Abakobwa bavuga ko ari abantu bakize kurusha abandi. Nkuko imigani yabo ivuga, andi moko Imana yahaye ibice byisi, kandi abakobwa bahaye isi yose. Kandi mubyukuri, birashoboka guhura nabahagarariye iki gihugu muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwisi yacu, mubihugu bitandukanye rwose.
Nibintu byagendaga gitera ibibazo abashakashatsi, kuko kwemerwa n'inkomoko y'abaturage ni ngombwa gushaka imizi ye. Kuzigama umuco wawe utangaje kandi waka, abantu ba gypsy bakomeje kuba amayobera - birashimishije, ariko ntibizwi. Niki gishobora kuvuga amateka ya Gypsies? Abakurambere babo bari bande? Nigute imiryango ya Gypsy yatsinze isi yose?
Engtonym
Gutangira kumenyerana nabantu bose bagomba gusuzuma izina rye, kuko hashobora kubaho ibintu bimwe byamateka no gushiraho. Uburyo buzwi cyane bwo kwisuzumisha cyane ni ijambo "rum" cyangwa "roma".
Igishimishije, bitewe n'akarere k'ubuzima, izina rishobora guhinduka. Kurugero, "scrap" ikoreshwa muri Arumeniya. Nk'uko abahanga mu by'imihanga bavuga ko ibyo bisobanuro bizamuka ku ijambo ryo mu Burayi "d'om", ijwi rya mbere ryashoboraga guhindura igihe.
Ijambo risanzwe "Roma" rigaragara bwa mbere mu gihe cya mbere mu "buzima bwa Mutagatifu George" ", ni ubuhe butumwa bwo mu kinyejana cya Xi. Aho niho ushobora kubona ijambo "anzin", ryakoreshejwe mu bwoko. Byahinduwe bivuye mu kigereki, bivuze "gukorerwa". Impamvu yakoreshejwe neza gutya - ntibishoboka, ariko ijambo ryakemuwe kuri iki gihugu.
Niba ufite indimi zamahanga, mucyongereza runaka, noneho rwose umaze kwibukwa irindi zina Roma. Abongereza barabahamagaye "Jeepsi" - ku nkombe n'Abanyamisiri. Igitekerezo nk'iki cyagaragaje ibitekerezo bishaje kuri Gypsies ari abimukira baturutse mu Misiri.
Inkomoko ya Gypsy
Kubera ko Gypsy adafite inyandiko igihe kirekire, gusa imigani yabantu yageraga uyumunsi kubyerekeye inkomoko yayo. Ariko ukuri, ishyano, bike cyane, ugomba rero kubaka hypotheses nyinshi. Muri "Brockhaus na Efron", havugwa ko abasinzi bafite imizi yo mu Buhinde, yashizweho n'abashakashatsi benshi mu kinyejana cya XVII.
Ikunze kugaragara, kurongora "umuyobozi", ingingo y'abahanga iragabanuka ku kuba isabukuru y'amavuko ya abakurambere ba none ni leta z'Abahinde na Rajasthan. Genetique yemeza kandi iyi verisiyo, ariko, hagaragaye ko gutandukana n'imiryango yo mu mahanga byabayeho nyuma yikinyejana cya 5 cyigihe cyacu.
Ariko mbega ukuntu n'impamvu abakurambere ba bahisemo kuva mu gihugu cyabo kavukire? Ibi bibazo, ndetse nabanyamateka b'indirimbo ntibashobora gutanga ibisubizo nyabyo. Byemezwa ko itsinda rito ry'Abahinde ryashyikirijwe umwami w'Ubuperesi.
Ntibishoboka gukuraho ko ejo hazaza Abanyeshuri bacitsemo ibice, kandi igice kimwe kigiye mu bihugu bya Palesitine, undi muri Egiputa (dore ibisobanuro by'izina "Djips"). Kandi hano, nanjye, ndasaba kandi kuvugana amakuru yukuri agezweho - genetiki. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko gutura ku mugabane bya mbere, kuva mbere bahagarariye ubwoko bwa bow'ubutaka bubi aho nta mubabaro w'amahanga.
Gypsies mu Burayi bw'i Burengerazuba
Ifasi y'ibihugu by'Uburayi, Abanyaroma baturutse muri Byzantium. Mu bwami Byzantine, babafataga muburyo budasanzwe, bitangira muri sosiyete, ariko ntabwo byari bigamije kutitwaza uburenganzira cyangwa nkuko bimeze.
Gutandukanya imbaraga zisa nazo zongeye gusunika Roma gushaka ubuzima bwiza. Umwe mu Burayi bwa mbere yaje ibintu, abagati, abasanga n'abapfumu, bagira ingaruka ku myitwarire mibi y'abanyaburayi bahagarariye igihugu muri rusange.
Imyitwarire idasobanutse ya Gypsies, hagaragaye umubano wabo wo mu rwego rw'ibibazo by'ubukungu mu bihugu by'Ubukungu byahinduye abantu mu itsinda ry'ibihugu byihariye, byakunze kugaragara mu mategeko n'amabwiriza (atari mu mucyo mwiza). Muri icyo gihe, hagaragaye ivangura rya Gypsy.
Abanditsi N. Bessonov na N. Gutandukana mu gitabo cye "Amateka ya Roma. Isura nshya "iyobora amakuru akurikira:
Ati: "Muri Moraviya, imishitsi yatemye ugutwi kwimuka muri Bohemia. Muri Ercgeritzogenia, Otirishiya yahisemo kuranga no kuri. Ahari ubugome cyane bwagaragaye ko ari Friedrich Wilhelm I Prussian. Mu 1725, yategetse urupfu rwabagabo n'abagore bose ku myaka cumi n'umunani. "Nkuko mubibona, byari bimaze kuba jenoside yuburakari bwabantu. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Roma yashoboye kubaho no kubungabunga ubwoko bwabo gusa, ahubwo n'umuco udasanzwe w'umwimerere, muri iki gihe uba abafana benshi.
Mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba n'Uburusiya
Ariko niba mu Burayi bw'iburengerazuba, imyifatire mibi ku moko ya Gypsy yaragaragaye, hanyuma abaturanyi b'Uburayi batandukanye. Ngaho, Abakobwa bagaragaje ko ari abanyabukorikori bahanganye, abirata, abirabura, bug.
Ndetse na Ottomani yafashe Uburayi, politiki yoroshye ihagije yabaye kuri Roma. Yoo, kandi hano ntabwo yatwaye nta kibazo kibabaje. Mu mategeko ya Moldaviya n'umusomu, aho ubukristo bwakwirakwiriye vuba, hamwe no gusuzugura fagitire. Batangajwe ko ari imbata zivuka.
Itangazo ryo mu 1852 rivuga riti:
"Monasiteri ya Mutagatifu Abacakara ba mbere ba Gypsy bashyizwe hanze, ku ya 8 Gicurasi 1852, bagizwe n'abagabo 18, abahungu 10, abagore 7 n'abakobwa 3: mu bantu beza. "Twabibutsa ko mubwami bwu Burusiya kuri Gypsies ntabwo yari ifite umubano udashidikanya. Nta gushidikanya ko Abarusiya, bashimye ubushobozi bwa Gypsies kwita ku mafarashi, imico myiza y'abatwara. Benshi mu bahagarariye aba bantu biyandikishije mukingeri. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, mu nyandiko z'umuhanga mu by'amateka w'Uburusiya S.M.solovyov, biravuga neza: "Gypsy .... Babaruye abantu babi kubera ubutaji no kumenagura ".
Birumvikana ko abanyesizi bafite uburenganzira bwo kubabaza kubera imyumvire ivuguruzanya yabaturage babo. Kubwamahirwe, ni ukuri mugihe "ikiyiko cyakubiswe na barrele ya Möday." Nubwo muri uyu munsi kuba mu bakobwa muri iki gihe habaye kure y'abantu b'inyangamugayo, ntiwibagirwe ko abahagarariye aba Emnos bafunguye, bafite impano, bitanze bivuye ku murimo wabo kandi babishoboye kubungabunga umuco mwiza rwose w'abakurambere.