Kwemeza umutekano wamakuru nimwe mubikorwa byingenzi byumuryango wa leta cyangwa sosiyete yigenga. Gukora uburyo bwiza kandi bwizewe bwumutekano kandi wizewe ni inzira ifite akamaro kanini kurwanya inyuma yinyuma yo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryamakuru na mudasobwa yubukungu. Intego z'umutekano zamakuru zashyizweho hashingiwe ku mirimo ishyirwa imbere ya sisitemu ya interineti y'umuryango runaka.
Umutekano wa Informents urasobanutse nkibikorwa, bitanga uburinzi bwizewe no kuzigama amakuru, ibikoresho bya tekiniki na software bikoreshwa mugukoresha, kubika, kohereza amakuru yibanga.
Intego nyamukuru yumutekano ni ugushiraho imiterere aho kurinda ubwiza kandi bunoze bwo gutabara cyangwa gutabara bidasanzwe, guhinduka, guhinduka, no mu bundi bwoko bwingaruka kumakuru. Mu nganda zubucuruzi, intego yingenzi yumutekano wamakuru ni ukuzakomeza gukomeza imikorere yubucuruzi.
Amahame Yumutekano Amakuru
Kugirango ugere ku ntego zishyirwa imbere ya sisitemu y'umutekano w'amakuru, ugomba kubahiriza amahame menshi y'ingenzi:- Kuboneka. Amakuru akingiwe agomba kuboneka kubantu bose bafite uburenganzira nububasha. Mugihe utegura urusobe rwibidukikije, birasabwa gukora ibintu bizemerera gutanga inzira idafunguye kandi byoroshye kugirango ugere ku makuru mugihe ari ngombwa kwemererwa.
- Ubunyangamugayo. Kuzigama amakuru ubunyangamugayo nimwe mubikorwa byingenzi byumutekano wamakuru. Kubwibyo, hafi buri gihe kuri sisitemu ya interineti, abakoresha benshi bahabwa amahirwe yo kureba amakuru akingiwe, ariko ntabwo impinduka zabo, gukoporora, gukuraho, nibindi.
- Ibanga. Amakuru yibanga atanga uburyo bwo kubona amasura afite ubutware bukwiye. Abandi bantu ntibashobora kwakira uburyo bwemewe bwo kumenya amakuru akingiwe.
Kugenzura umutekano
Kugirango ugere ku ntego nyamukuru z'umutekano w'amakuru, zitangwa nisomo runaka, birakenewe kugirango sisitemu yuzuye ya sisitemu kandi ikora sisitemu yo interineti. Uyu munsi biramenyerewe gutanga ubwoko butatu bwingenzi bwo kugenzura:
- Umubiri. Mu rwego rwo kugenzura umubiri, ibikoresho byo kubara abakozi, ibikoresho byo kubara, ibikoresho byo murugo no gushyushya, guhinga hamwe no gutoranya umwotsi, gukurikiranwa, gufunga, nibindi).
- Yumvikana. Mugihe utanga ibitekerezo byumvikana, bifatwa ko ukoresha tekiniki igenzura imiterere yo kurengera uburyo bwamakuru. Igenzura ryumvikana ririmo ubwinshi bwibigize: Porogaramu yo kurengera sisitemu yamakuru, ijambo ryibanga, firewall, nibindi.
- Ubuyobozi. Mu rwego rwo kugenzura ubuyobozi bw'umutekano ku butegetsi bwumvikana ko ari ingamba, ibipimo, inzira zemezwa kandi bishyirwa mu bikorwa muri urwo rwego. Iyicwa ryabo igufasha kugera ku mutekano w'amakuru isabwa n'umuryango. Hamwe nubufasha bwabo, imipaka imwe na zimwe zashyizweho, murwego rwubucuruzi nubuyobozi bwabakozi. Icyiciro "Kurwanya Ubuyobozi bw'Umutekano" kandi gikubiyemo kandi ibikorwa by'amategeko n'ibikorwa, byemejwe na Leta, abagenzuzi.
Iterabwoba ry'umutekano w'amakuru
Imwe mu ntego zingenzi zumutekano wamakuru ni ugukuraho iterabwoba. Iterabwoba ry'umutekano w'amakuru rirashobora kugabana igabana mu matsinda atandukanye:
- Technogenic. Iterabwoba ryashinzwe kandi biterwa kubera ibibazo mubicuruzwa bya tekiniki nibicuruzwa birinda. Guhangana kwabo ni ibibazo bikomeye kandi bigoye.
- Anthropogenic. Iterabwoba rituruka mu makosa ya muntu. Iki cyiciro kirimo amakosa nkana kandi atabimenyeshejwe yinjiye numuntu. Utabishaka gushiramo amakosa asanzwe - kurugero, guhagarika gahunda za antivirus yubujiji. Ibibazo bya Anthropogenic birashobora guhanurwa. Birashoboka kandi kubikuraho vuba biterwa n'ingaruka. Amakosa yagenewe ni ibyaha byatanga amakuru.
- Ubwayo. Iterabwoba ryatewe n'amasoko karemano zifite amahirwe yo kwiteganya, kuko kwirinda kwabo kugaragara ko bidashoboka (umuriro, umutingito, uzimya amashanyarazi kubera ibiza, nibindi).
Ni muri urwo rwego, turashobora kuvuga ko ibikorwa byose bya sisitemu bya interineti byagabanijwe hagamijwe gushiraho imiyoboro myiza yitumanaho, kurinda seriveri, kubungabunga umutekano wimirimo yo hanze.
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