Leta yatunganijwe mu butaka bwa Altai bwa mbere yasohotse ibyangombwa mbere yo gukandamizwa mu gihe cy'intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu. Intwari z'Ububiko bwa Ba Archive zari zari zari zari zari zishingiye ku bitaro bya gikomeretse mu bitaro bya gisirikare, bigishije abana, barwanira imbere, imigati ikuze inyuma. Ariko bose bahujwe nuko bakiriye ingengabihe yo mu nkambi z'abakozi cyangwa ndetse no hejuru y'ibihano mu myaka y'intambara - nk'itegeko, kubera ko bagerageza kubaho, tut.by.
"Ndashaka gutaka, hamagara, urire ..."
Umuryango w'inyoni woherejwe muri Siberiya uvuye mu mujyi wa Lida wa Biyelorusiya. Birashoboka ko byaberaga 1939, mugihe iburengerazuba bwa Belato yongeye guhura na BSR. Mu gihe cyo koherezwa, Stanislav na Bronislav Bardovsky hamwe n'abakobwa babiri bari mu mudugudu wa Akarere ka Zimari, aho binjiye mu "minsi cumi n'ibiri y'ukwakira" umurima rusange. Umukobwa wabo Elena icyo gihe cyose yayoboye ikarita, aho yibutse igihugu cye hamwe na Melancholy.
Clena yanditse mu gitabo cye cyanditse mu gitabo cye Elena yanditse mu gitabo cye cyanditse mu gitabo cye cyanditse mu gitabo cye cyanditseho ati: "Ubutunzi bwose bwacukuwe bwatishye kureka. - Kumyaka 20 bakora no gukenera. Ibintu byose byangijwe niyi icyondo mumazu, amafarasi na Sheds. Nyuma yamasaha abiri, abantu bose bari biteguye kugenda, basezeraho kwiheba hamwe na bene wabo. Ba se, nyina n'inzirakarengane bahawe mu maboko y'umwanzi ukaze. Nkuko bigoye kureba igihe cyanyuma nububabare, uburambe no kwiheba ibumoso bwawe, hari. Yoo, Mana yanjye, yaba abibona. "
Berdovsky yari afite umurima ukomeye: bakoresheje hegitari zirenga 30 z'ubutaka, babika ingurube, inka, ibikoresho by'ubuhinzi. Muri Siberiya, nk'uko Elena yaranditse, yaraye mu isakari na bug. Birazwi ko mu 1943 Stanislav Inyonivsky itagikora, kugirango umuryango wagombaga kubaho.
Elena yanditse ati: "Umutima uratsindira cyane ku buryo ashaka gusimbuka mu gituza," Elena yanditse muri diary. - Ndashaka gutaka, guhamagara, kurira no kwiheba. Ariko kubusa - ntamuntu udafite impuhwe gutuza, kuko hano Taiga ni Siberiya. Hano abana bashonje barabajijwe bati: "Mama, umutsima". Hano hari abarwayi kurya ifarashi. Ukwihangana kurangiye, ugomba gupfa. Nta miti, nta mubare. Mu kigo gikomeye, nk'inka, nyuma yo kubabazwa kirekire, inkingi zisinziriye ... zangwa. Yoo, aba banganira! Kandi rero mu mva ituje muri stusps inkingi nyinshi zisanzwe. Ntiyategereje kugaruka iminsi igaragara. "
Ku ya 30 Ukwakira 1943, Stanislav imaze imyaka 70 n'umukobwa we w'imyaka 24 yatawe muri yombi ashinjwa poropagande zirwanya Sovieti. Icyifuzo nyamukuru cyari isi, iyo iperereza ryimuriwe mu Gipolonye. Birashoboka rero, inyandiko akenshi isa nkaho idahwitse. Nkuko byavuzwe mu bikoresho, inyoni "gusebanya ku mibereho y'abantu bakora muri SSSR" kandi "bigabanywa ibitambo by'ahorosora no gusebanya."
Muri Diary, Elena yita "umuyobozi" wa Jenerali Vladislav Siksorsky, nyuma yo gukora muri Polonye yayoboye guverinoma mu buhungiro. Yizeye ko umunsi umwe inkingi zigwa umudendezo, kandi zigaragaza icyaha kuri Usssr.
Ati: "Iki ni igihugu kivugijwe aho abantu bose bababara. Ushonje, umenetse, utizera Imana. Nturizi icyakubaho. Mu munota umwe, nta kintu na kimwe kizagumaho, kandi natwe, inkingi, turaseka. Wazamutse mubiganza byacu, ariko Umwuka ntashobora gusebanya. Ariko reka tujye mu maboko y'intwaro, kandi tuzagaragaza abo turi bo. "
Se n'umukobwa bakatiwe umunsi umwe - 10 Mutarama 1944. Babonye neza kwicira urubanza, babonye imyaka 10 y'inkambi bashishikarizwa ku mutungo no gutsindwa nyuma y'uburenganzira ku myaka 5. Izwi gusa kubyeza bizagenda ko mu 1992 bombi basubiyeyo.
Muri Eva no mu myaka ya mbere y'intambara, abatuye Repubulika y'Abadage, Polonye, Uburengerazuba bwa Ukraine, Ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bwa Ukraine, Uburengerazuba bwa Biyelorusiya na Baltique birukana cyane mu karere ka Altayi. Abategetsi b'Abasoviyeti bizeraga ko abaturage baho bazafatanya n'Abadage, bakerekeza ku baturage b'uturere y'imbere. Dukurikije Ikigo cy'igihugu cya Polonye cyo kwibuka gihugu, nyuma ya 1939, inkingi zigera ku 320 zoherezwa muri Siberiya.
Alna ashakisha inkwi "intera iteye ubwoba yumvise imbwa," ishakisha intera ishakisha ivumbukiriza yinyoni mbere yo koherezwa. - Hariho ibiganiro byinshi mubigo. Iherezo ry'inkingi z'inzirakarengane muri iki gihe zaguye. Ikangurura intwaro mu ntoki, isura yishyamba, nkinyamaswa ikaze. Abana bahatira ababyeyi. Kurira n'induru, ibyifuzo no kwinginga ntibizirikana. Umuntu ahagarara mu muryango, izamu. Undi avuga ikintu, binubira, birashobora kugaragara ko ahangayitse, ukuri kutinya, nta butwari buhagije. Induru ya gatatu nibintu byose bivunika. Induru ya kane, yari yicaye kuri sofa. Fata ibishoboka byose ... "
"Ngwino urebe wenyine"
Mu myaka y'intambara yanditswe na Altayi, ndetse no muri Siberiya, nta nzira ndende ya politiki yari ifite kandi imanza nini. Abategetsi bahagaritse abaturage umwe umwe cyangwa bagerageza guhuza mumatsinda mato. Imwe mu mabwiriza ya politiki yo gukandamiza ni gahunda ya komisser y'abaturage No 227 yayoboye 28 Nyakanga 1942, nk'uko abakozi ba Kanama 1942, bakurikije ibidukikije, ndetse no bigaragara muri "Anti-Anti-Hovitiventin".
Vakerukov yagiye ku ntambara mu mpeshyi 1941. Muri Nzeri 1942, umuyobozi wa 700 Krasnoarmeysky, aho Sibiryak yarwaniye, yahagaze munsi ya Stalialrad. Mu gace ka sitasiyo Bikekka, Platon Pakhukov yakoze ingofero ntoya gufata icyemezo. Umusirikare yimukiye mu musarani mu gihuru cyegereye, agarutse - nta platoni yari ihari. Intwaro isanzwe yatakaje: brush, asiga imbunda, asigaye. Yagiye mu buryo bugaragara ngo ashake ibye, maze ku ya 5 Nzeri, abantu ba NKVD barafashwe.
Mu bintu, umusirikare yabonye agatabo gasanzwe ko Abadage batanzwe mu karere kagenzurwa n'ingabo z'Abasoviyeti. Bahamagaye abenegihugu kandi bakuracururirira kugenda.
"Ahantu hashingiwe n'Abadage, abaturage b'abasivili bakora bati:" Abaturage b'abasivili bakora batindi. Umuntu wese afite igihugu cye akabitunganya. Ngwino ukirebe, "ikibabi kivuga.
Hamwe na we, Pakhaukova yari afite pasiporo, yatanze uwatanze agapapuro uburenganzira bwo kujya ku Badage. Umusirikare yashinjwaga kubungabunga inzandiko za SEbasist maze arasa nyuma y'iminsi ibiri ifashwe.
- Amadozi nk'abo yari kenshi cyane mu basirikare bacu kuko bari batatanye n'indege. Abasirikare barabarera bakoresha intego zo murugo: Kurugero, nkimpapuro zo kunywa itabi. Abazi gusoma, bafata udupapuro kugirango bakoreshe impapuro mugihe bandika amabaruwa abavandimwe. Porotokole ibazwa yavuze ko Vmité dmitrievich yakoresheje agatabo kubikorwa byo murugo. Yashinjwaga kandi inyuma yikipe ye. Mubyukuri, yari amezi ye ya mbere ya serivisi, yazimiye, yatakaye kandi ashakisha ikipe ye iminsi myinshi. Ariko imyanzuro yashyizwe mu bikorwa, "yavuze ku buyobozi bwa Leta ya Altai Darina Shorin.
Mu Kwakira 1942, abakozi ba Nkvd babajije umuyobozi w'ikigo cya 4 cyatatatari yo gukora umuhanda wa 74 z'umuhanda w'ingabo za 54 za Nikolai Kanakov. Mu kubazwa, yavuze ko yashyikirijwe Serija Dariman, na we, avuye ku muntu wo mu bafatanyabikorwa. Aya makuru yari iyo platoon yose igizwe n'abarwanyi ba Ukraine yimutse kuruhande rwabadage. Mu nzira yerekeza mu komambere wa Platon wa kera yinjiye mu mahugurwa y'inkweto avuga ati: "Noneho njya muri Ukraine." Nikolai Kanakova yakatiwe igikambo cy'imyaka 10 kugira ngo "asingiza imbaraga z'umwanzi." Mu 1946, igihano cyoroshye kugeza ku myaka 4.
Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1942, ababajije batangiye kurasa cyane cyane: igihugu cyatwaye igihombo kinini, umutungo, harimo n'abantu, ukiruka, nuko abantu boherezwa mu nkambi.
- Ubugome bw'igihano ntibuhagaritswe, kubera ko umurimo wo mu nkambi ushinzwe gukosora, abantu benshi barapfuye, abantu bose barapfuye, kubera ko bose bakatirwa, kubera ko bakora ubukonje mu mbeho, uburemere. Daun shorin agira ati: Bamwe bakuze - ntabwo byari ibintu byo kugabanya igihano.
Kapiteni wa serivisi z'ubuvuzi Vasily Panfilov yakoraga mu bitaro byo mu murima kugira ngo byoroshye-kugenda hashingiwe ku ngabo z'abakozi ba 49. Yatawe muri yombi muri Mutarama 1944. Mu cyemezo cy'Ubushakashatsi cyamamaye ku ya 19 Gicurasi 1944, byavuzwe ko umuganga w'ingabo yakoreye mu gisirikare kuva 1919 (yarangije muri kaminuza y'ubuvuzi i Tomsk, hanyuma agera kuri Altai), ariko kuva WCP (B) yasohotse Kubera "anti-anti-Abanyasomeri ku buyobozi uruhare rw'ishyaka rya politiki." Panfilova yamaganwe kubera ibiganiro n'abandi bakozi b'ibitaro.
Ati: "... yagaragaje ubwoko bwose bwo kurwanya imiryango irwanya mu Busoni n'Abanyakoniteniya, abagize guverinoma y'Abasoviyeti, abayoboke ba kosati, itegeko ry'Abasoviyeti na muri rusange, ukuri k'umusovu n'ubuzima mu bihe byaturutseho. Inyandiko ivuga icyarimwe, yashimye umwanzi w'abaturage ba Trotsky na Vandala Hitler hamwe n'agatsiko ke kwa Fashiste. "
Urubanza rwa panfilova rwubatswe neza ku Bahamya. Yakiriye imyaka 10 y'inkambi, maze mu 1974 Collecgium ya gisirikare ya gisirikare yakuyeho igihano kubera kubura icyaha. Nk'uko byatangajwe na Darina Shorinina, umuganga wa gisirikare wababajwe ku kuba yararakaye kubera kubura ibitambaro n'imiti, kandi kandi yatekereje ku cyemezo kitari cyo cyinshingano za guverinoma no kuva aho imirimo.
"Imbaraga nziza z'Abasoviyeti, ariko abantu banduye"
Abahohotewe mu gukandamizwa mu karere ka Altayi mu myaka y'intambara babaye abaregwaga ku gihano cy'umurimo, gusenyuka kwa gahunda yo kumena imigati cyangwa guhisha ingano. Ugushyingo 1941, abatuye umudugudu wa UST-Kampansky bateraniye ku nzu ya kolkhoznika Vidhevayev kugira ngo baganire ku buryo bwiza bwo guhisha ingano muri Leta. Nkuko byavuzwe mu buhamya bw'umuyobozi w'umurima rusange witwa Kanovich Anna Slarina, bahisemo kutagira ingano zo muri rusange, ahubwo bahishe mu myanda ngo bashuke. Spirina ntiyarasa, asimbuza igihano cy'imyaka 10 mu nkambi no gutsindwa nyuma y'uburenganzira ku myaka 5.
Dahorin agira ati: "Umwanya w'umurima w'imirima rusange wari uteye akaga mu myaka y'intambara," Darina Shorin. - Kuberako imirima rusange yagombaga gutanga imigati imbere, rimwe na rimwe ibangamira ubwabo, kandi byaragoye gukora. Abagabo bose bari imbere.
Umuhinzi Kuzma Nikiforov yari agiye kurasa, kuko nta myenda y'itumba yari afite. Kubera iyo mpamvu, nikimers ntishobora kujya kukazi.
- Urukiko ntirwigeze nkamenya ubusamarane, kutamenya gusoma no kutamenya no kumbuza ubuzima. Ndagusaba kubahiriza ubuzima bwanjye, kuko mpangayikishijwe n'ubuzima bwanjye bwose n'ubunyangamugayo. " Nyuma y'ubu bujurire, Urukiko rwasimbuye igihano mu gihe runaka mu nkambi.
Usibye "mu bukungu" kandi mu bibazo bya politiki gusa. Umuyobozi w'ishuri ryibanze ryamashuri. N. K. Krupaskaya yamaganye ko yabajije muri Diyosezi ya Tomsk uruhushya rwo kugarura itorero mu mudugudu wa Novotekino.
- Biragoye kuzana umuntu wumusovu wari ushyigikiye imbaraga. Yashinjwaga ibisazi - uburyo bwo kubiha igihe nk'iki cyo kumenya! - asobanura shorin.
Muri imwe mu mabaruwa kugera imbere, umuhungu wa Sonly silvernikov asaba ubufasha, kubera ko abo bayobozi bemerewe gusarura inkwi, kandi abahanyi bo mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Leningrad, aho ifeza yashyizwe ku nyungu.
"Ntibishoboka kubaho gutya. Imbaraga nziza z'Abasoviyeti, ariko abantu baranduye. Abantu mu mwanya ni amapaki. Ariko kugirango ugabanye ibicuruzwa biracyari yego ko ari ngombwa imbere, ahubwo ni inkwi, km 12, bityo birakaze, bityo rero biteye isoni. "
- Nyuma yo gutangiza urubanza rw'inshinjabyaha, umugore yavuye kuri we. " - Ibi binyuzwe nibikorwa kenshi mumiryango abanyamuryango bafite batotezwa. Abantu bagombaga gutandukana kugirango abandi bagize umuryango bazagira umutekano. Umugore wa Serebrennikov ntiyashoboraga kuba mu mudugudu, kugira ngo amufashe nta muntu, nuko aragenda. Alexey Petrovich ubwe yakatiwe igiti, ariko bararekuwe hakiri kare hanyuma bagatsindishirizwa - mu myaka ya za 1960.
Urubanza rw'umwaka w'imyaka 29 wa Barnaul Anna Nuretova rwabaye umwe muri bake bashoje icyaha kidafite umugambi. Amahugurwa y'ikinamico y'uruganda runini rwafashwe muri Nyakanga 1942 ku kwamagana abaturanyi. Babwiye ko umugore yanze kumanika hejuru yigitanda cya Nikita Khrushchev arayimena. Kandi nubwo muri 1941, Nevpotaya yari agizwe n'igihano cy'amezi 4 yo gutinda ku munota 45, iki gihe yabonaga ko uwo mugore asangiwe kandi afunga uru rubanza.
Abanyeshuri ba Barnaul Pedan Zaitsev yakiriye imyaka 7 yinkambi kuba yararakaye namafaranga y'amahugurwa.
- Noneho abana b'Abakomuni bonyine ni bo baziga kandi babaho cyane. Ariko fata nkanjye. Sinshobora gukomeza kwiga, kuko turi babiri, ariko nta mafaranga yo kwiga. "Zaitsev mu kubazwa." Nyuma, Abatangabuhamya babwiwe ko muri hostel yaririmbye kurwanya anti-soviet chastushki, gusebanya, kugira ngo "abahinzi basangiye bicaye n'inzara," kandi Leta ifata imigati yose.
Mumurikagurisha muri leta ya reta ya Leta ya Altayi, inyandiko zigera kuri 80 zitangwa. Umubare munini w'imanza zatangijwe mu ngingo ya 58-10 y'amategeko ahana ya RSFR kuri poropagande irwanya Sovieti.
Dahorin agira ati: "Ingingo ya 58-10 yaguye hafi ya byose, cyane cyane amagambo." - Interuro zari zisanzwe, ariko imyirondoro, amafoto yabantu, inkuru zabo bwite - ntizisubirwamo. Turashobora kubona gusa urugero rwo gukandamizwa kwa politiki, ariko ntamuntu numwe uzi umubare wahagaritswe. Abantu benshi basubijwe inyuma: mu myaka ya za 1960, inzira yo gusoza no guhagarika imanza zatangiye, gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe - mu myaka ya za 90. Birumvikana ko umuntu atagarutse, ariko byari ngombwa, kuko bene wabo bigoye kubana nk'indabyo. Ntibishoboka kumenyera inkuru nkizo. Tut.by.