Gushyira mu gaciro k'umujyi byoroheje cyane umurimo w'abana bo mu rugo, kuko guteka kuri gazi byoroshye kuruta guteka kuri premim cyangwa Kerow. Ihererekanyabubasha rya Boiler na Tpps kumavuta yamakara cyangwa ayo mavuta yazamuye cyane imiterere y'ibidukikije by'akarere.
Kubura kwa Gaza mumiyoboro yo mumijyi bizahita bitera ibyago byumujyi - TPP izahagarika gukora, bivuze ko ubushyuhe n'amashanyarazi bizahagarara, bazagwa mu mpinga zose, gushyushya inyubako bizazimya, ubuzima muri Umujyi uzahagarara.
Ni ayahe mateka yo gushyira mu gaciro kandi ni gute ibikorwa remezo bya gaze byimijyi minini muri iki gihe cyacu?
Muri usssr, yagabanijwe yatangiye mu 1940.
Mu 1942, kubaka umuyoboro wa gazi wa Saratov-Moscou watangiye. Iyi miyoboro ya gaze, 840 km, yarangiye muri Nyakanga 1946. Kubaka L. P. Beria yakurikiranwe, kandi birakabije kuvuga ko gahunda yo kubaka yagaragaye neza kandi ifite ireme cyane. Uyu muyoboro wa gaze watanze miliyoni imwe ya Cubic .
Mu 1944, yatangiye kubakwa, maze mu 1946 umuyoboro wa gaze wa Dashava-Kiev urangiye, watanze gaze karemano mu kubitsa mu burengerazuba bwa Ukraine mu murwa mukuru wa Repubulika. Noneho muri 1950 gukomeza uyu muyoboro wa gaze wubatswe kuri Moscou. Umuyoboro wa gazi watanze metero zigera kuri miliyoni 2 zumwaka.
Kuva mu 1950, gusigwa byakomeje ku muvuduko wihuse. Mu myaka ya za 1960, imigi minini yo muri Ussr yari ihuriweho. Aho Kerog na Prime mu gikoni bafataga amashyiga ya gaze. Umutego wa Kerosene hamwe nigikoni cyagiye, amashyiga ya gaze akora cyane cyane cyane kandi bihamye cyane, kandi itobe ryemerewe gukora amasahani mashya, inkoko yatetse cyangwa inkoko yose.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gushyira mu gaciro bw'imijyi y'Uburusiya muri iki gihe?
Mu myaka 14 ishize, urwego rwo gusimbuka rwiyongereyeho 14% kandi rugera kuri 70.1%, kuva 2005 kugeza 2019 imiyoboro ya gaze zirenga 2000 yubatswe hamwe n'uburebure bwa km zirenga 32.000. Gahunda za leta kugeza 2025 zuzuza 95% yimidugudu yose, ifite ubushobozi bwa tekiniki bwo guhuza.
Inzira uyu munsi ni ibintu byo gukwirakwiza gazi byagutse kandi byubakwa aho, aho bitari mbere, bagaburira gaze mu midugudu n'akarere kakarere. Ariko muri meglopolis mumazu mashya nta gaze, nkuko amashanyarazi mu gikoni.
Guhindura imiyoboro byashyizwe mubikorwa by igitutu, ahantu, ubujyakuzimu hepfo.
Gushyira mu gaciro:
- Imiyoboro minini y'uruke (0.3 kugeza 1.2 MPA) irangwa ningingo zishinzwe kugenzura gake zo mu gitutu ninzego zinganda.
- Ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hagati (hejuru ya 0.005 kuri 0.3 m01) gukomeza sisitemu yo muke, amahugurwa mato n'ibikorwa.
- Imiyoboro mike ya gazi (kugeza 5000 pa) itanga gaze kubaguzi kugiti cyabo.
. 5000 pa = 0.05 kgf / sq. Cm.
Ibibanza byashyizwe ahagaragara:
- hanze cyangwa imbere;
- kugendera ku butaka.
Ibyiciro biri mu burebure bw'imiyoboro ya gaze, ukurikije amabwiriza:
- Mu bihe bya beto cyangwa asfalt ahinduka - byibuze 0.8 m;
- ahantu hamwe "ubutaka" bwambaye ubusa - byibuze 0.9;
- Kugera kuri metero 1.5 - Igikoresho cya gazi cya gaze ya gaze yumye (bitewe nubutaka bwogosha mu gihe cy'itumba - kandi byimbitse);
- Kuva kuri metero 0,6 - mu mijyi, mu gihe kubura ubwikorezi.
Ni ubuhe bubiko bwa gaze karemano?
Gaze rusange yashanguriwe uyu munsi, ububiko bwa gaze karemano bugera kuri tiriyari 18.3. Metero.
Abagera kuri 25% yububiko bwa gaze yisi ni Ikirusiya. Irani afite imitsi 17.09% yububiko, na Qatar - 12.20%. Byongeye kandi na USA, Arabiya Sawudite, Turukimenisitani na UAE.
Nk'uko Opera ya OPEC, 3946.1 miliyari za gaze ku mwaka zikorwa buri mwaka - turacyafite ububiko bwiza. Ariko tekereza kuruta ibi byose birashobora gusimburwa - birakenewe rwose.
Nigute nshobora gusimbuza gaze yakoresheje ingufu? Abavugizi ba Atomic ku rushundura rwihuse? Sitasiyo ya Thermonaclear?
Ejo hazaza azerekana, nubwo nta nzu yubushyuhe kandi ntizwi iyo ari, ariko ababikira mu netsi byihuse, cyane cyane muri iki gihe cyacu, icyo gihe gishobora gufatwa nk'igihe gitunganijwe - basanzwe bubaka. Noneho, Uranium kubatwara, duhita aba inshuro amagana, bizatuma birushaho kwiyongera amashanyarazi.
Hagati aho, kuza mu gikoni, benshi muritwe tujya muri gaze kandi tugahindukira kuri therner guteka saa sita. Ikintu nyamukuru ni gaze mumiyoboro.
Amashanyarazi arashobora kutaba. Ariko rero kuburyo nta gaze - mubyukuri ntakintu nkicyo!
Umwanditsi - Igor Vadimov
Isoko - Sprangzhizni.ru.