Muri XIX, iterambere rya siyanse ya anatomy yari yuzuye. Ariko mbere yuko abahanga bakomeje guhagarika ikibazo - byari bigoye cyane kubona imirambo myiza yo kwiga. Umusaza yahise atandukana na manipure. Kubwibyo, anatoma rimwe na rimwe yamanuye ibibazo byimyitwarire kandi byari byiteguye kwishyura amafaranga kumurambo, utabajije ibibazo aho yafashe.
Kuri iyi, abicanyi babiri bashoboraga kuzamuka neza: William Berk na William Liids. Mu byukuri bakoze ubucuruzi bwo kugurisha imirambo yabo abahohotewe. Hano hari ibintu bike byamateka yabo yo mwishyamba.
Igitekerezo cyoherejwe na parate
Berk na Hire ntibari umwicanyi. Muri rusange, bari abimukira b'amahame bimukiye bava muri Irilande bajya muri Scotland. Ariko nta ntsinzi yihariye mu murimo wa bagenzi be.
Ariko hano iherezo ryoherereje gahunda yubucuruzi. Umusirikare usezerewe yakuye mucyumba muri Hera kandi yagombaga kumushaka amafaranga, ahita apfa. Umugabo yararakaye cyane ku buryo atazakira amafaranga, ariko inshuti ye yaje kunuka. Yatanze kwiba umurambo akawugurisha ku baganga. Barabikora, bifatanije n'umurambo w'umusirikare kubafasha bo kubaga ibyamamare bya Robert Noks 7 hamwe na pound nto.
Igishushanyo cya William Berk na William Hera. Ifoto: Ibicuruzwa bya Wikimedia
Niba nta mirambo, ugomba kubafasha kugaragara
Intsinzi ya Berk na Hera intsinzi barabasiba bishimye. Bashakaga Navigar amafaranga menshi kuri ibi, ariko abandi bakodesha ntibafashe ibyumba. Kubwibyo, ushidikanya kandi ko niba ntawe ushaka kujya muri urwo rumuri, noneho bakeneye kubafasha.Ubwa mbere bari beza kandi baniga insanganyamatsiko yaho, "yari atakiri umukode." Nyuma yihohoterwa rimwe na gahunda imwe yari umudamu wubusa. Nyuma ye, ibinezeza byahinduye abahohotewe nabi, bica indaya w'imyaka 18. Bakomeje guhitamo abantu "inshingano zo hasi," kubera ko ntamuntu wabashakisha. Ariko inyota yunguka yateje ko bishe babyara ba Berk idafite ishami ryumutimanama.
AMAKOSA
Nyuma ya Berk na Hera babaye umusore wo mu mutwe wo mu mutwe kuri witi yitwa Polopie. Yari azi akarere kose. Iyo umurambo we wirengagijwe ku nyigisho za Knox, abanyeshuri bashoboye kumenya Jamie. Imiti yarabirukanye, ariko itangira guhangayikishwa aho "ibicuruzwa" bigaragara.
Inyamaswa zageze mu zabukuru zabaye igitambo cya nyuma cyahohotewe. Ubu bwicanyi bwari bufite abatangabuhamya bashoboye kumenya abagizi ba nabi. Berk yarafashwe, ariko umurambo ntiwabonye. Informant yasabye abapolisi, aho ukeneye gushakisha, kandi umubiri bidatinze wavumbuye Robert Nox mucyumba cy'inyigisho.
Kwicwa umwanzi atifuza
Iperereza ryagaragaye ko umwaka, Irilande yarangije abantu 16 imibiri yabo yagurishije Noksu. Ibimenyetso ntibyari bihagije, ariko umwe muri abagenzi yatanze ubunebwe. William we yatanze ubuhamya kuri Berk mugusukura inshingano.
William Berk yakatiwe igihano cy'urupfu hamwe na anatomiya rusange. Inzu Ndangamurage ya AnatoMurght wa kaminuza ya Edinburgh kugeza na nubu yabitswe igitabo cyuzuyemo uruhu rukubiswe rwumwicanyi. Robert Noksu yashoboye kuva mu nshingano, kuko atazi aho yakuye imirambo. Ariko izina rye ryararangiye.
Bust William Berk nigitabo cyuzuye uruhu rwe. Ifoto: Ibicuruzwa bya Wikimedia
Ingaruka z'inkuru y'umwijima
Inteko ishinga amategeko y'Ubwongereza ntishobora kugura uko ibintu bimeze. Mu 1832, "igikorwa cya Anatolical" cyakiriwe, ukurikije ibyo abaganga bashobora gufungura imibiri idasabwa kwiga anatomiya. Kandi, abavandimwe b'abapfuye barashobora kugeza imibiri yabo kubikorwa bya siyansi.
Kandi inkuru y'abicanyi ubwayo yari ishingiye ku ifishi "ibirenge by'intoki by'urukundo" (mu mwimerere yiswe "Berk na Har.
Simon Pegg na Andy serkisi mumashusho ya William Berk na William Hera. Ifoto: Ikadiri kuva muri firime "Ibirenge by'urukundo"