Mu kiganiro cye cyasohotse ku nyamaswa ya MDPI, itsinda ry'abanditsi bo muri kaminuza ya kaminuza kandi ya farumasi.
"Gufata amatungo y'inyamaswa n'amatungo yabo ku kubaga bivuga igikoresho cyakoreshejwe cyane cyo kugenzura amatungo kandi gikoreshwa igihe kirekire kuruta.
Intego nyamukuru yubugenzuzi ni ukumenya inyamaswa inyama ningingo zidakwiriye kurya, kandi zikabatandukanya ninyamaswa.
Ariko, ubugenzuzi bwamatungo nabwo bifite akamaro gakomeye duhereye kubitekerezo bya epinatologiya nibizamini byubuzima bwinyamaswa zubuhinzi.
Kugeza ubu, ubushobozi bwo kugenzura amatungo mukumenya no kwerekana imibereho myiza yinyamaswa zometse nkikibazo cyihutirwa nikintu kitarasuzumwa neza kandi kigakomeza gukoreshwa neza kandi nticyakoreshwa bihagije.
Kuba inyamaswa zose zibiri zigomba kugafatamo amatungo, bituma iyicwa ryibintu byiza kugirango ukusanye amakuru yuzuye. Ibi bitanga amahirwe adasanzwe yo kunoza ingaruka zubuzima zombi haba mubitekerezo ninyamaswa, ndetse no gukurikirana neza imibereho myiza yinyamaswa zometse.
Ibipimo byerekana imibereho myiza, bishobora kurangizwa kumiterere yumubiri yinkwavu, biroroshye cyane kandi hakurikiraho neza mugihe cyo kwiga pato-umurambo kuruta ku nyamaswa nzima kuruta inyamaswa.
Mbere ya byose, ireba ibikomere bitandukanye, gukomeretsa, gushushanya, ibibi na dermatitis. Amakuru nkaya nisoko yamakuru kumiterere yiganje mugihe cyo gutwara inkwavu kubaga (gukomeretsa bikabije) no mu murima udakira).
Kubaho kw'imvune mbi birahamya urwego rw'imibereho mugihe cyo gutwara abantu, ibikubiye kumupfayongo, biratangaje no kubaga. Inshuro zose ziyongera nuburemere bwimbibi nkizo bihamya imyitwarire idahwitse kubatwara cyangwa umukoresha wibasiye. Isesengura ryitondewe kuri kamere ninshuro zumukobwa wavumbuwe zishobora kuba ishingiro ryo gukemura niba ari ngombwa gushyira ingamba zo gukosora ndetse ningamba zifatika zizaba.
Nubwo raporo z'ubugenzuzi (cyane muri raporo zishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwa patologiya) zitanga amakuru menshi, gukoresha gahunda itunganijwe, ntibikorwa mu bihugu byinshi.
Ubuvanganzo bwa siyansi nabwo bumeze neza mu bijyanye no gukusanya no gusesengura amakuru ajyanye no gushakisha pathologiya mu ngo inkwavu bishwe ku kibaro.
Ibidasanzwe duhereye ku majwi rirashobora kwitwa ubushakashatsi burambuye bwo muri Polonye Impamvu zikunze kugaragara ni sepsis na peymain, ubumwe, indwara yo hejuru yubuhumekero yo hejuru, coccidiose. Intengiyo ya coccidiose n'izindi ndwara za parasitiki mu gihe cyize zagabanutse, nubwo kwiyongera ku manza za Sepsis.
Ubushakashatsi bwo gukurikirana ubuzima bw'inkwavu ku mirima yerekana ko inkwavu zifite ibibazo bibiri byingenzi by'ubuzima: Syndrome y'Ubuhumekero (cyane cyane mu bavugizi b'igituba). Indwara zo mu rupapuro rwo hasi - Impamvu rusange y'urupfu.
Kurugero, bagiteri za patterium zagutse hafi ni umukozi ukunze kwiyongera indwara zo munda kumurima wurukwavu. Ibindi bikorwa bya Pathologi bigira ingaruka ku mvubo mu nganda zinganda zirimo ibishishwa by'u Rwanda, Gastrointestinal Pasipispis, Alopecia na Nephricis (abakozi ba Casitiya (abakozi bo mu enceppezozo gonsii).
Ubu bushakashatsi bwari bugamije gusuzuma ibisubizo biranga igenzura ry'amatungo byahitanye abicanyi muri Repubulika ya Ceki mu gihe cya 2010, hakurikijwe uburyo bwo guhagarika ndetse no gusuzuma urwego rw'ubuzima kandi Imibereho myiza yinkwavu ihingwa mu murima hashingiwe kumyanzuro.
Uruganda runini rwa Ceki rutanga inkwavu 130.000 buri mwaka
Ubuzima n'imibereho myiza y'inkwavu bihingwa ku mirima byizwe hashingiwe ku ncuro z'Abanyamerika 1.876.929 zatsinzwe mu bicwa icyenda muri Repubulika ya Ceki mu gihe cya 2010 kugeza 2019.
Inkwavu zanditswe hamwe n'imirima 80, muri zo urumogo rumwe rwatanzwe kurenga 50% by'umusaruro wuzuye inkwavu muri Repubulika ya Ceki, ni ukuvuga inkwavu zigera ku 130.000 buri mwaka.
Umusaruro Abandi 19 Abahinzi 19 bava mu bavuko 1000 ku rwego rw'undi 21.000 bakomoka mu bavugizi 100 bagera kuri 1000, mu gihe abahinzi batoranijwe 39 bataha inkwavu 100 ku mwaka.
Ku mirima, inkwavu zirimo muri selile zigaburirwa granules. Ubwikorezi bwo Kwiba yarakozwe n'abatwara uburenganzira bwemewe kumuhanda akoresheje ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu namakamyo, byateguwe byumwihariko kandi byemerewe gutwara inkwavu.
Inkwavu nyinshi (88%) zatwarwaga kure ya Km munsi ya 300 (63% yinkwavu intera itari mike 100), kandi nta rugendo ntirwarenze amasaha umunani. Abicanyi bose b'inkwavu batangaga amashanyarazi atangaje gusa ku mutwe.
Urwego rw'ubuzima rusange rw'inkwavu rwatsinzwe ku bwicanyi rwagenzurwaga hashingiwe ku kubara hashingiwe ku kigereranyo cy'umubare wa Pathologies wagaragaye ku mubare w'inkwavu zatsinzwe ku bwicanyi. Amakuru ku bisubizo by'igenzura ry'amatungo nyuma yo kubaga mubwicanyi bwakozwe muri Ceki bwabonetse inyuma ya sisitemu yamakuru ya leta ya Ceki.
Ikigereranyo cyumubare wa Pathologies wagaragaye numubare winkwavu watsinzwe hirya no kuba 0.0214. Ibi bivuze ko inkwavu magana 1 zagize ibisubizo 2.14, andika ubuzima na / cyangwa imibereho myiza, biganisha ku mpinduka ya patologiya byagaragaye mugihe cyo kugenzura.
Igishimishije, igipimo cyimpfuwike cyane kijyanye no ku ncuro yabonetse mu nkoko za broiler (0.37%) n'inkwavu), inka (0.08%) na turkeys ( 0.15%).
Ibisubizo byerekana ko inkoko za broiler n'inkwavu zifite ubumuga bwo kurwara bapfa mugihe cyo gutwara abantu benshi kuruta ubundi bwoko, cyangwa, mu yandi magambo, gutwara abantu barokoka inyamaswa nziza.
Kubwibyo, noneho bafunzwe ninyamaswa zifite ubuzima bwiza, nkuko bigaragazwa namakuru mato yabonetse nyuma yo kwica ubugome, ugereranije nubundi bwoko bwinyamanswa.
Urukwavu ninyamaswa yunvikana cyane, bigaragazwa nigipimo cyimbaho cyimpfu mugihe cyimodoka, kimwe no kumenyekanisha cyane mumirima, cyane cyane mugihe nyuma yo gutoranya.
Kimwe cya kane cy'urukwavu ruto rupfa mugihe cyabyibushyeIbyiringiro bigufi byinkwavu (kubyimba birangiye mbere yuko ingaruka zo guhinga zizigaragaza mu mpinduka zishingiye ku nzego) zigenda ziyongera ku mibare y'ubuzima ikusanyirijwe ku ibacanyi.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, nubwo umubare muto usanga umubare muto watewe mugihe cyatewe ninkwavu mugihe cyo kubaga, urashobora kumenya ibyiciro bimwe na bimwe byibibazo bifite ububi bwo hejuru kandi byerekana neza mubuzima no gutwara abantu mugihe cyo guhinga cyangwa ubwikorezi.
Usanga ku mubiri n'amaguru byakunze kugaragara cyane, kandi hafi cyane ihahamuka, zitifuzwa mu rwego rwo kurinda inyamaswa.
Icyateye ubworozi, cyane cyane ibitera ingingo, kimwe nuburyo bwo gukurura inkwavu no kubashyiraho inkwavu mubwicanyi, aho ibikomere, ibikomere, gutandukana no kuvunika.
Amagorofa ya Wire - Impamvu yakunze gukomeretsa n'indwara (pararacratose, subwenmatis), bityo rero ni byiza gufunga, byibuze, mato.
Ubucucike buhebuje bwo kugwa, biganisha ku gukabya kw'abakwavu, rwose ntibifuzwa.
Ingano ya selile idakwiye igabanya ibishoboka byo kugenda no gukora kamere nimikorere, biganisha ku iterambere ridasanzwe rya skeleton idasanzwe (dimerposia y'amagufwa).
Ibikoresho bya selile cyangwa frus byimirimo ikungahaza (inkoni yo guhekenya, ibibuga bya sublime, tunels, amashami) bigira ingaruka nziza 100%, kubera ko ibintu bigira uruhare runini muburyo bwo kugabanya imihangayiko na anomalies, nka gusohora kwa selile.
Inkwavu zahawe ubundi buryo (ubucucike buke bwo kugwa, hasi hamwe na lattemices), yari ifite inshuro ntoya yo gukomeretsa.
Gutunganya amatungo mugihe cyo gupakira no gupakurura ubwabyo nimpamvu ishobora guhungabana no gupfa. Ibyago byiyongera hamwe nibice binini, kubera ko inkoni iba nto mugihe ikora umubare munini winyamaswa.
Wabonetse Pathologiya wabonetse mu mpyiko n'umwijima iyo usuzumye ingingo z'imbere: Ibigaragaza bidasanzwe mu mpyiko (99,9%). Impinduka zidakira mu mpyiko n'umwijima birashoboka ko ziterwa n'ubusumbane bw'imirire ku bijyanye n'inyamaswa zimwe na zimwe mugihe cyabyibushye cyane.
Ku mikorere ikwiye ya sisitemu yo gutekesha kandi, umubiri wose ugira ingaruka gusa kugira ngo imirire n'ibice bihuye n'intungamubiri, ariko kandi ingano yabonetse, uburyo bwo kuvura ibiryo, ndetse n'imiterere n'ubunini bw'ibice byayo.
Ibisubizo by'ubushakashatsi byerekana ko kugabanuka kw'ibirimo ibikubiyemo na Proteyine bashyigikiye fibre bifite ingaruka nziza ku buryo bw'igikoresho ku mikorere igogora na gahunda yo kwiyongera kumugereka.
Kubuza ibibazo byo gusya hamwe na metaboque ya metaboque hamwe nibyangiritse kubice nigikorwa gikwiye cyimirire: Ibirimo Byinshi Byanditse kandi bidafite ishingiro), munsi ya 14%) na Proteyine (15-16%), hiyongereyeho inyongeramusaruro zibihingwa zirasabwa.
Yasanze kandi ibishishwa byinshi (84.5%) nubufatanye (14.9%).
Ibishishwa by'udusiba - ikibazo gikunze kugaragara ku mugoroba w'urukwavu rw'ubucuruzi. Bashobora guhorwa mu nkwavu mu mubiri wose, ariko mubisanzwe bigaragara ku ngingo z'inyuma no mu ijosi. Nk'itegeko, havuka bitewe no kwandura ibikomere byabonetse mugihe cyabyibushye nkigisubizo cyo kuruma cyangwa kurwana hagati yinkwavu babana.
Nkumunaniza, hari impamvu nyinshi zifitanye isano nubundi buryo bwibindi bikoresho, nko kwandura indwara zubuhumekero, Gastroenteritis, jade, cocciosis yumwijima namara. Kunanirwa birashobora kandi kuba ibisubizo byumubano urushanwa ujyanye no kubona ibiryo mugihe cyo guhinga kitemerera abantu bamwe kubona intungamubiri zihagije zo kubona intungamubiri zihagije.
Kubwibyo, ibi nibibazo bifatika bisaba ibisubizo kurwego rwo guhindura ibirimo nisuku kumurima wurukwavu. "
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