Abahagarariye abaturage ba Erzya, cyangwa Erianga, nkuko biyita, ni ibya mugenzi we wa Morder. Amateka yabo ni kaleidoscope yibyabaye, ariko bazi bake. Ahari mubyukuri kubera ko intego yari ku bwenegihugu bwa Mordoviya, abashakashatsi bo muri Erzansky bahamagaye "batabaho." Kubera iki?
Ikigaragara ni uko igitekerezo cya "Mordva" kidagaragaye kera cyane, ariko Erzya na Moksha (bazabwirwa ibijyanye n'iri tsinda ritandukanye), bagize amatsinda abiri y'iri johro, ni amoko ya kera ya Mordovia. Biratandukanye cyane. Erzyan yitwa abarwanyi bahoraho ku bwisanzure n'uburenganzira bwabo, bwerekana amateka yabo. Eriangan yagaragaye ryari? Nigute yaremye imiryango n'umuco wabo?
Erzya bisobanura iki?
Erzyan, rimwe mu matsinda y'abantu Mordoviya, ni izina rishimishije cyane. Ni iy'ubwoko bwa kera, nk'uko abantu benshi b'abahanga, biva kuri "erryas", erzyan. Niba ukoresheje Uburusiya Ibisobanuro byubuhinduzi, tubona - "kubaho", "muzima". Birashoboka, Erzya yamenye ko ari ababa igihe kirekire mu bihugu byambere (kandi ni uturere twiburasirazuba twa Mordovia).
Ariko, hariho izindi verisiyo zikomoka ku izina. Hariho igitekerezo cy'uko ijambo risubira mu murashi ushaje "Arshan", ni ukuvuga "umuntu." Muri njye ndashaka kumenya ko abantu benshi ba kera mu kwizirika kwabo bakoresheje neza ibisobanuro nk'ibyo, byerekana ko ari abantu muri ubwo butaka.
Byongeye kandi, ururimi rwa Erzyan, aho hari ijanisha rikomeye ryinguzanyo rya Irani, rivuga ryemeza igitekerezo. Hariho kandi imigenzo myinshi ishaje, isubiramo neza imyizerere ya Zoroastrian yo mumiryango ya Irani (urugero, kubaha imbwa n'imihango yo gushyingura).
Ingingo ya mbere kuri Enzaz ivugwa mu kinyejana cya XIV kandi iboneka mu nyandiko z'abahanga mu bya siyansi ya Irani Rashid Ad-din. Yavuze kuri "Ardzhani" utuye mu bihugu bya Mordoviya kijyambere.
Nyuma, Umutware wa Nogai Yusuf mu ibaruwa ye yoherejwe i Moscou, avuga ku baturage ba RAZN, aho Erzya yashakaga kuvuga. Nkuko ushobora kubibona, nyuma, iri zina ryabaye ishingiro ryo kuvana no kwita izina rimwe ryingenzi - Ryazan.
Guhindura inkomoko ya erzyan
Nkuko bimaze kuvugwa, Erzya na Moksha nibice bibiri bya Morder, ariko itandukaniro ryabo riracyatera ibibazo byinshi mumateka. Iyi ngingo niyo yateje amakimbirane azengurutse inkomoko ya Erzyan. Hariho hypotheses nyinshi kuri ibi, kandi hano hari bimwe muribi:
- Mu ikubitiro, ubwenegihugu bwa Morgoviya bwabayeho, bugabanyijemo amashami abiri yashinzwe Mokshansky na Erzan.
- Ekrya na moksha babaga hafi yabo, kubera ibyo inguzanyo n'umuco no kumwijima biragaragara. Muri icyo gihe, buri gihugu mugihe cyo gushiraho cyateye imbere kurundi.
- Mokshan na Erianga babanje guhuriza hamwe amoko imwe, ariko noneho baratandukanye, basubira kumwanya wambere wibintu.
Amakuru ashimishije yari ahagarariwe nabashakashatsi mugihe cyo kwiga genetike ya buri bwenegihugu. Nubwo hari ibintu bisanzwe byo hanze, igice cyingenzi cya genzy na moksha biratandukanye. Niba kandi Mokshan aguye bene wabo, imiryango yonyine yo mu muryango wo hagati, hanyuma Erziang afite ubuvandimwe bwagutse. Mu bihugu, begereye abaslayeli, inkingi, ibisilava, Abarusiya bo mu turere two mu majyepfo no mu gihugu.
Urugamba rw'iteka rw'abantu
Erzya yabaye umwe mu bantu bakunda ubwisanzure mu Burusiya, bahatiwe guhora barengera ubwigenge bwabo. Mu gihe cyo hagati, abaturage ba Erziang batuye Khazaras, Pechenegs, hari imirwano myinshi hamwe na polovtsy. Iyo Slav yatangiye kwimukira mu bihugu byabo, umwiherero wa Erzya usubira muri Arzamas, wimuka mu cyerekezo cy'iburasirazuba no kugabanya ibyo atunze.
Mu 1237, abaturanyi ba Erzya, Moksha, bamenye imbaraga za Horde ya zahabu. Ariko Erzya ubwabo ntabwo bagiye kumvira Mongoliya. Basubiye mu mashyamba yo mu majyaruguru, bahishe gutotezwa, bari barwanye abatsinze Abanyamongol-Tatar. Nyuma yo gusenyuka kw'isi, Erziangg yimukiye i Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal igikomangoma kinini.
Ibi byagize uruhare mu gukwirakwiza ubukristo mu turere two erzyan. Ariko hano, umudendezo - ukunda Erzya ntiwihutiye kureka leta nshya. Igice kinini cyabo cyagiye mu burasirazuba, kutazajya gufata kwizera kwa gikristo. Mu kinyejana cya XVII, Eriangan yamaze kwigarurira igice kinini cy'akarere ka Volga na Pri y'Amajyepfo.
Abarinzi b'abakurambere
Imirwano ihoraho hamwe na Nogai na Kalmykov yahinduye abantu imbaraga zikomeye. Mu kuzamura Erzya, kurema umurongo w'ibihome byazamuwe mu ntera, birashimira imiryango yari mural. Ndashaka kumenya ko imidugudu myinshi ya Ezianiagi ya URALS yagaragaye nyuma yo kugaragara kw'abarusiya bari aha hantu.
Ubudage bw'Ubudage na Encyclopediste Peter Simon Pallas mu kinyejana cya XIX cyagaragaye mu bikorwa bye kuri miliyoni ebyiri z'Abanya Mordoviya:
"Nabo ubwabo batandukanya izina ryihariye rya Moksha, mu bwinshi bwa Mokshad ... ahateganye n'undi ivi yavuzwe na Erzad cyangwa Erdzat; Kandi bovuga ubwabo ... ".Erianga ntabwo ari abaregiye gusa umurage ukize umuco. Kurwanya kwabo kwatewe no gutera imyizerere n'imigenzo byabandi bantu byafashaga gushinga uburyohe bwihuse bwakarere ka Volga-Vyatka hamwe n'akarere ka Volga, bitandukanye cyane nundi turere two mu Burusiya.
Kandi, ntukibagirwe ko Erzya benshi yagize uruhare mu mateka y'Uburusiya, ubwo yakinaga uruhare runini mu gushyiraho Leta, kuba umuntu utazigera ureka kuvuga.
Erzya - abantu, mubahagarariye harimo abantu benshi bazwi. Padiri Nikon, Steptan Razin, Vladimir Lenin, Fromari Shalyapin, Maxim Gorky, Lidiya Ruslanova - Iyi ntabwo ari urutonde rwuzuye rwa Erzy. Bo hamwe namateka yabo bakize cyane nishimiye abakomoka kuri uyu mubyukuri abantu badasanzwe bo mubantu bakunda ubwibone nubwisanzure.