Mu kiganiro kinini cy'abanyamakuru ku ya 18 Mutarama, Minisitiri w'ububanyi n'amahanga w'Uburusiya Sergei Lavrov yagize ingaruka ku mibanire iri hagati ya Moscou na Beijing, ishaka ubufatanye bwa hafi, harimo na Loni. Muri icyo gihe, muri Minisiteri y'ububanyi n'amahanga cy'Ubushinwa yavuze ko umubano w'ibihugu byombi "wabatijwe na Pindemic nshya maze bahanganira ikizamini." Muri 2021, bizihiza imyaka 20 kuva ikono ku masezerano agezweho ku baturanyi beza, ubucuti n'ubufatanye. Nkuhagarariye Minisiteri y'ububanyi n'amahanga ya Repubulika y'Ubushinwa Hua Chunin, muriki gihe mu mwaka mushya Beijing hagamijwe guteza imbere umubano w'ibihugu byombi "ku ntangiriro nini kandi ku rwego rwimbitse." Ibi bivuze iki kandi mu cyerekezo kizateza imbere imikoranire y'Uburusiya n'Ubushinwa muri 2021, yasesenguye impuguke z'ikigo cy'imyitozo ngororamubiri Vladimir Nezhdan.
Nubwo intangiriro ya 2020 yasezeranijwe ibyifuzo byiza, icyorezo cya Coronabile cyabaye "umukara wirabura", wagize ingaruka ku mpande zose muri politiki y'isi yose muri politiki rusange kandi y'Uburusiya. Icyemezo kirimo kuniga ku gufunga umupaka w'Uburusiya-Igishinwa hamwe n'abaturage ba CNR mu gihe cyo gukomera ku bipimo by'isi ndetse no kugwa mu iterambere ry'ubukungu byateje imbere Ibibazo byubufatanye i Moscou na Beijing. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Uburusiya na Prc byashoboye kubungabunga urwego rwimibanire yagezweho gusa muri uyu mwaka utoroshye, ahubwo rugaragaza kandi gushimangira ubufatanye muri 2021, byagaragaye muri komine ihuriweho nyuma yinama makumyabiri ya makumyabiri na gatanu ishize Abakuru ba guverinoma z'Uburusiya n'Ubushinwa, byabaye ku ya 2 Ukuboza.
Lisansi n'ingufu: vertike nshya
Ubufatanye bw'Uburusiya n'Ubushinwa mu kigo cya lisansi kandi bugenda bugera buhoro buhoro hashyirwaho ingufu z'ingufu mu bihugu byombi. Uyu munsi, ubufatanye bw'ingufu hagati ya Moscou na Beijing buvuga kimwe mu bintu birambye bishobora kumenya guhuza ingufu mu karere kangana na miliyari 200 z'amadolari ku 2024 asunika Uburusiya kugira ngo akoporora ingufu kuri PRC. Ibyiringiro by'ubufatanye bw'ingufu zashyizwe ku nyandiko y'uburusiya n'Ubushinwa "ku iterambere ry'umubano hagati y'ubufatanye bukabije n'imikoranire myiza, binjira mu bihe bishya."Ibikoresho by'ingufu ni 63% by'Uburusiya no mu Bushinwa. Ubufatanye mu ndwara ya peteroli na gaze ikomeje kuba moteri nyamukuru y'ibiganiro by'ingufu z'ibihugu byombi. Kurogereza amavuta mu Burusiya mu Bushinwa byiyongereye kugera kuri miliyoni 1.83 ku munsi guhera ku ya 20 Nzeri zikomeje kuba abatanga amavuta yo mu Bushinwa: Ibikoresho nyamukuru bikomeza kuba muri Arabiya, ibikoresho bya miliyoni 1.9 mu mavuta ya PRC umunsi. Er-riryad irashaka gushimangira umwanya wacyo ku isoko rya peteroli y'Ubushinwa, ibyatanzwe byiyongereyeho 53% ugereranije n'ibipimo bya Kanama. Ariko, ibitumizwa mu mavuta yubugome muri Amerika kugeza mu Bushinwa muri Nzeri byakuze inshuro zirindwi ngarukamwaka.
Birashoboka, muri 2021, PRC izakomeza kongera ibikoresho bya peteroli. Muri Nzeri 2020, Ubushinwa bwatumijwe mu mahanga Amavuta 17.6% ugereranije na 2019, bityo ubwo rero mu Burusiya, amarushanwa yo muri Amerika na Arabiya Sawudite azakura gusa ku isoko rya peteroli.
Amafaranga yohereza mu mahanga mu Bushinwa ku Bushinwa ku muyoboro wa Siberiya wafatiye inyuma ya gahunda. Muri Mutarama, Kanama 2020, Gazprom yajugunywe mu muyoboro wa miliyari 2.3 gusa za gaze, itarenze kimwe cya kabiri cy'ijwi ryateganijwe. Kubera icyorezo, Ubushinwa bwagabanije gukoresha gaze gasanzwe, ariko atangira gushinga amahano y'ejo hazaza, bifata neza bigura gaze ihendutse. Ariko, biragaragara ko Gazprom ibuze ubushobozi muburasirazuba bwa Siberiya kugirango yuzuze amasezerano na PRC.
Ubushinwa kandi buracyahari ku masoko nyamukuru yoherezwa mu mahanga no mu mashanyarazi. Inzitizi nyamukuru mukurazi byatanzwe nintambwe y'ibikorwa remezo bigarukira ku mipaka. Rero, imwe mu mirimo y'ingenzi muri 2021 igomba koroshya kurangiza iyubakwa rya gari ya moshi ya NizhnelelenSoye-Tongjiagn hamwe na Passes, ndetse no guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo byambukiranya imipaka.
Umubano n'Ubukungu: Icyorezo ntabwo arimpamvu yo gutinda
Nubwo icyorezo, ibicuruzwa by'Ubucuruzi bw'Uburusiya muri 2020 bishobora kuvugurura inyandiko umwaka ushize, iyo ubucuruzi muri Moscou na Beijing bwarenze miliyari 110.
Nubwo ubufatanye buri mu rutonde na gaze bikomeje kuba abikennye ry'ubucuruzi bw'Uburusiya-Igishinwa, kugurisha mu magambo y'ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi bigenda bihinduka umushoferi mushya. Mu mezi umunani ya 2020, ibyongereza byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa byiyongereyeho 9% kugeza ku myaka 490.000 mu mwaka wa mbere, no kohereza amafaranga ya soya ari 140% kuri toni 216%. Byongeye kandi, gutanga inyama n'ibicuruzwa biva mu Burusiya mu Bushinwa mu 2020 byiyongereyeho inshuro icyenda, kandi inshuro ebyiri, itangwa ry'inka ry'Uburusiya ryatangiye. Ariko, muri 2021, ikirusiya cyari mu isoko ry'Abashinwa bya Soya n'abakoze ibinyampeke birashobora kugabanuka kubera intangiriro yo kohereza hanze ku munyamazi w'ingano ku bijyanye n'ingano no kuvugwa mu mahanga, Rye, sayiri na ibigori.
Moscou na Beijing bagamije gukomeza kumva umwubatsi muburyo bwo kubara. Mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2020, umugabane w'idolari mu bucuruzi bw'Uburusiya na PRC ryari nko mu 46%, kandi muri 2015 amadorari yigaruriye hafi 90% by'ubucuruzi bw'ibihugu byombi mu Burusiya na PRC. Muri icyo gihe, umugabane wa Euro mu biro bya kabiri bingana na byanditswe mu rwego rwo hejuru - 30%, umugabane wa Yuan ni 17%, kandi umugabane wa Ruble ni 7%.
Ariko, kugeza ubu imibare ya gasutamo ya CNR ivuga kugabanuka nto mu Burusiya-Igishinwa. Nyuma y'amezi icyenda ya 2020, ibicuruzwa by'Uburusiya na Prc byagabanutseho 2% ugereranije nigihe kimwe cya 2019, dukurikije ibisubizo byamezi icumi, ubucuruzi bwerekanye kugabanuka 2,3%. Muri icyo gihe, abashoferi bacuruza bakora nk'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bivuye muri PRC, mu gihe imbaraga zo gutumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa by'Ubushinwa ziguma muri zone mbi. Nubwo yatinze mu buryo butunguranye, mu Kuboza, kwiyongera gusaba abatwara ingufu z'abarusiya byari biteganijwe ko bigomba kuba ishingiro ryo gushinga amateka mashya.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, umurimo w'ingenzi w'Uburusiya muri 2021 uhinduka ibisubizo byo gutandukanya ubucuruzi na PRC.
Imyaka ibiri yabanjirije abasesenguzi yavuze ko abakora ubuhinzi bw'ubuhinzi bw'Uburusiya ku isoko ry'Ubushinwa kubera kwiyongera k'ubucuruzi bivuguruzanya na Washington. Kuza ingufu joe bayiden no kwitegura ubuyobozi bushya bw'Abanyamerika mu mibanire y'ubucuruzi n'ubukungu na Beijing bashimangira gusinya ikarita y'umuhanda ku iterambere ry'umuhanda Uburusiya-Ubushinwa mu bicuruzwa na serivisi kugeza 2024, kimwe no guharanira kunoza imiterere, kumenya ingingo nshya z'ubukungu, kurushaho gukurura ibidukikije mu bucuruzi n'ishoramari. Mu Bushinwa, haragaragaye ko ubufatanye bw'ubucuruzi n'Uburusiya buzatwarwa n'icyiciro cya mbere cy'amasezerano y'ubucuruzi ya PRC na Amerika. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, kurera "umuhanda" bizatera imbere ubucuruzi bwibihugu byombi byahanuwe.
Ubufatanye mu rutonde rwa tekinike rwa gisirikare: Ibyagezweho kandi bigoye
Ubushishozi bw'Uburusiya mu Gushiraho gahunda yo kuburira mu gitero cya misile muri PRC hamwe n'imyitozo ya gisirikare ihuriweho na gahunda ihuriweho n'imyitozo ihuriweho na gahunda zitigeze zibaho mu mashyaka. Mu gutanga prc iterambere ryikoranabuhanga no kwigisha inzobere mu Bushinwa, Uburusiya bushimangira umwanya w'Ubushinwa mu guhangana na Amerika. Ikiranga ubumwe bw'Uburusiya n'Ubushinwa birashobora kuba ko ubwo bufatanye buzaba bugamije kugabanya ingaruka zo gushimangira igitutu cya politiki n'ubukungu bya Washington na Moscou na Beijing.Icyakora, kwivuguruza kubyerekeye gutinda mu gutanga sisitemu ya S-400 mu gihe cyo kwizihiza isabukuru yimyaka 160 na Beijing. Ikindi kintu gishobora gushyira igitutu ku bufatanye bwa gisirikare bw'Aburanyi gishobora kuba misile nshya y'amababa "Brahmos" yo guteza imbere ihuriweho n'Uburusiya n'Ubuhinde. Ubushinwa buhangayikishijwe n'icyifuzo cya Filipine kugira ngo abone amabuye, ahabwa ko Uburusiya bukubiye mu nzira yo gutanga.
Ubundi buryo bwo gushimangira ubufatanye bwa gisirikare hagati ya Moscou na Beiji, bitewe n'impande zose, kubaka impirimbanyi ku buryo, ku ruhande rumwe, no ku rundi, Birashoboka kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo gutandukanya ubufatanye bwa tekiniki n'ibindi bihugu bitangiriyeho umubano w'ibihugu byombi.
Ku rundi ruhande, kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bya 2020 birashobora gufatwa nk'ibicuruzwa by'Uburusiya n'ubushinwa kumenyesha kumenyekanisha nyuma y'imyaka 10. Ibi ntibigaragaza urwego rwo hejuru rwicyizere gusa, ahubwo no kwitegura PRC kugirango ibiganiro bikomeze kugenzura kwisi yose. Kwagura amasezerano hagati ya Moscou na Beijing birashobora kugira ingaruka kubuyobozi bushya bwo muri Amerika kandi bukarushaho guhinduka mubijyanye no kuganira ku kugenzura intwaro.
Icyifuzo cya Beijing cyo gushimangira inkunga ya Moscou ifitanye isano n'impungenge z'umuryango w'ubumwe bw'umunyamerika-u Burayi, ugamije gukumira PRC. By'umwihariko, NATO iragenda ivuga ku iterambere ry'ubushobozi bwa gisirikare bw'Ubushinwa nk'ibanga ry'iterambere no kubaho kw'ubumwe.
Ikibazo nyamukuru - Ibiganiro rusange
Minisiteri y'ububanyi n'amahanga w'Ubushinwa yavuze ko gahunda y'igice cya diplomasi y'Ubushinwa mu 2021 izakomera hamwe n'ubusabane bw'ibikorwa hamwe n'Uburusiya. Icyakora, nubwo byagenze neza mu bwoko bwa politiki, ubukungu n'ubukungu, Uburusiya na PRC, ntibishoboka gushyiraho ibiganiro rusange. Ku rwego rusange, Abarusiya bagumana imyifatire ibiri mu Bushinwa.
Muri Nzeri 2020, Ikigo cyashubije cyasohoye ibisubizo by'ubushakashatsi byerekana ko imyumvire ibiri ya PRC n'abashinwa mu Barusiya. Ku ruhande rumwe, kureba ni uko Ubushinwa bukora inshuti magara y'Uburusiya, 40% by'ababajijwe. Nk'uko iki cyerekezo cyerekana, Ubushinwa bukubiye inyuma ya Biyelorusiya gusa watsinze 58%. Muri icyo gihe, icyerekezo cyerekeranye na PRC kiterwa n'imibavu hagati y'Uburusiya n'iburengerazuba. Noneho, kugeza 2014, nta turenga 24 Abarusiya bari biteguye guhamagara Ubushinwa Ally w'Uburusiya. Ku rwego rwawe, Abarusiya benshi ntibiteguye umubano wa hafi n'abantu bo mu Bushinwa. Abatuye 10% gusa ni bo biteguye kubona abashinwa muri bene wabo cyangwa inshuti. 16% ntibanga abashinwa kuba abaturanyi babo cyangwa abo bakorana. Abarusiya barenze kimwe cya kabiri cy'Abarusiya bahitamo kubika abaturage ba CNR intera ntarengwa ubwabo, bavuga ko bibuza cyangwa babujijwe rwose kwinjira mu Burusiya.
Ku rundi ruhande, ibintu bidafite ishingiro mu Burusiya bushobora kwangiza Ikirusiya Tekereza muri PRC. Muri 2020, Ubushinwa inshuro nyinshi yafunze umupaka n'Uburusiya kugira ngo umutekano worezo, watumye uhagarika no guhagarika ibicuruzwa ku mupaka, cyane cyane mu turere two mu burasirazuba bwa kure. Kwanga gushyiraho ingamba zo mu Burusiya, hamwe no kubungabunga ibintu bibi byo mu bwato, bishobora kuganisha ku kurema ishusho mbi y'igihugu mu mitekerereze rusange. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibi birashobora kuganisha ku ngaruka mbi z'igihe kirekire kubucuruzi bwikirusiya mubushinwa.
Rero, ibibazo byimyumvire rusange bikomeje kuba intege nke zubushinwa-Ubushinwa.
Akaga gakomeye k'ibintu nk'ibi ni ukusanya kwivuguruza bishobora gutuma kwangirika mu mibanire y'ibihugu byombi mu ruhame. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umurimo w'ingenzi kuri Moscou na Beijing muri 2021 birakomeje gukora kugira ngo bashimangire ibiganiro mbwirwaruhame, kugira ngo intsinzi y'ubufatanye igerweho mu bijyanye no gushyikirana ku rwego rwo hejuru ntabwo yabaye ingwate no kwinuba.
Vladimir Nezhdanov, Master of Maternation Yumubano, Ikigo cyinzobere mu Kwifatanya Kwishyira hamwe