Indwara nyamukuru z'ibirayi no gutandukana

Mwaramutse, umusomyi wanjye. Ibirayi, nk'indi mico myinshi, biterwa n'ibitero by'udukoko n'indwara. Kugirango ubone umusaruro ntarengwa, utange ibintu bitandukanye byindwara.

Indwara nyamukuru z'ibirayi no kurwanya ubwoko bwa Neli

Ibijumba (Ifoto ikoreshwa nimpushya zisanzwe © AzbukaoGoRoDNIKA.ru)

Kugirango umenye ubwoko butandukanye bwo guhitamo, birakenewe gusobanukirwa ibimenyetso byindwara zikomeye.

Indwara zihungabana. Spores igwa mubijumba binyuze mumashanyarazi mato. Bigabanya uburyohe bwibirayi kandi bikaba bikomeye cyane isura.

Indwara nyamukuru z'ibirayi no kurwanya ubwoko bwa Neli

Parsha (Ifoto hamwe na SpudSmart.com)

Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa pasta:

1. Bisanzwe. Kuri roote, ibisebe bito bigaragara, bikaba byasangiye byihuse gushiraho igitero.
2. Porunogarafiya. Gutangaza ibimera mu butaka burenze. Kuri ibijumba bigaragara ko ari urumuri rwijimye. Ibishishwa by'amabuye, indwara yinjira cyane.
3. Ifeza. Ku bijura bigaragara ikizinga nigifuniko, bisa na soot. Uruhu rurakuramo kandi rufata imvi.
4. Umukara. Gutangaza umuco mugihe cyimvura. Ibijumba bibangamira ahantu hijimye. Ku giti kigaragara ku mababi agoretse.

Nta bwoko bwibirayi birwanya rwose. Umubare muto uhuye niyi ndwara:

• ALYONA;
• Shelegi yera;
• Lasonok;
• Ibikoresho;
• Umuvuduko.

Indwara ikwirakwira vuba kandi ishoboye gusenya byinshi mu bihingwa.

Ibisobanuro:

1. Ibibanza kumababi yibara ryijimye.
2. Uruti rwijimye rwambere, noneho arapfa na gato.
3. Hejuru yimbere yikibabi Bloo yera.

PhytoofLuororoIsi - Indwara irahungabana. Nibyiza bitwikiriye umuyaga wimvura nigihe cyimvura.

Indwara nyamukuru z'ibirayi no kurwanya ubwoko bwa Neli

Ibirayi Phyotophtor (ifoto hamwe na wikimedia.org)

Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kurwanya Phytoophrororo

• Isoko;
• Ubururu;
• Nevsky;
• Umutuku utatukura;
• Amahirwe.

Indwara ikoreshwa mu kirere kandi isenya kuva 5 kugeza 55% by'ibihingwa. Amababi yo hepfo agira ingaruka, noneho medium, hanyuma amashami n'amashami.

Indwara nyamukuru z'ibirayi no kurwanya ubwoko bwa Neli

Ubudasobanuka bwibirayi (Amafoto ya www.syngenta.co.uk)

Hano hari amahitamo abiri yuburwayi.

IHitamo 1:

1. Ku mababi harimo ikizinga gifite diameter ya mm 20.
2. Noneho muriki kibanza ubuso buhinduka kandi bwumye.
3. Nyuma yiminsi 30, amakimbirane agaragara yimbere (muburyo bwa plaque yera).

IHitamo 2:

1. Impande z'isahani y'ibibabi zigira ingaruka ku ngingo.
2. Amababi afata igicucu cyijimye.
3. Nyuma yiminsi 7, amakimbirane agaragara agaragara (ibara rya elayo).

Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kurwanya budasobanutse:

• Adrett;
• Bronnitsky;
• Lyubava.

Uzigame umusaruro 100% mugihe ibirayi byangiritse ku ndwara imwe n'imwe mu bihe bidashoboka. Ariko, ubwoko bumwebumwe bufite imbaraga zikaba nindwara nyinshi.

Ubwoko butandukanye bukomoka muri Biyelorusiya. Umusaruro: 265 kg / 100 m2. Hakiri kare.

Indwara nyamukuru z'ibirayi no kurwanya ubwoko bwa Neli

Gutunganya ibirayi (Ifoto ikoreshwa nimpushya zisanzwe © AzbukaoGoRoDNIKA.ru)

Ibisobanuro:

1. Vintage: hakiri kare.
2. Imiterere ya clotter: uruziga. Ibara: umuhondo wijimye. PAD: Umweru. Misa: 125
3. Ibintu byihariye: Gutwika neza.
4. Kurwanya indwara: Nematode, PhytoophLoorose, ahantu humye, kubora.

Lazuritis ibirayi bifite imirire miremire. Bikwiranye no guteka no gukaranga.

Ibirayi byubwoko butandukanye bifite ibihe byo kubika igihe kirekire. Umuyoboro usubiza hamwe nibisabwa uburyohe, urakoze kubijumba bikoreshwa mugutegura amasahani zitandukanye. Impuzandengo.

Indwara nyamukuru z'ibirayi no kurwanya ubwoko bwa Neli

Kwitabira ibirayi (Ifoto ikoreshwa nimpushya zisanzwe © AzbukaoGoRoDNIKA.ru)

Ibisobanuro:

1. Umusaruro: Hejuru (kugeza 585 kg / 100 m2).
2. Misa: 95
3. Pelt: umuhondo, nyuma yo gutunganya neza - kumenagura.
4. Guhagarara cyane: Kudasobanuka, kanseri, ukuguru kwirabura, nematode. Impuzandengo ituje: Kubatagira ingano, PhytoofLuoroS.

Icyiciro cy'ibirayi, kirangwa n'umusaruro mwinshi (kugeza kuri 600 kg / m2). Amatariki yo kwera: Hagati.

Indwara nyamukuru z'ibirayi no kurwanya ubwoko bwa Neli

Gukura Ibijumba (Ifoto ikoreshwa nimpushya zisanzwe © AzbukaoGoRoDNIKA.ru)

Ibisobanuro:

1. Imiterere ya clotter: ikwiye, ova. Ibara ry'umuhondo. Misa: 100 g
2. Pelt: umuhondo, nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe - kumenagura. Uburyohe: hejuru.
3. Kurwanya indwara: Ukuguru kw'umukara, nematode, phytouOorosa, bundi mariyas.

Kuva mu kirayi Skarba arimo gutegura ibirayi bikaranze, chipi.

Urakoze kubintu bitandukanye byatoranijwe no kubahiriza ingamba zose zibangamiye, urashobora guteza imbere umusaruro wujuje ubuziranenge. Ku gihe, ibimenyetso byabonetse byindwara nibikundwa byakozwe birashoboye gukomeza igice kinini.