Mama Abana batatu baravuga bati: Mu itsinda rito ry'incuke, aho ishami ry'uburezi ryaho ryashyizeho umuhungu we ku rutonde - abana 90. Muri icyo gihe, nta myanya idahwitse mu zindi ntera, kandi agomba gutwara umwana mu mpera y'umujyi, kuva aho yishyuye aho abana bahoraho, kuva ku ishuri aho abana bakuze biga, n'aho Hariho kandi inzangano zuzuye. Umugore ufite ibinezeza byishimishije ko kubera icyorezo, kimwe cya kabiri cyabana basuye! ..
Biratangaje kumva ko kwandura bishobora kubaho imigisha, ariko kwerekana itsinda ryabana byuzuye numurezi umwe na Nanny - ifoto idasanzwe. Kuki mukarere, aho abana 3-5 bo mumuryango - ibisanzwe, ndetse no ku nkunga yuburumbuke bwa leta buriho, ibintu byose ntibitekerezwa kandi bitategurwa? Reka tugerageze kubimenya.
"Ninde wubaka? .."
Ibuka umugambi uva mu karombaga nk '"abapfumu", aho uzerera mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi ugerageza gushaka inzira "Nibyo, ninde wubaka cyane?" Noneho, iki kibanza uyu munsi rwose cyashyizwe mu nyubako nshya za none. Nukuri, ntabwo ukurikije ibisubizo byubwubatsi, ariko ukurikije gahunda yo gutegura imijyi yatekereje.
Bigaragara ko byose bimeze neza: mikorobe nshya mu mujyi, ishuri rishya rifite igitero cyincuke ahantu 1000 - kubaho yego kwishima. Ariko amahugurwa yasezeranijwe muri shift imwe asimburwa namahugurwa muri 2 yahinduwe, amaguru yuzuye, kandi inyubako zo guturamo zikikije imvura nyuma yimvura, kongera abantu - imiryango yabana ikenewe ahantu mu ishuri no mu busitani bw'abana.
Ntabwo ari ibanga ko buri muryango urose mu miryango yayo, kandi nta nzoka zayo zashyize ahagaragara ku bw'inguzanyo, harimo n'uruhare rw'umurwa mukuru w'ababyeyi. Byahoze ari inzu y'abanyamwuga bakiri bato n'imiryango minini bagabanijwe ku ihame ryo kubara no gutanga raporo. Kubwibyo, buri buyobozi bw'akarere bushobora kugenzura vuba abana bose - binyuze mumihanda na quartiers, menya amashuri hamwe nincuke bikenewe. Inzira ya kariyamariya "yasohotse mu koga" gufata icyemezo cyo koga kubuntu, kubaka amazu, bityo rero wige abana bangahe kandi afite imyaka izabera muri mirasiyo runaka, yabaye ikibazo.
Umushinga watsindiye isoko yo kubaka inyubako zo guturamo, kuba inyangamugayo, biracyari ahantu hahagije mu mashuri n'incuke. Birumvikana ko isosiyete yubwubatsi ifite byibuze iteganijwe mugukora ibikorwa remezo. Ariko niho mbere yo gutambuka ikintu mubikorwa, hanyuma - "nubwo ibyatsi bidakuze."
Nibyo, kandi nta bubasha muri sosiyete y'ubwubatsi kugira ngo tumenye ijanisha ry'abadozi bashya - ababaye mu mashuri, abakinnyi, n'ibindi. N'imibare rusange ku kibazo cya demokarasi mu gukemura ibibazo bitandukanye ni urugero rwiza rwo gusezeranya igenamigambi no kubaka ibintu nkibi, amashuri ndetse n'inkumi n'izindi nyungu mu iterambere ry'abakiri bato.
Ni nde uzafata abana?
Biragaragara ko umushinga wigihugu "demokarasi" umaze guteza ibisubizo byiza mu turere dutandukanye (ndetse no ku mateka yagabanutse muri rusange mu gipimo cy'amavuko kubera ikibazo cya 90). Mu rwego rwo gukura bisanzwe:
- Ingushetia - 5.5%;
- Sevastopol - 4.8%;
- Agace ka Lemingrad - 4.7%;
- Repubulika ya Chechen - 4.5%;
- Akarere ka Tyumen - 4%;
- Akarere ka Moscou - 3.6%.
Usibye utwo turere, iterambere ry'abaturage ryizihizwa mu turere 26. Byongeye kandi, ntabwo ari ukubera igipimo cyavukiye gusa, ahubwo no kubera kwimuka (kandi mu bimukira ntabwo ari abana gusa). Urujya n'uruza rw'abaturage rurimo kandi imbaraga nziza ziterambere ryubukungu bw'akarere, ibintu byigihugu ndetse no kwatura. Ariko umubare wurugero rw'abanyeshuri ejo hazaza ku midugudu kugiti cye, utaba umaze kuvuga uturere, hashingiwe kuri aya makuru biragoye kubara.
Nibyo, Rostat ifite ibipimo bimwe byihariye. Kurugero, ukurikije imibare mumyaka 2 ishize:
- Ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bito bya muscoviya, hamwe n'abarimu ibihumbi n'ibihumbi 257.3 bimuriwe mu murwa mukuru (harimo imiryango ifite abana);
- I St. Petersburg, Abarusiya ibihumbi 10.1 bagaragaye, urujya n'uruza rw'abimukira - ibihumbi 106;
- Akarere ka Tyumen - 12.9 na 46.9 abantu ibihumbi, nibindi nibindi.
Ni ukuvuga, imibare ituruka kuri ishobora gusunika kubara umubare wukuri wabana babaho. Kandi, niba abifuzwa, abayobozi ba komini baho barashobora kandi bategekwa kubika inyandiko zabana zikenewe kurema ahantu hagenewe abakozi runaka, ndetse bagategura umutungo w'abakozi ba Pedagogi muri ako gace.
Gusa mubyukuri ntibigaragara nkuko nshaka, kandi ingorane zo kugena umwana wigihangange nishuri haguruka kuva avutse.
Hariho impamvu nyinshi, kandi bose ni intego:
- Nta Minisiteri y'uburezi, cyangwa ubuyobozi bw'inzego z'ibanze ntibyashobora kugira ingaruka ku manza y'ibigo by'ishuri mu ishuri byateye imbere mu 1989, biragaragara ko bikaba bisabwa igihe na demokarasi.
Muri iyo myaka, Nortu yabaye ibisanzwe - imyanya 70 ku bantu 1000 muri microdicer Liction. Dushimangira ko ibyo byari imishinga isanzwe yo gutura amagorofa make, kandi muri 90 yumuryango hamwe nabana 2 nibindi byinshi - Gusenyuka muri leta n'ibibazo byinshi by'ubukungu. Umuryango usanzwe muri iyo myaka - Mama, Papa, nyirakuru, sogokuru n'abaturanyi batagira umwana kumwana.
Imyaka 30 irashize, kandi uyu munsi tuba mu gihugu gifite sisitemu ya capitaliste. N'ibisabwa mu kubaka ibigo by'ingenzi byakomeje kuba bimwe, n'umuyobozi w'ishuri ku ntebe 1000 ukurikije amategeko ategekwa gushyira abana bose ku gace kagenwe, igihe kigeze mu muryango - ibisanzwe.
- Byashobokaga gusaba ibigo byubwubatsi, ariko gusa birashobora guhindura bike: Niba ishuri ritahuye no guswera kuri 2.08.02-29, ryemejwe ninyubako ya leta ya USSR, noneho ntubone igikorwa cya gerril Kandi nyungu, nk'amatwi yabo. Inyungu nyamukuru yuwateye imbere ni ikintu cyihuse cyikintu, hamwe nibiciro bya minimal. Kandi ni bangahe bazatura muri mizima nshya, ntibimushimisha. Amashuri rero n'incuke yubatswe ku mahame yo mu 1989 akikijwe n'uburebure bwa kijyambere. Mu burebure, aho mu nzu imwe gusa bishobora kubaho imiryango irenga 500 hamwe n'abana, kandi muri uru rubanza ishuri ku ntebe 1000 rirakenewe kuri buri nzu 2-3, ntabwo ari inyubako 7-10 24.
- Ababyeyi, nk'uko ibihangano. 67, Amategeko ya federasiyo "ku burezi muri Federasiyo y'Uburusiya", gira uburenganzira bwo guhitamo aho umwana wiga umwana gusa, ahubwo n'abigisha. Mubyukuri, biragaragara ko umuntu yashoboye kwifashisha uburenganzira kandi yahisemo ishuri ryabana babo, naho umuryango uba muntambwe yo kugerwaho nikigo cye mu baturanyi, ugomba gukangura abana imbere yabashakanye y'amasaha kuri "isaha yo gushira» kugira umwanya wo kubajyana mukarere gakurikira, ntabwo buri gihe - munzira yo gukora.
Ahantu hose kurwego rwinyuma rwatsinzwe na sisitemu kubera kudahuza. Nibyo, umushinga wigihugu "Demography" yagaragaye ko yatsinze kandi yashishikarije umuvuduko wabaturage. Ariko abashinzwe uyu mushinga birashoboka ko bibagiwe ko hiyongereyeho kugaragara kwabenegihugu, babikesheje ingamba zafashwe ninkunga yibintu, birakenewe kandi byemeza ko ibintu byabo bihagije byo guhugura.
Ntabwo bishoboka ko umwana wabyutse mugitondo hashize isaha imwe hanyuma akandagira igitondo "yishyuza mu gutwara" hamwe n'ababyeyi be, azitondera ku masomo
Ntabwo ari ngombwa ko ababyeyi bizeye ko nyuma yumwana nyuma yo kuvuka, bizashoboka nta bibazo byinyongera, kugirango bigaragaze mu ishuri ry'incuke n'ishuri kugirango tujye ku kazi. Birakenewe ko mama azohereza umwana mumatsinda aho urutonde rutari abantu 90, kandi ntibarenze 20, rwiyandikishije mu gika cya 1.9. Sanpin 2.4.3049-13, hamwe no mu ngingo ya 159 y'amategeko agenga umurimo ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya (yerekeye gutegura imirimo). Birakenewe ko ababyeyi ba none bangana n'abanyeshuri batajyanyweho batangira ishuri, "murakoze" aho abana babo bo mu ishuri ry'incuke bazitabwaho kubera umurezi.