukire - ururimi rwabaturage babo.
- Ufite itandukaniro?
- Itandukaniro rinini! Umuntu ntashobora gutunga ururimi kavukire kandi iki nikimenyetso cyo kugensa. Kurugero, ukurikije ibarura rya 2010, Tatars miliyoni 5 muri zo muri bo miliyoni miliyoni imwe ntibavuga ururimi. Ibi bivuze ko Tatar atarengeje 2010 ari 25%. Ndatekereza, ku gisubizo cy'ibarura ry'uyu mwaka, iki cyerekezo kiziyongera. Kubwibyo, ururimi kavukire nururimi rwubwoko bwawe. Kubatatata, ururimi kavukire rwu Burusiya ntabwo, nubwo badafite Tatar.
- I.E. Indangamuntu nururimi birahujwe?
- ihujwe cyane! Igihe kirenze, ntabwo ari ugusobanura ururimi bizakomeza kuganisha ku kuba umuntu azabura umuco w'ubwoko bwe.
- Nyuma y'ibisekuru bingahe?
- Ibisekuru 2. Ndashaka kwibanda kubibazo byigihugu, bivuze ko hari uburezi butabogaye. Ariko, uburezi ubwo aribwo bwose. Kubwibyo, ijambo uburezi bwigihugu ni uburiganya, bukoreshwa mugihugu cyacu gusa. Hariho uburezi mu rurimi rwa Tatar, ariko mu Burusiya - ntibatandukanye mubirimo! Indangagaciro nimwe nubumenyi.
- Uruhare rw'uburezi bw'igihugu no kumenya ururimi nabwo buteranya ibitekerezo?
- Yego, birumvikana, mu buryo butaziguye! Kuberako ururimi rutarazwe. Umuntu wese yavutse nta rurimi.
- Ariko tuvuga ko hakiriho ibintu bidukikije, umuryango cyangwa ishuri gusa?
- Ishuri - Ikintu cyiganje! Umuryango gusa iyo umuntu asinziriye. N'ubundi kandi, ubuzima bwose bubera mu ishuri ry'incuke, ku kazi, ku ishuri.
- Ariko abantu benshi bavuga ko imvugo ya Tatar igomba kubikwa mumuryango ...
"Niba aribyo, tata itana na Kazan ntabwo yavugaga abana babo." Nyuma ya byose, bageze mu mudugudu w'indimi zabo kavukire hari Tatar, barabivuga rumwe, ariko abana babo bari bamaze kuvugana mu kirusiya.
"Abacada binjiye mu Burusiya hamwe n'ubutaka bwabo, ntibaguye mu kwezi!"
- Nigute wagejeje uburezi muri kavukire yawe (Tatar) muri 90? Ubu twabonye iki?
- 90s nimyaka ya renaissance, gukira. Niba urebye inkuru, hanyuma tatars ihora ifite sisitemu nziza cyane. Mbere yo kwinjira mu Burusiya na nyuma yo kwinjira mu Burusiya, iyi sisitemu yarinzwe. Birumvikana ko hari igihe hashize imyaka 200, ariko kuva 1700 byari bimaze kwemererwa kumusigiti hamwe nabo Madrasa hamwe nabatabatu bose bakiriye uburezi.
Mu 1870, hashyizweho gahunda yo gushinga abanyamahanga yakiriwe mu Burusiya, yakiriwe na Tolstoy. Ifite igice gitandukanye, ginini kuri tatars. Kandi nyuma yimpinduramatwara, ibyaremwe kurwego rwa leta yuburezi mu rurimi rwa Tatar. Impinduramatwara ikomeye yo mu Kwakira yari intungane mu gihugu. Abantu bamwe bararekuwe, urugero, finnes, pole yaremye leta itandukanye. Tatadi ku bihe by'amateka yagumye mu Burusiya, ariko kuri bo haribisabwa byose byo guteza imbere uburezi.
- Byatinze igihe kirekire?
- kugeza 1934. Mbere y'ibyo, Tatadi ntabwo yari ifite uburezi rusange, bwari bwariyongereye ku bantu. Uburezi bwari mu Burusiya gusa kandi bwisanzure, kandi Tatate yatojwe ku kiguzi cyabo. Byongeye kandi, muri Madrasa, byari bibujijwe kwiga imibare, chimie, biologiya. Madrasa "Izh-Bubi" azwiho kuba ntangiye kwigisha ibintu mu rurimi rw'ibitatanye kandi kubwibyo bafunzwe imyaka 10.
Mu 1920, Repubulika ya Tatarstan yaremewe, ariko mu mwaka wa 18, iyambere yiri tegeko ni ryo kwinjiza kubuntu, itegeko ryibanze mu rurimi rwa Tatar. Hariho inyandiko yabana bose bo mu ishuri, mu nzego zose, kugeza muri kaminuza. Narebye ububiko muri Moscou, amakuru abitswe aho kuri buri shuri mu turere twose two mu Burusiya.
- Byabaye gute?
- Abarimu bacapwe, abigisha bateguwe muri Omsk, Tomsk, UFA, Orenburg. Abanyeshuri bakorana, abanyeshuri bato. Mu gusohora inzu "kumurikirwa" bitaza ibitabo, ishami ryakoraga muri Kazan. Ibi bitabo byagejejwe mu Burusiya. Muri Minisiteri y'Uburezi harimo ishami ry'uburezi bw'igihugu, ibyo bigenzuye. Nta diaspora Tatadi mu Burusiya, kubera ko Uburusiya aribwo buvuka. Tatars uba muri Amerika - Diaspora. Abacada binjiye mu Burusiya hamwe n'ubutaka bwabo, ntibaguye mu kwezi!
Mu 1934, yemerewe guhitamo imvugo yubusa twirata. Ariko ibi ntabwo ari iterambere ryibanze bya siyansi ya Pedagogi, kuko abarimu benshi bakomeye ba Kamensky, bose basenga, Ushinsky yavuze ko uburezi bugomba kuba mu rurimi rwabo kavukire. Bashyigikiye Imana bati: "Abarimu ntibagomba gutunga ururimi rwo kwigisha gusa, bagomba kuba bahagarariye aba bantu, abatwara umuco."
Nyuma, amashuri hamwe na Tatar yatangiye gufunga, amahugurwa yabarimu yarahagaze. Ariko Kavuki idasanzwe yatangiye mu 1937, yamaze kumenyekanisha ikizamini giteganijwe mu rurimi rw'ikirusiya, kandi mu rurimi rwabo kavukire cyahagaritswe, kwandika byimuriwe muri Cyrillic. Mugihe cyintambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, kaminuza zose za Pedagogi zo mu tundi turere zarafunzwe no kubura amafaranga n'ibinyamakuru. Kandi mubisanzwe, amashuri nta mahugurwa adafunze.
Muri Tatarstan, imyaka 4 y'abarimu bo muri Tatari, ntibateguwe.
- Urashaka kuvuga nde?
- Imibare, Abahanga, abahanga mu binyabuzima.
- I.E. Ese abo bagomba kwigisha mururimi?
- Yego! Kuberako nitwa iyi nkoni, no gukora ibicuruzwa - ukeneye shobuja. Muri Tatantan hari indi politiki, urundi rwego - Ururimi rwa Tatar rwatangajwe ko leta, kandi gahunda yo gutangiza ururimi rw'ibitatanye ku buzima. Noneho dufite imvugo yigitatiri ntabwo ikoreshwa mubuzima. Ariko mu rurimi rw'ibitatanye, urashobora gushyira mu bikorwa amashuri makuru, umusaruro. Ururimi rwa Tatar rwashyizwe mu ndimi z'iz'uburayi hifashishijwe burundu. Urugero, natanze ikiganiro muri kimwe mu nama i Moscou ku bijyanye n'uburambe bw'amashuri ari mu rurimi rwa Tatar, navuze ko muri Tatar. Kuva muri salle yabajije ikibazo: "Nigute? Wigisha imibare mururimi rwa Tatar? Kandi ufata he? ", Kandi ndavuga hariya, ni imibare, sinus na cosine ni amagambo atagaragara yu Burusiya ?! Birumvikana ko atari byo! Nashoboye kubemeza.
- Kuki noneho ababyeyi batinya guha abana babo siporo ngororamubiri?
- Kuberako hariho poropagande! Tatars ntabwo izi abahanga mu bahanga. Tatars ihujwe nande? Hamwe nababyinnyi, abaririmbyi, mugihe gikabije nabanyamakuru n'abanditsi. Kandi dufite abahanga benshi bazwiho ntabwo muri tatarstan gusa, ahubwo no ku isi yose! Kurugero, Rashid Syunayev, ahangayikishijwe cyane nuko nta rurimi rwa tatar ruhari muri kaminuza ya Kazan, kandi inzozi zayo, zikabiganiraho muri buri Kongere.
- Ariko dufite Ikigo cya Tatar, guhindura ...
- Uribeshya, mururimi rwa Tatar. Ku minwa, guhinga, nta biokiq, ariko hari inzobere muri utwo turere!
- Ibi birashoboka ko aribwo buryo bwa nyuma?
- Ntabwo! Muri 90, kubusa ntiyicaye, twarekuye abanyeshuri benshi bafite imvugo yigitatiri.
- birashoboka ko bikwiye kubaka kaminuza nkuru?
- Kaminuza yerekana ko habaho polylingval, harimo na Tatar. Kubura kaminuza zacu zose z'Uburusiya - nta cyongereza gikomeye. Kurugero, nize icyongereza mwishuri ryangiza, kuko umuhanga agomba kuba mu isonga rya siyanse agomba gutunga icyongereza. Siyanse kwisi! Tuba mu Burusiya kandi tugomba kumenya Ikirusiya, ariko no kumenya ururimi kavukire, ntirubabaza, ahubwo ruzakungahaza buri muntu. Noneho kwisi, icyerekezo cyimibonano mpuzabitsina namasosiyete gishishikariza nyirubwite ndetse nabantu biganje bafite indimi nkeya. Iyi sosiyete iratandukanijwe, yange kandi yaguka ubumenyi.
- Uburezi bwa Polylingval ni imyitozo yisi?
- Yego! Kandi ururimi kavukire nubushobozi nyamukuru bwo kwiga. Abo. Umuntu utavuga ururimi rwe kavukire ntabwo afatwa nkumuntu wize.
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