Ukuboza 2020 hashize imyaka 145 kuva umuntu umwe mu bahanzi nyamwite n'abahanzi bo mu Burusiya - Vladimir evgrafovich tatlin. Umuhanzi, Masters y'ibikoresho bya muzika, umwubatsi, umuhanzi wa Teatical, umwe mu bashinze igishushanyo mbonera, umwarimu, uwahimbye ...
Biragoye kubona agace k'ubuhanzi bwiza, aho tatlin itagaragara neza kandi nziza. Ku giti cyanjye, mfite igereranya na da vinci. Kandi ibi ntabwo gukabya, kandi birashoboka ko atari ugukabya kwose.
V. E. Tatlin - Urugero rwa "Renaissance y'abantu", rwishwe, bisa naho ari ibintu byose. Nibyo, hamwe nigihembwe cya mbere cyikinyejana cya makumyabiri ubwacyo nigihe kitagira impinduka zikomeye mubitekerezo, impinduka mbonezamubano hamwe nuburyo bwiza cyane mubuhanzi. Kandi tatlin ihuye neza nibihe bye. Byongeye kandi, arakora, mumbabarire kubikorwa bya tautolologiya, ku isonga mu kirusiya, hanyuma rero avanti-gava ...
Rubanda rusanzwe ntibashishikajwe n'amateka y'ubuhanzi, izina ryuyu muntu ufite impano ntirizwi. Hagati aho, Tatlin ni umwe mu bashinze igishushanyo mbonera cy'inganda. Yatangiye gakondo kubamugaye-abarima - ninyungu.
Intwari yacu yavutse mu 1885 n'ubuhanga bwambere bwubuhanzi bwakiriwe mu ishuri ryukuri bwa Kharkov mu ishuri ryukuri rya Kharkov mubana.
Hanyuma, adafite urugendo mu rugo, yahawe akazi mu bwato. Nyuma, Vladimir azarangiza ishuri rya Odessa ryo gucuruza no gukunda inyanja bizahanagura mubuzima bwe. Hamwe no gukunda umuziki nubuhanzi bugaragara.
Ariko twiga mumashuri yubuhanzi, Tatlin ntiyagaragaye cyane.
Umwaka mu ishuri rya Moscou yo gushushanya, biteye ubwoba kandi ubwubatsi; Imyaka ibiri mu ishuri rya Odessa ryo kuyobora ubucuruzi. Kubera iki?
Birasa nkaho byacitse intege mu gisera. Birasa nkaho Vladimir yinangiye yashakaga kwandika muburyo bwe, ntabwo aribwo yigishijwe. Nubwo Korovin na Serov bari mubajyanama be, muri kiriya gihe abahanzi bateye imbere. Korovin - Umunyamakuru wa mbere wu Burusiya; Nibyiza, kandi valentin serov birashoboka ko arimwe mubahanzi beza b'Abarusiya.
Ariko tatlin, birasa, byikunda ndetse ninzira nshya, zicalti. Kandi ntibishoboka kuvuga ko ari wenyine ...
Amaherezo, mu 1905 yinjira kandi mu myaka ya za 1910 arangiza ishuri rya Penza. Muri iki gihe, umuhanzi wa Novice, uzimya Moscou, ahura na Mikhail larionov, umwe mu babanza kandi munini.
Kandi umaze mu 1909, babanze barekuwe muri salon y'ikinyamakuru "ubwoya bwa zahabu", byakomeje umuco w'isi "isi ya Sergey Dyagilev.
Noneho igice cya lariyari kandi cyegerana na malevich. Nyuma yigihe runaka, ararira hamwe nawe ... birasa nkaho ibintu byose bikomeje kugira ingaruka kumico imwe.
Malevich Tatlin azahuza umubano hagati yo guhangana nubucuti, akwiriye ingingo zitandukanye. Byombi byari abahanga bidasanzwe, kandi buriwese yateje imbere icyerekezo cye cyukuntu ubuhanzi bugezweho bugomba kuba. Bavuze uburyo tatlin yigeze gukuramo intebe kuri quablevich, itanga ibyo kwicara ku "ibara." "
Mubyukuri, ba shebuja bombi banyuze mubyerekezo bitandukanye.
- Malevich yazamuye Pusreatism, imvugo ntarengwa yari "umukara kare" yamenyekanye "icyarimwe hamwe nambukiranya umukara n" umukara ". Muri rusange, ibi byitwa. Gushushanya ibishushanyo, ubuhanzi butagira ubuntu.
- Tatlin nayo atangira gukorana ninzego zububiko bwimiterere, yita "ingamba zifatika", "amashusho meza" kandi biturutse kuri gahunda yo gutabarwa. Ibikorwa birenze "ingingo" ndetse biragaragara.
Mu 1914, yisanga mu gufata ingamba no kugabanuka kw'inganda muri Berlin, aho ikora ... impumyi zimyuka. Ni ukuvuga, kuririmba munsi ya banduur hamwe n'amaso ye.
Ku mafaranga yinjije ajya i Paris, aho aziranye na picasso. Niba yaramutumiye ngo akine murugo, cyangwa Tatlin yampaye igitero Cyiza - gikomeza kuba umugani. Kuba Tatlin yasuye Picasso maze atambika imirimo ye nshya.
Sobanura: Picasso muriki gihe - ishusho ya Avant-Avant-abarozi ni hafi.
Nibyiza, kandi tatlin ni ibanga, ariko kumenyana nibikorwa bishya bya picasso bihagije kugirango uhindure kwerekana icyerekezo cyo gushakisha. Ubu ni uko agenda ava mu gushushanya kugera ku bihimbano. Biragaragara ko batagomba gushushanya, ariko bakusanya mubikoresho bitandukanye. Igishushanyo.
Birashoboka ko hano inkomoko yigihe kizaza. Ndetse birenze kimwe. Umuhanzi wa Novice kunshuro yambere atanga ibihimbano byuruhu, icyuma, ibiti, ikirahure, plaster. Rimwe na rimwe byukuri kubateranya mubice byibintu byo murugo. Kuva muri ako kanya, ibikoresho n'ikintu cyubuhanzi birashobora guhinduka ikintu cyose.
Alerpoles na Suprematism, imvugo ikabije, ku ruhande rumwe, "impinduka ku buntu", ku rundi - yashimangiye "ingingo igaragara igaragara icyarimwe. Byongeye kandi, tatlin yerekana abumviriza ar'inguni aho imurikagurisha ku "njyambere ya nyuma", izwi ku nshuro ya mbere, "ikibanza cy'umukara".
Ariko icyamamare cyose giteye isoni; Nubwo ubu noneho Uburusiya Avant-Garezi yashimiwe cyane kandi harimo no gusuzumwa cyane; Mugihe aricyo cyonyine mubuhanzi bwu Burusiya, mugihe abahanzi bacu bagendaga mumirongo yambere yubuhanzi bwisi - icyo gihe bwari bundi bushya, ntabwo bwamenyekanye nubuhanzi.
Kandi bidatinze, impinduramatwara iha icyatsi kugera ku buhinzi bwa Avanti. Igihugu gishya gikenera ibihangano bishya. Kandi bimaze mu 1918, akazi ka Malevich na Tatlin muri Komisiyo ku kurengera indangagaciro z'ubuhanzi. By'umwihariko, ni umwe mu batageragejwe byo gushyiraho inzu ndangamurage y'umuco mwiza cyane i Moscou. Ninkaho inzu ndangamurage yubuhanzi bugezweho.
Kuri Avant-gazes, igihe cyo kuba mwiza cyane. Bizahoraho igihe kirekire, ariko ntamuntu ubizi. Kandi tatlin izashobora kurangiza gukoresha amahirwe.
Atangira mu 1919 n'umushinga w'ubunzi ruzwi III y'amahanga mpuzamahanga, cyangwa tattle. Iki gihe kirangiye kuri tatlin mu ntangiriro ya 1930, nta mushinga udasanzwe ".
Muri kiriya gihe, umuhanzi yigisha muri peteroli yuburezi bwa petrograpp hamwe namahugurwa yubuhanzi (PGSUHMM, ejo hazaza hhuv. Hano ayoboye inzira y'akazi hamwe nibikoresho, guteza imbere umuntu wabonetse nigice cyabonetse mu myaka mirongo ishize ingingo yibintu bifatika, bifatika, ibikoresho byubuhanzi.
Akora nk'imyenda n'amasahani. Kurugero, amahugurwa ye arimo gukura amajwi kubibazo byingorane, yigana imiterere karemano yibere hamwe nibindi masahani yuburyo bwa ergonomic.
Gukora icyitegererezo cy'urugendo rugezweho ", rugenda mu cyerekezo kimwe hamwe n'abishushanya mu kigo cya kabiri cy'iburayi cy'ubuhanzi bwa none - Bauhaus.
Hanyuma, mubyukuri, itanga kubaka nkigitekerezo. Tatlin ubwe yateguye inyubako imwe gusa - Umunara wa III wo mu mahanga. Mu myaka mike, mu 1925, OSA (Imitunganyirize yububiko bugezweho) iraremwa, guhuza abubatsi byubaka.
Kandi mubanyeshuri ba Vladimir evgrafovich, birumvikana, abubatsi b'ejo hazaza. Izina rimwe gusa: Leonid Pavlov, urangije imyaka yashize ya Vhutein, nyuma - Ikibanza kinini cy'abasoviyeti-minishi, mu mishinga myinshi yanze ibitekerezo byavuwe na Tatlin.
Mu 1932, yakiriye izina ryumukozi wubahwa wa RSFSR, kandi icyarimwe arangiza akazi kuri "setttlin". Kandi nibyo.
Vuba cyane tatlin, kimwe nabandi bantu bahanganye, ntibikenewe. Igihugu cyongeye guhinduka. By'umwihariko, kurwanya "igihangano", uregwa Tatlin. Ubusa butandukanye bwubuhanzi bujya mubihe byashize. Noneho muri ubwubatsi buhinduka ar-deco, ariko nyuma gato - uburyo bwa kera; Mu gushushanya no gushushanya, ibintu byose bimura imico.
Gushushanya imibereho myiza ni byiza, ariko ... ariko birababaje kubera politiki, yagumye aribwo buryo bwonyine bwo mu Busomvugo. Ndetse imiterere nk'izo nka rodchenko, Tatlin, Melnikov, Leonidov, Doonidov, muri rusange, muri rusange, watoranijwe mu myitozo ikora.
Kandi. Mu 1935, Malevich arapfa, aho Tatlin ahuza ingabo nyinshi zidasanzwe.
Ku ya 20, ntabwo ari impano ihishurwa gusa, ahubwo ni nanone kamere igoye yuwashinze kubaka. Rero, ibimenyetso bye bya paranoide birenze urugero: ubwoba, nkaho abanywanyi batibye ibitekerezo bye. Ngomba kuvuga nti: Ntabwo ari umwe. Umusore umwe wahishe imyiteguro yitonze kugirango imurikabikorwa "0.10", aho igipimo cya mbere cyasohotse bwa mbere. Birakenewe gutera shampiyona yawe!
Tatlin yageze ku kazi karakaye cyane hamwe n'ibinyabuzima byanditse cyane ku bwoko "Abanyeshuri ba Malevich ntibyemewe!" Ku bwinjiriro bw'imurikagurisha.
Byongeye kandi, kuba mumeze neza, yasuye amarumbi ku mwanzi we yarahiye yerekanye ... Kandi igihe umwe mu banyeshuri Malevich yavuze ko umwotsi uvuza, kubyumva, wumvise: "Noneho ntabwo ari iduka rizima, ni umuhanzi! "
Ni iki kigirana na Malevich? Ibi ntibirenze ibitekerezo, ariko birashoboka ko guhangana kwabo kwamatanya kuri bose gushakisha bushya. Birazwi ko mu gihe cyo gushyingura Malevich, yashisweguwe, areba isanduku ati: "Kwiyitirira!" Ntukavuge buri gihe nyuma yiyi Tatlin ararira. Malevich yavuye muri Epoch ...
Ibyo ari byo byose, nyuma y'icyo gihe, Tatlin ntabwo yaremye ikintu cy'impinduramatwara.
Muri rusange bihatirwa kugwa mubuzima bukora. Ibintu bisa nkaho byahujwe kubwimpanuka nyuma yintambara, kimwe cyamuzwi kuri we, kiratangara: "Tatlin? Akiri muzima? "
Kandi ni muzima. Ndetse n'imirimo. Kubaho kubintu ukeneye. Ashushanya ahanini kuri we, kandi ni ugushushanya gakondo (ntukibagirwe, aba umuhanzi urangije kandi umwigisha wo gushushanya!).
Imwe mu mirimo ye iheruka ni Veitas, ikigereranyo cyo kubaho k'ubuzima.
Ubuhanga, tatlin ikora numuhanzi wo gucukura ikinamico. By'umwihariko, muri MKATE. Hariho inkuru yukuntu yigeze kurema ibintu bitangaje ubushyuhe bwo mu majyepfo: binyuze mu biti binini cyane byohereje imitako ikomeye ya sofit, yaguye mu kintu gifite amazi. Aho urumuri rwinjije mu mibura y'izuba.
Yari nkuko byari bimeze, kandi akomeza kuba umutware wibisubizo byumwimerere. Reka no ubu bashyizwe mubikorwa kuri stage gusa.
Ariko hano yigeze kuba umupayiniya. Mu 1911, Tatlin Ihererekanyabubasha ryambere kuri Sceting Avant-Galite irashushanya, ikora imyambarire hamwe na scar mcsemyan na umuhungu we mwiza Adolf. "
Byongeye kandi, mu 1923, Tatlin ashyira umugani wa Zange velymira Khlebnikov kandi akora inshingano nyamukuru. Nibyiza, mumyaka icumi, theatre ikomeza kuba umuturage wonyine wo gushyira mubikorwa umutungo we. Ubu ni amakuba atagabanijwe yimiterere yo guhanga.
Kandi na none ibiranga: Noneho imyaka ikomeye ya da Vinci ikomeye noneho itegura imyaka myinshi, itegura imyaka myinshi, ishyireho, ibikorwa byubuhanga itanga ... ibiruhuko byurukiko hamwe nibindi bikorwa rusange bya Duke ya Milan. Ugomba kwibeshaho ...
Birasa nkaho tatlin gusa ikora neza numuhanzi: Umutwe na brigade ituma inyungu za kaminuza ya leta ya Moscou.
Kandi birumvikana ko bandura. Arabikora wenyine, akora kugeza ku minsi yanyuma yubuzima.
Umurage wa Vladimir evgrafovich nubusobanuro bwibyo yakoze, byatangiye kuvugurura nyuma. Ibyo ari byo byose, mu gihugu. Umwe mu bashinze igishushanyo ntabwo ari abasoviyeti gusa, ahubwo no ku isi, icyo gihe no gukora.
Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, uwahoze ari umunyeshuri, wahoze ari umunyeshuri, Leonid Pavlov, amenya amahame amwe amaze kuvuza na Tatlin muri Vhutein, muri Kinini, mu mishinga nkuru ya sovieti.
Ahari umunara wa III wo mumahanga azaba yubatswe? Nk'urwibutso nyamukuru rw'Umuremyi wacyo hamwe n'ubukomunisiti bwatsinze, bwigeze bweguriwe.
Umwanditsi - Alexander Smirnov
Isoko - Sprangzhizni.ru.