Amabanki yo hagati yisi yagaragaje inzira icyenda bashobora gukoresha ibikoresho bya politiki ya politiki yo gucunga ingaruka zijyanye n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Muri bo - uburyo bwo guhitamo bwatoranijwe mu mutungo ugura, bikagira uruhare mu batanga ibidukikije kuri ibidukikije, kandi gushyiramo ibipimo by'ikirere muri gahunda yo gutanga inguzanyo muri banki.
Ingingo yo "gushingwa" politiki y'amafaranga ifatwa muri raporo nshya y'umuryango kugira ngo ishyingure gahunda y'imari (umuyoboro wo gutsinda sisitemu y'imari - NGFS). Abanyamuryango bayo ni Banki 89 zo hagati hamwe n'abashinzwe imari bashyigikira intego za amasezerano ya Paris. Raporo ya NGFS isesengura ibishoboka byo kurengera banki nkuru y'ingaruka z'ikirere no gushyigikira politiki y'ibidukikije bya guverinoma yabo. Buri buryo bwateganijwe bugereranijwe duhereye ku mikorere mu kurwanya ingaruka z'ikirere no kugira ingaruka kuri politiki y'amafaranga.
Ati: "Iyi ni intambwe nyayo, iyambere yubwoko bwayo, itanga amabanki yo hagati kwisi icyenda yo gukemura ibibazo bijyanye n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Iyi ni urutonde rwibikoresho, kandi banki zose zirashobora guhitamo ikwiranye cyane bitewe nububasha bwayo, ububasha nibikorwa byingaruka z'ikirere "Mu mwaka ushize, ikibazo cyo guhanga ubushyuhe ku isi cyagize akamaro kuri banki nkuru nyinshi. Kurugero, ububasha bwa Banki y'Ubwongereza bwaguwe, politiki y'amafaranga igomba kuzirikana ko ari ngombwa kwimurwa mu bukungu bw'icyatsi. Sisitemu ya reta ya Reta zunze ubumwe za Amerika nyuma yo gutsinda mu matora ya perezida Joe Bayden yahisemo kwinjira mu mazi. Banki nkuru y'i Burayi yakoze imihindaguri y'imihindagurikire y'ikirere igice cyingenzi mu gusesengura ingamba zayo.
Kimwe mu bibazo by'impaka mu rwego rw '"ahantu nyaburanga" bya politiki y'amafaranga bireba ibipimo bya gahunda yo kugura inkwano:
Amabanki yo hagati, abashinzwe imiryango bagura, kugurisha amasosiyete yimpapuro bishinzwe imyuka myinshi yibyuruka hamwe no kubona ubumwe bwinshi bwibigo byangiza ibidukikije?
Raporo ya NGF itanga uburyo bubiri bwo guhuza umuguzi w'ingwate rusange n'ibibazo by'imihindagurikire y'ikirere:
- Hindura intego yibanze kumpapuro zabatanga ibikorwa nibyiza byubahirije ibipimo byatoranijwe;
- Gisesengura kandi ukureho umutungo, abatanga cyangwa imirenge muri gahunda, umugabane wabyo ku bunini bw'imyuka, nk'ibihingwa by'ingufu bikorera ku mfuruka.
Inzira ya kabiri, mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka yatangiye gushyira mu bikorwa Rixbank Rixbank, yitwa uburyo bukomeye kandi bukabije bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere no kugabanya ingaruka zijyanye nayo. Icyakora, inzira nziza, iyo kugeza ku buryo buke bwateye urwego rwa Politiki yonyine, nk'uko abanditsi bo mu mafaranga Francois Vilroua de Galo vuba aha abisabye . Ashobora kugira ingaruka nke cyane kuri politiki ko ibintu bitaziguye kandi bikomeye "byimpapuro zo kugura porogaramu yo kugura, bivuga raporo.
NGFS yatanze uburyo bune bwo guhindura amategeko yo kwakira ingwate kuva kuri banki (urugero, kugabanya agaciro k'inguzanyo z'umutungo uhambiriye ubyuka ikirere cya karubone). Yasuzumye kandi inzira eshatu banki zo hagati zishobora gutanga inguzanyo zabo ku mahame y'ibidukikije:
- Tanga igipimo cyo gutera inkunga kuri banki zifite inguzanyo zihuye n'ibice bimwe by'ibirere (Banki Nkuru Bangladesh abikora kuva mu 2009);
- Mugabanye igipimo cyo gutera inkunga amabanki gitanga nkumutungo ubitsa hamwe na karubone yo hepfo;
- Kugirango umenye uburyo bwawe - kurugero, amabanki agomba kugera kubice runaka mugutegura icyatsi cyangwa gutangaza amakuru ku ngaruka z'ikirere.
Amabanki y'isi yatanzwe muri 2020 ku masosiyete y'amakara, peteroli na gaze mu rwego rwa miliyari 750 z'amadolari, avugwa mu itsinda ry'imvura. Kwiyongera kwinshi - muri Banki y'Ubufaransa BNP Paliya: 41% kugeza kuri miliyari 41 z'amadolari. Kandi ibi ni ko byashyirwaho nk'umuyobozi mu rwego rw'icyatsi kandi rwafashe inshingano muri gahunda y'umuryango w'abibumbye ishinzwe kuzana inguzanyo ya Loni Mu buryo bujyanye n'intego z'amasezerano ya Paris. Gabanya iterambere ry'ubushyuhe ku isi 2 ° Celsi. Mu gihe nyuma yo gushyira umukono ku masezerano ya Paris, BNP Paribas yatanze amasosiyete akorana na lisansi y'ibinyabuzima, miliyari 121 z'amadolari.
Abafatanije nini kuri ibyo bisosiyete baracyari amabanki y'Abanyamerika. Dukurikije ibiganiro by'imvura, JPMorgan yirukanye amabanki na Citigroup kuva muri 2016 yaba yarabahaye inguzanyo kandi bateguye ubumwe bw'ingwate z'amadolari n'amadolari n'amadolari miliyoni 317 na miliyari 238 z'amadolari na miliyari 238. Nibyo, muri 2020 bagabanije inkunga nk'iyo: JPMorgan - na 20% kugeza kuri miliyari 51 z'amadolari, kandi Citigroup ni miliyoni 48 z'amadolari.
Kugeza ubu, amabanki yo hagati gusa, harimo na Banki y'Ubwongereza, yagerageje kubara ikirenge cya karubone y'ibikorwa byabo mu rwego rwa Politiki ya Politiki. Maderemer yahamagaye abandi gufata ingamba nk'izo, kubera ko "ari ngombwa kwerekana urugero."
Raporo ivuga ko ari ukuri, ibi ntibyari byoroshye kubera ibibazo bijyanye no gukusanya amakuru n'ubumpamvu. Nkurugero, imari itangwa numutungo itangwa, ni yo banki nkuru igura kandi ikagira umuhigo: ingwate nyinshi zibazwa muri bo, zidashoboka muri bo, zidashoboka ko bidashoboka gukusanya amakuru ku ngaruka.
Byahinduwe Mikhail LongChenko