Ikigo cya Amerika Ikibanza cya Nasa 18 Gashyantare 18.55 Igihe cya Moscowi cyatewe kuri Mars mu karere ka Crater Ezero Rover Kwihangana (Icyongereza - "Kwihangana"). Igikorwa nyamukuru cya rover, ninde wamaze kohereza amafoto yambere yumubumbe kuri Twitter, azaba ashakisha ibimenyetso byubuzima.
UbutumwaIgikorwa nyamukuru cyinshingano za Mars 2020 (Mars 202 Rover Rover), byatangajwe inyuma muri 2012, bizashakishwa ibimenyetso byubuzima kuri iyi si. Umugozi uzakusanya ingero z'amabuye n'ubutaka, hanyuma ubipakiye mu bikoresho bito hejuru ya Mars. Byafashwe ko rover izakora ku isi 687 y'umunsi wa Erensil. Ku butaka, ni ingero zizatanga itegeko rihuriweho ry'ikigo cy'ibibanza by'Uburayi (Esa) na NASA (Mars contle conty conty) giteganijwe kuri 2026-2031.
Usibye gushakisha ibimenyetso bya microbial ubuzima bwa kera hamwe nubujyanama bwicyitegererezo, ubutumwa bugomba gukusanya amakuru ashobora kuba ingirakamaro mugihe kizaza kuri Mars - harimo nakazi. Kwihangana kw'ikoranabuhanga bizaza mu bakozi babi bo mu kirere. Muri bo harimo ikoranabuhanga ryanonosoye ry'ubworozi nyabwo, uburyo bwo gukora ogisijeni bwo muri dioxyde de carbone, gahunda yo gukuraho umukungugu no kwanduza ikirere. Byongeye kandi, abahanga bakoresheje rover bazashakisha amazi yimyanda, biga ikirere, ubutaka nibindi biranga umubumbe uzabyara nigihe kizaza kuri Mars.
Atlas-5 roketi hamwe no kwihangana no kwihangana no kudahangana (Eng. - "Conventivenen") ku bwato bwatangiye mu kigo cya 4120. Mu gihe cy'amezi atandatu, icyogajuru cyagurutse hafi 500 Miliyoni Km.
Kwihangana nicyogataga umwanya wa gatatu wageze muri Mars mukwezi gushize. Mugereranije, ubutumwa bw'Abanyamerika bwa robo ye bwatangiye Uae n'Ubushinwa.
RoverMwaramutse, isi. Nyakanga ubwanjye kurera murugo rwanjye. #Ibihanga. pic.twitter.com/dkm9je9i6x
- Ubuhanga bwa NASA's Mars Rover (@Nasapersevere) 18 Gashyantare 2021
Kwihangana ni imbabazi nini kandi nziza nasa imbabazi za Nasa. Ahanini bishingiye kumatsiko meza kandi bigumaho igice cyibisubizo byababanjirije. Kwihangana kwamazi mubunini biragereranywa nimodoka: nko muri metero 3 z'uburebure, metero 2.7 z'ubugari na metero 2.2 z'uburebure. Hamwe n'uburemere bwa kg 1025 yo kwihangana hafi 126 KG iremereye.
Rover ifite ibikoresho birindwi byubushakashatsi no kugerageza ikoranabuhanga rishya kuri iyi si itukura.
- Mastcam-z ni sisitemu yibyumba hamwe nibisobanuro bya panoramic na stereoscopique hamwe nibishoboka byo gupima. Inzira izakoreshwa no kwiga amabuye y'agaciro hejuru ya Mars.
- Supercam nigikoresho kigufasha kubona amashusho, gusesengura ibigize imiti nubutumwa bwa minerlogiya.
- Pixl - X-ray fluorescent spectrometero ishoboye gukora amashusho yimyanya yo hejuru kugirango ubone ibikoresho byingenzi bya Mars.pixl ibikoresho byo hejuru bya Mars.pixl bituma bishoboka kugirango uhore kandi usesengure ibintu bitangaje no gusesengura ibintu byimiti.
- Sherloc nicyo kimenyetso gikoresha ultraviolet (UV) cya laser kugirango ikarita y'ibice.
- Moxie nicyitegererezo cyubushakashatsi bwibikoresho bizabyara ogisijeni muri dioxyde de carbone ya dioxyde yikirere cya Martian. Iyo intsinzi, tekinoroji ya Moxie irashobora gukoreshwa nibibazo bizaza kuri Mars kugirango isubire ku isi.
- Meda - urutonde rwa sensor zizapima ubushyuhe, umuvuduko nicyerekezo cyumuyaga, igitutu, ubunini nuburyo bugereranije, ubunini nuburyo bwumukungugu.
- Rimfax - yinjira hejuru ya radar kugirango wige imiterere ya geologiya yimyanda yisi.
Kubikorwa bya buri gikoresho nubushakashatsi byerekana ko rover izakorwa abifashijwemo na bo, itsinda ry'abahanga muri za kaminuza zo muri Amerika, Ubufaransa, Espagne na Noruveje ni bo babishinzwe.
Izina ry'umugozi, mu rwego rwo guhatanira kwihariye, ryahaye Umunyeshuri wishuri ryabanyamerika Alexander materia. Irushanwa nk'iryo ryabaye umuco kuri NASA. Kurugero, amazina yabantu umwuka n'amahirwe yatangaga Sophie Kopliz w'imyaka 9, wavukiye muri Siberiya n'umuryango w'Abanyamerika kuva Arizona.
KajugujuguKajugujugu y'iyictopter yoherejwe kuri Mars n'umugozi kugira ngo yerekane indege yo kuzunguruka ibikoresho bya Mars. Ubucucike bwayo bugera kuri 1% yubucucike bwikirere cyisi. Drone yometse kuri rover kandi iri munsi yumupfundikizo. Ntabwo azababara mugihe cyo kugwa.
Abashakashatsi bazagenzura kajugujugu banyuze kuri satelite gusubiramo hamwe na sitasiyo fatizo za kajugujugu ya kajugujugu ya base kuri Mecier. Kugeza ubu, Dron ntabwo yatandukanije no kwihangana, izishyurwa muri sisitemu yo gutanga imbaraga zurutare zifite amashusho ya maradisotoletric ya radiyoelectric hamwe na Plutonium. Nyuma yibyo, bizatangira gukora akazi hamwe nizuba ryizuba.
KugwaKwihangana byashyizwe mu girometero 70 z'ubugari, giherereye mu majyaruguru ya Mars. Ahantu hashize imyaka 3.5 ishize, uruzi rwatembaga mu kiyaga. Abahanga bemeza ko molekile kama nibindi bimenyetso bishobora kubuzima bwa microbial bishobora kubikwa mu ruzi rwa kera.
Mbere yo kwihangana kwarokotse yarokotse "iminota irindwi y'amahano" - igihe cyo kuva mu bice byo hejuru bya themosiphere hejuru yisi itukura. Kugira ngo abikore, yaretse umuvuduko hamwe na cosc ya kabiri (kuri Mars ni ko 20.000 km / h) kumuvuduko w'abanyamaguru. Ubwa mbere, igikoresho cyafunguye parasute, hanyuma isake itandukanijwe ko izarinda ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Hafi yubuso, module yo kugwa yatinze na moteri, hanyuma yamanuye rover kumigozi.
Nyuma yo kugwa, rover yohereje amakadiri ya mbere muri Mars, Nasa yatangaje kuri Twitter. Video yo mu Rugereko rw'Ibisimba izatangazwa ku ya 22 Gashyantare. Nyuma yikindi cyumweru, abashakashatsi bazerekana amakadiri yimikorere yose yo gutera mu gukemura neza.
