Umuyobozi w'ejo hazaza h'isi Proleriat yari afite idini rirenga 30. Kuki yahagaritse ibi?
Joseph Jugashvili, umwangavu usanzwe mu muryango wa Jeworujiya w'umukene wa Jeworujiya, mu 1894 yinjiye mu iseminari yo mu mwuka kandi byabaye ngombwa ko aba umupadiri. Ariko afite imyaka 15 yahuye na Marxism, yinjiye mu matsinda yo mu kuzimu no gutangira kandi atangira ubuzima butandukanye. Kuva icyo gihe, jugashvili batangiye kurushaho "amazina" wenyine. Nyuma yimyaka, amahitamo yahagaritswe kubatsinze - stalin. Iyi nguzanyo izi ibirenze izina ryayo nyaryo; Munsi ye yinjiye mu nkuru ye. Byagenze bite ko Jugashvili yabaye Stalin kandi ni iki cyahimbye izina ryanyuma risobanura iki?
Gakondo
Igituba mu Burusiya cyari gisanzwe kandi gisanzwe, cyane cyane muri simunete desreden hamwe n'ubugororango. Abayoboke b'ishyaka bose na Marxiste bava mu butaka bari benshi muri bo, byatumye bishoboka kwitiranya abapolisi muburyo bukomeye (Lenin, kugira umwe nigice). Byongeye kandi, dukwirakwira imigenzo yo gushira aliase kuva mumazina akoreshwa cyane.
"Byarambuwe gusa n'ikirego cy'ubwenge, byaragaragaye neza kandi, cyane cyane, byashakishije izina ryamateka nyabwo," umuhanga mu by'amateka William Pokhlebkin, "umuhanga mu by'amateka William Pokhlebkin," umuhanga mu by'amateka William Pokhlebkin mu gitabo "Inyamanswa nini". Kurugero, kubandikisha kuri Kongere ya IV-M, ishyaka rya jugashvili ryahisemo Pseudonym Ivanovich (mu izina rya Ivan). Inteme nk'iyi mu izina rya alias ya Vladimir Ulyanova - Lenin (mu izina rya Lena). Kandi abo bayoboke b'ishyaka bafite amazina nyayo, na we yafashe idini - ibikomoka ku zindi zina.
Ahari imigenzo ya kabiri ikomeye yagombaga gukoresha idini rya "zoologiya" - kuva mu masoko y'inyamaswa, inyoni n'amafi. Batowe nabantu bifuzaga byibuze muburyo bwerekana umwijima mwinshi mwizina rya submarine. Hanyuma, inzu hari abantu bo muri Caucase - Jeworujiya, Abanyarumeniya, Azerubayijanis. Bitabarengagije amategeko yubugambanyi kenshi, ahitamo aliase hamwe na Caucase "tint". Koba - Jugashvili yiyitaga kenshi mubirori kugeza 1917. Byari umwiyemerere uzwi cyane nyuma ya Stalin.
Koba
Kuri Jeworujiya, izina Koba ni ryikigereranyo cyane. Mu nzego z'ababihugu birwanyi z'amahanga, Stalin azagira igitekerezo cy'uko yamutije mu izina ry'intwari imwe mu bitabo bya Clavic Classic ya Alexander Kazbegi "Otseukyza". Muri yo, udatinya koba ruva mu mubare w'abahinzi-hustsunces watumye urugamba rwo kwigenga kw'igihugu cyabo. Akiri muto iyi tsinda birashoboka ko ari hafi, ariko igomba kwitondera ko izina rya kob ari ryisumbuye.
Koba ni Jeworujiya ahwanye n'itiriwe Umwami w'Abaperesi Kobadees, yigaruriye mu burasirazuba bwa Jeworujiya mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya VACH maze akora Tbilisi mu murwa mukuru imyaka 1500. Kandi iyi prototype yamateka, nkumuntu wa politiki numunyapolitiki, yafatiye byinshi cyane. Mu magambo yabo harimo ubuzima bwabo.
Ariko, mu 1911, byari ngombwa guhindura ibyingenzi byizina - ibyo bintu byamateka byasabwaga. Ikigaragara ni uko ibikorwa bya Jugashvili byatangiye kure mu karere ka transcaucasian, kwifuza kwe, ndetse n'amashyirahamwe y'ishyaka ry'Abarusiya, Group, na Koba nk'icyiciro cy'ihimbwe cyari cyoroshye muri Caucase gusa. Ururimi ninyamaswa zitandukanye byasabye kuzenguruka ukundi. Bwa mbere, izina rya Stalin, yiyandikishije muri Mutarama 1913 munsi yakazi "Marxism n'Ibibazo by'igihugu".
Staudonym stalunym yaturutse he?
Igisubizo cyiki kibazo kimaze igihe kinini kizwi kuva kera. Mubuzima bwa Stalin, ibintu byose bireba ubuzima bwe, ntibishobora kuba ibiganiro, ubushakashatsi cyangwa hamwe na hypotheses kumuhanga mumateka. Ibyo ari byo "umuyobozi w'abaturage" bireba, yishora mu kigo cya Marxism-Leninism, mu bigize urufatiro rwabo rwashyizwe ahagaragara ibikoresho byashyizwe ahagaragara. Nkako, kugeza igihe Stalin yari muzima, nta bushakashatsi bwari bwo muri ibyo bikoresho. Ndetse na nyuma y'urupfu rwe, igihe kirekire nticyakora iperereza kuri kimwe muri ibyo kubera gucirwaho iteka ry'umuco wa Stalin.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, nyuma ya revolution, mu ntangiriro ya za 1920, ishyaka ryari risanzwe mu bidukikije rivuga ko "Stalin" ari ukuri mu kirusiya cy'abarusiya c'urugamba rwa Jeworujiya y'izina ", bitezwa". Igisubizo cyasaga naho gito. Ni iyi verisiyo yavuzwe inshuro nyinshi mubitabo kuri Stalin, kandi ikibazo cyinkomoko yinkomoko yinyamanswa yafatwaga "yakuweho".
Ariko ibyo byose byaje kuba ibihimbano, cyangwa ahubwo, gusa gutura (no kwibeshya), harimo muba Jeworuji. Mu 1990, umwanditsi wa Jeworujiya-Playway Umwanditsi wahoze ari imfungwa y'ibyatsi bya Stalin Buachidze yanditse kuri iyi ngingo: "" Juga "bisobanura kutavuga kuri" ibyuma ". "Juga" nijambo rya kera rya Ginan cyane hamwe n'umunyamerika w'agateganyo w'Ubuperesi, birashoboka ko ryakwirakwiriye mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwa Irani hejuru ya Jeworujiya, kandi bivuze ko ari izina gusa. Agaciro kamazina menshi ntabwo byahinduwe. Izina nk'izina, kimwe n'Uburusiya Ivan. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Jugashvili bisobanura "umuhungu wa Juga" nta kindi. "
Biragaragara, ku nkomoko y'impande, izina nyaryo rya Stalin ntiryari rifite umubano. Iyo byagaragaye, yatangiye kugaragara kuri verisiyo zitandukanye. Muri bo harimo inkuru ivuga ko Stalin yafashe idini, ashingiye ku mazina ya mugenzi we ku birori na nyirabuja Lydila. Indi verisiyo: Jugashvili yafashe izina rimwe gusa-ahoraho hamwe na lenin yihembwa.
Ariko hypothesis cyane yatorewe numuhangaya muri umuhanga mu by'amateka William Schlebkin, weguriwe uyu murimo w'ubushakashatsi. Kuri we, izina ry'umunyamakuru wigenga Evgeny Stefanovich, umwe mu bamamaji bakomeye b'Abarusiya, umwe mu bamamaji bakomeye b'Abarusiya, umwe mu bamamaji bakomeye b'Abarusiya, umwe mu bamamaji bakomeye b'Abarusiya n'umusemuzi ku banyamahanga. Ikimenyetso cya Stalin cyari cyakundaga cyane kandi rwishimira akazi ka Shota Rustaveli (yizihije isabukuru yimyaka 750 yizihije muri theatre ya Bolshoi. Ariko kubera impamvu runaka, yategetse guhisha umwe mubitabo byiza. Indimi nyinshi yo mu 1889 hamwe n'ubuhinduzi bwa Stalinsky yafashwe muri imurikagurisha, ibisobanuro bya Bibliografiya, ntabwo byavuzwe mu ngingo z'ubuvanganzo.
Umuhanga mu by'amateka asoza agira ati: "Stalin, atanga itegeko ryo guhisha igitabo cya mbere, cyita ku mwanya wa mbere" amayobera "yo guhitamo idini ryabo atazashyirwa ahagaragara." Rero, ndetse na "Ikirusiya" yihembwa yari ifitanye isano rya bugufi na Jeworujiya hamwe nibitekerezo byubusore twibuka jugashvili.
Catherine Sidelshchikov