Komisiyo y'Ubukungu ya Eurage ihora ikora kugirango itezimbere imikorere ya EAEU, kandi rimwe mu byerekezo by'ibi ni ukuzamura uburyo bw'abayobozi barwanya antimonopoly. Nkuko byavuzwe muri ECE mugihe cy'ihuriro rya antitonopoly ku ya 18 Gashyantare, Leta ya Eurasiya isaba uburyo bushya bwo kubahiriza, kubera ko amahame asanzwe atahabwa ibipimo bihujwe. Ibibazo bihari harimo amasoko ya digitale Iterambere ryikaze rifite uruhare rwa PANDemic hamwe nubuyobozi bujyanye nayo. Ni izihe ngamba zo kurengera amarushanwa ya eCE ubu kandi ni izihe mpinduka zitegura, umwe mu bagize kobanye (minisitiri) ku marushanwa ya Komisiyo Arman Shakkaliyev yabwiye, mu kiganiro na Eurasia.Umuyobozi.
- Arman Abayevich, blok yawe ishinzwe kurengera amarushanwa muri ubumwe. Ni izihe ngamba, mubitekerezo byawe, mu myitozo ngororamubiri?
- Nkeneye kurinda amarushanwa nuburyo bwo kubikora? Ikibazo nkiki kivuka mubiganiro kenshi. Njye mbona, kurinda no guteza imbere amarushanwa ntibisobanutse. Kurugero, guharanira amarushanwa meza bigira uruhare mugutezimbere ubucuruzi buto kandi buciriritse, nabwo buganisha kubyuka imirimo mishya. Kugaragara kwabanywanyi mu masoko y'ibicuruzwa bihatira abandi bakinnyi b'amasoko kugirango bamenyekanishe ikoranabuhanga rishya, shakisha uburyo bushya bwo kunoza imikorere y'ibikorwa byabo. Ibi byose bibaye ku nyungu z'ubukungu bwa Leta kandi zemeza ko ibipimo byose byubukungu nibipimo byimari biri munganda zitandukanye.
Muri ibi bihe, amarushanwa hagati y'ibigo by'isoko agomba kuba umutimanama w'ibihugu "amategeko y'umukino" byagaragaye haba ku mategeko y'igihugu y'ibihugu ndetse no mu rwego rwo kugereranya muri EAEU. Kandi nkumushingakor wimyitwarire yigihugu hamwe nuburinganire kumasoko turi - abategetsi ba antitdust. Amasezerano ya Eaeec asobanura amahame ngenderwaho n'amategeko agenga amarushanwa, ubushobozi bwa Komisiyo n'inzego zemewe z'ibihugu bigize uyu muryango byarateganijwe. Ibirenze byose, kugenzura abayobozi b'igihugu. Niba kurenga ku mategeko rusange ashinzwe irushanwa ryagize ingaruka ku masoko abiri cyangwa menshi Eaeu abivuga, ni ukuvuga amasoko acururizwa, uyu niwo murima w'ibikorwa bya Komisiyo.
Niba tuvuze ingamba zo kurengera amarushanwa, birumvikana ko bigomba kuba bigamije gukumira no gukumira ibikorwa bitoroshye binyuranyije n'amategeko. Kandi ibikoresho birashobora kuba bitandukanye - nko guhanura (muburyo bwibihano, kurugero), no gukumira (iyi niyo bita "amabwiriza yoroshye"). Niba tuvuga ku mibare, mu mwaka ushize twasuzumye ibyifuzo 28 ku bimenyetso by'ubutegetsi rusange; yamaze iperereza 13; Bifatwa nkibibazo 11 byo kurenga ku mategeko rusange y'amarushanwa.
Intego ni uguhana, abahagarariye ubucuruzi imbere ya Komisiyo bidakwiye. Ibihano - Igipimo cya nyuma, kigikwiye kwihariza, kugarura amarushanwa nuko ikintu cyingenzi.
Komisiyo yatangijwe cyane kandi ikoreshwa "uburyo bworoshye bwa". Kurugero, ishati yubatswe yamaze gushyirwa mubikorwa. Nkigipimo cyo gukumira, biragufasha kugarura amagambo ahwanye, azigama igihe, umutungo wimari n'umurimo utanga ibimenyetso byigenga kandi bikuraho ku bushake amategeko agenga amarushanwa, komeza ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe, harimo n'intego runaka, harimo n'ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe, bigamije kugarura amarushanwa. Byongeye kandi, inzego zubucuruzi ntizicibwa kandi ntizitwaje ingaruka zidasanzwe.
Muri 2020, twateye imbere, turabyemera no guhabwa ibisobanuro 10 byifuzo ku masoko atandukanye y'ibicuruzwa ku bikorwa bigamije gukuraho amasoko yo kurengana ku masoko y'umupaka. Bigomba kuvugwa ko iki gikoresho gifite cyiza cyishyirwaho haba mumasoko yibyuma bya anisotropic, amakara, no ku masoko ya fersement kandi yicyayi.
- Ntabwo ari ibanga kubona ibicuruzwa byashyizwe mu bikorwa ku masoko y'ibihugu by'iburengerazuba, ukurikije ibiranga inyungu zabo, birenze urugero rw'imigero yatanzwe mu masoko y'ibihugu byacu. Iki ni igikorwa cyamarushanwa arenganya? Komisiyo ishaka ite kunesha ibi?
Mu byukuri, imanza aho ibicuruzwa-guhagarikwa bishyirwa mu gace ka EAEU, byanditswe n'abayobozi b'igihugu mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango. Ku murongo w'ibyigwa muri Komisiyo, hari ikibazo cyo guteza imbere impinduka mu mategeko ya tekiniki ya EAEU. By'umwihariko, niba ibicuruzwa byashyizwe mu butaka bw'ibihugu bigize EAEU, mu bigize ibipimo byayo, ibindi bipimo bitandukanye n'ibicuruzwa bimwe bishyirwa mu bikorwa hanze ya EAU mu kimenyetso kimwe, ni ukuvuga, byerekanwe kubipfunyika. Ibi bizarinda isoko ryacu kubikorwa bidakwiye irushanwa ryamasosiyete manini yo kudoda no gushyira mubikorwa kubijyanye nubutaka bwa eaeu yibicuruzwa bike.
Ahari tuzajya inzira zitandukanye kandi tugasuzuma amahirwe y'ibikorwa bihuriweho n'amashyirahamwe y'igihugu kurengera uburenganzira bw'abaguzi. Kuri twe, ibyemezo byemewe n'amategeko byo ku kibazo mushobora kubisanga mu mategeko y'igihugu y'ibihugu EAEU yitabiriye.
- Mu gipomezo cyo kwandura coronasile, amasoko ya digitabi yakiriye iterambere rishya. Ni uruhe rubanza rwo kubarinda amashuri?
- Ntabwo navuga ko ari icyorezo cyisi cyisi cya coronavirus cyagize ingaruka ku iterambere ryisoko rya digitale. Ahubwo, yihutishije iterambere ryabo. Kuri njye mbona iterambere ryisoko rya digitale rikura hamwe nuruhare rwa "imibare" kwisi yose no mubice bitandukanye, kandi ibi bibaho vuba. Mu bihe nk'ibi, abayobozi barwanya kurwanya barwanya basaba cyane kugoreka amarushanwa mu masoko ya digitale, kandi twita cyane ku kugenzura imyitwarire y'amasosiyete ya digitale.
Komisiyo irimo gutegura isubiramo ry'umushinga "kurushanwa (antitrust) amabwiriza ku masoko ya digitale." Bizasesengura imyitozo mpuzamahanga yo gushyira mu bikorwa ibiteganywa n'amategeko arwanya ubucuti ku masoko yo kunyerera ku masoko "digitale". Icyerekezo gishya kizigaragazwa mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko amasoko ya digitale no gusubiramo uburyo gakondo bushinzwe kugenzura bushobora kuba bwarakozwe n'ibyifuzo. Turacyari mu ntangiriro y'inzira, none ubu ibibazo byose biganirwaho ninzobere zigihugu cya leta cyigihugu cya leta.
Twasuzumye kandi amasoko amwe na digitale, birashoboka cyane ko kurwanya irushanwa bishobora kuba bihari. Mu masoko nk'iyo ni abacuruzi, kuri sinema, moteri ishakisha, abaterankunga ba tagisi. Muri Werurwe 2021, mu nama hamwe n'abayobozi b'imiryango ya antitonopoli, turateganya gutanga ibisubizo by'ibi bisobanuro kugira ngo dukore iperereza.
- Abahagarariye Komisiyo bashimangira ko ibyo bashyira imbere atari igihano cyo kurenga ku mategeko rusange y'amarushanwa, ariko kubungabunga. Ni izihe ngero zibuza zo kurengera amarushanwa ingirakamaro cyane?
- Nkuko nabivuze, tujya muri byinshi "amabwiriza yoroshye." Turimo gutega ku ngaruka, ariko gushiraho gahunda yo gucunga ibyago kandi tukarinda amahirwe yo kurenga ku mategeko agenga amarushanwa.
Uyu munsi, Komisiyo, hamwe n'inzego z'igihugu z'Abanya EAEU, ifite akazi gakomeye ku iterambere no kunoza ibidukikije bihazanwa mu masoko y'ibicuruzwa bya EAEU, byumwihariko mu kuzamura uburyo bwo kugenzura antitrust. Rimwe mu masezerano nyamukuru, yari amaze kumvikana kandi akubiyemo muri paki nini yo guhindura amasezerano ya EAEEC (kuri ubu, Porotokole ku Ikosora - ED.) Ese intangiriro ya "Amabwiriza yoroshye" Uburyo, ni ukuvuga ko gutanga umuburo ku bijyanye no guhagarika ibikorwa birimo ibimenyetso bishingiye ku mategeko rusange yo guhatanira amarushanwa, no gushyiraho umuburo ku bikorwa bitangwa ku bikorwa by'amarushanwa rusange.
Umuburo uratumiwe gutanga ibyifuzo byo kurenga ku mategeko rusange y'amarushanwa (iyi ni analogue runaka y'Ikigo naganiriye hejuru). Muri iki gihe, imiburo ntizatangwa niba ibimenyetso byo kurwanya amarushanwa (Cartel) cyangwa gushiraho ibiciro byinshi cyangwa bike byamenyekanye. Ntabwo izatangwa mugihe habaye kongera guhungabana mumezi 24.
Twabibutsa ko mugihe cyo kuzuza ikibazo cyo kwirinda umuntu, ntabwo bizakorwaho kandi ikibazo cyo kurenga ku mategeko rusange y'amarushanwa azakorwa, hazakorwa urugero rw'inshingano mu imiterere yo gutanga ihazabu. Muri icyo gihe, niba ikigo cy'ubucuruzi kidasohoza umuburo, Komisiyo izakomeza gusuzuma kandi izakora iperereza.
Ikintu cya kabiri cya "Amabwiriza yoroshye", ubu aratangizwa mumasezerano, ni umuburo. Irashobora gutangwa kumuntu watanze wa dessekject, kimwe nabantu bashingiye ku magambo rusange ku isoko ryateganijwe ku isoko ryatunganijwe ku isoko ryatunganijwe, niba imyitwarire nk'iyi ishobora gutera kurenga ku mategeko rusange y'amarushanwa, kandi hari Ntampamvu yo gukora ibisobanuro byerekana intangiriro yiperereza. Uburyo bwo kwironga buzemeza Komisiyo.
Byongeye kandi, kimwe mu byerekezo nyamukuru by'imirimo yacu ni byiza kurushaho guhatana - ingamba zigamije guteza imbere ibyiza byo guhatana no gusobanura uburyo bwo kugenzura igenamigambi. Mu myaka mike ishize, imyitozo yo gusobanura itunganijwe ku mategeko rusange y'amarushanwa agenga amarushanwa, atanga ibitekerezo n'umuryango w'ubucuruzi by'abanyamuryango ba EAEA. Muri icyo gihe, uburyo butandukanye bwo guhanahana amakuru bukoreshwa: Guhura nubucuruzi, Kumenyesha Itangazamakuru, Kumenyesha Itangazamakuru, gushyira amakuru ku rubuga rwa Komisiyo kuri interineti, ndetse no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, no gusohora ibikoresho byacapwe nibindi.
Uburyo bwiza bwo gukorana hagati ya Komisiyo n'Ubucuruzi bwari inama zisanzwe zo kwakira rubanda rwo guhatanira amarushanwa no kugenga antitonopoly. Muri 2018 na 2019 Twakoze inama zo gusura mu bihugu, twakoze "mu murima", twasobanuye ibibazo by'ibibazo byatewe n'amasoko rusange ku masoko ya EAEU, uburyo bwo gutangaza Komisiyo no gutekereza ku bigo by'isoko kuri Kubaho ibimenyetso byihohoterwa, inzira ziperereza no gusuzuma imanza. Mu myaka yashize, ibigo birenga 850 by'ibihugu bya EAEE byagize uruhare mu murima wakiriye.
Bifitanye isano n'ibibujijwe byinjiye kubera icyorezo cya Pandomic Corvid-19, mu mpera z'Ukuboma 2020, inama yabereye kumurongo: Habayeho umurongo ku muyoboro wa YouTube wa Komisiyo. Ubucuruzi bwabajije ibibazo bikurikiranye kubitekerezo byatangajwe, twasohoye vuba ibisubizo.
Twizeraga, igihe kirageze cyo guhindura ibirori rusange. Turashaka kurema aho dushobora kugisha inama buri gihe mubucuruzi no gukora abanyamategeko, kuganira kubibazo biriho, guteza imbere ibisubizo rusange muburyo bwo kungurana ibitekerezo.
Ubu ni imiterere mishya y "imiryango ifunguye", aho ibibazo byingutu bizaganirwaho nta burezi. Turashaka ko ubucuruzi bukora gahunda zacu. Dushiraho urusobe rwibinyabuzima, aho twubaka imikoranire yabatabishaka: "Platifomu (umutungo wacu wa digitale) - Umuguzi wubucuruzi."
Ihuriro rikora ku ihame rya "Fungura Idirishya: Muri ryo hakoreshejwe kwiyamamariza ku rubuga rwa Komisiyo, binyuze mu kwakirwa mu ruhame cyangwa ku mpapuro zacu zidashobora kuvugana n'abahagarariye abahagarariye ubucuruzi, ariko nabenegihugu y'ibihugu bya EAEE. Ibi bizadufasha kuzirikana igitekerezo cyubucuruzi nabaguzi mubisobanuro byisomo ryacu. Kurugero, kurupapuro rwamarushanwa kurubuga rwa Komisiyo Hariho uburyo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo, aho hariho amahirwe yo kubaza ibibazo bijyanye nibibazo no kubona ibisubizo. Urupapuro kuri Facebook narwo rurimo gukorwa, aho biroroshye gukurikirana ibyabaye, amakuru, amatangazo yibyabaye - "Navigator yubucuruzi Eau".
- Mbere, igitekerezo cyatangarijwe ku ntangiriro yikikoresho cya kamere yubupfura - kubahiriza antittust. Nigute ushobora gusuzuma ibyifuzo byo gukurikira?
- Kuri twe, intangiriro y'Ikigo cya Antitodoly yubahiriza uburenganzira EAEU ni kimwe mubyo ashyira imbere. Ni ngombwa ko ubucuruzi butakuyeho gusa kurenga ku mategeko agenga amarushanwa, ariko kandi yakosoye inzira y'imbere kugira ngo akumire mu kazuza.
Turateganya guteza imbere uburyo bushya bwo kubahiriza gahunda ishingiye kuri sisitemu isanzwe. Muri bibiri mu bihugu bitanu, EAEU iki kigo cyatsinze kandi kigaragaza ibisubizo byiza. Birakenewe gukusanya no gusesengura imyitozo yose yisi yose kandi hashingiwe kubiranga EAEU, kugirango utere imbere ibigo bitera imbere, gushyira mubikorwa, gukora no gusuzuma imikorere yibintu birwanya antimonopole, bisanzwe. Birakenewe kandi kumenya ibisabwa ninzobere zigenga zizasoza umwanzuro kubyerekeye kubahiriza politiki yibanze kubisabwa byashyizweho.
Intangiriro yiki gikorwa izemerera abafite ubucuruzi mugihe gikwiye kugirango bagaragaze ingaruka zidahwitse, bakurikiza ibintu binaniwe kugirango babuze kubaho guho ku mategeko arwanya antitonopolitiki kandi, kugirango agere ku ntego zayo. Habaho gushimangira cyane hano hazaba kuri gahunda ya ba rwiyemezamirimo bigenga kandi, icy'ingenzi, bizahitamo ku bushake ku rwego rwo kumenyekanisha irwanya antitoopoily mu bikorwa byabo.