Mwaramutse, umusomyi wanjye. Ndetse na direces inararibonye ntabwo buri gihe ishobora gukusanya umusaruro mwiza wibirayi. Ibi biterwa nuko umuco wijejwe ukunze gutangazwa nindwara zitandukanye. Kugirango imbaraga zidakoresheje ntuzimire, ubwoko bwibimera bidashobora kwibasirwa no kwandura indwara zidakwiye kandi bigatorwa.
Gukura Ibijumba (Ifoto ikoreshwa nimpushya zisanzwe © AzbukaoGoRoDNIKA.ru)
Umuco uzwi cyane wo mu busitani, ushobora kugaragara kuri buri busitani bwigihugu kidasanzwe, akenshi bitangazwa nindwara zitandukanye. Gutezimbere indwara bitera kurenga ku mategeko ya arotechnologiya, igiterane kitari cyo cyangwa kubika umusaruro.
Gutunganya ibirayi (Ifoto ikoreshwa nimpushya zisanzwe © AzbukaoGoRoDNIKA.ru)
Indwara zisanzwe z'ibirayi:
- Parsha (isanzwe, inkuba, ifeza, umukara);
- Phytoofluoro
- Ubundi
Indwara irashobora kugira ingaruka kubice byose byigihingwa. Akenshi akenshi wanduye imizi itarangwamo: nta butaka ntabwo ari ubwoko bwibicuruzwa gusa, ahubwo ni uburyohe. Imboga zirwaye ntabwo zikwiriye kubika no kurya. Kugirango tubungabunge umusaruro, birakenewe guhitamo ubwoko butandukanye bwo kwandura.
Icyiciro kidasanzwe, cyinshi-cyisumbuye kigize imizi ya oval ifite uruhu rutukura. Ibirayi bipima 60-70 g kugira umubiri wera, uduhane. Umusaruro hamwe na kare 1. Metero ya Girning ni 90-170 kg. Igihingwa kirwanya amapfa, kirwanya abalashesi na kanseri yibirayi. Ariko, afite intege nke kuri Phytoophroroose.
Icyiciro cy'ibirayi (Ifoto ikoreshwa n'impushya zisanzwe © AzbukaoGoRoDNIKA.ru)
Igihe kinyuranye kigereranywa cyeze cyamamaye cyane kubera kurwanya indwara zimwe na zimwe (pass, Phiytoofluorosis). Ibijumba byoroheje, oval ibirayi (60-120 G) bifite ibishishwa byumuhondo hamwe n'amaso hafi idasekere. Adhemp yera afite uburyohe bwiza. Umusaruro - 150-240 kg.Ultrarane bitandukanye birakunzwe hamwe na dachnikov kumusaruro uhamye (300-400 kg). Ibijumba byijimye hamwe na pulp yera ipima impuzandengo ya 120-130 g. Igihingwa kirwanya cyane indwara nyinshi hamwe na kanseri, phytooluorosis, nematode). Byongeye kandi, umusaruro ubitswe neza.
Vintage y'ibirayi (Ifoto ikoreshwa n'impushya zisanzwe © AzbukaoGoroDNIKA.ru)
BLnda, kwitanga hejuru (kugeza kuri 500 kg) bitandukanye cyane birakwiriye gutegura ibyokurya bitandukanye. Hamwe nubuvuzi bwubushyuhe, cyera mubururu imizi yubururu (100-160 g) ntutakaze ibicuruzwa.Byongeye kandi, iyi ibijumba irashobora kubikwa mbere yigihingwa gishya. Muri icyo gihe, inyama zacyo yera hafi ntabwo ibura uburyohe. Igihingwa gikomeje kwihanganira ubushyuhe n'amapfa, bifite uruhare runini mu kwandura.
Habaye hakiri kare, amanota yagaragaye neza azwi cyane kumusaruro mwinshi (250-350 kg) no kurwanya indwara nyinshi. Ibijumba bya oblong (80-140 G) Ishusho yumuhondo yumuhondo ifite neza, nta gukomeretsa kw'ibishishwa. Igikoresho cyera, gishimishije pulp ntabwo cyijimye ndetse no kubika maremare.
Icyegeranyo cy'ibirayi (Ifoto ikoreshwa n'impushya zisanzwe © AzbukaoGoRoDNIKA.ru)
Ubwiza bwiza butukura (80-120 G) imiterere ndende isobanura rwose izina ryubwoko butandukanye. Muburyo bworoshye - inyama z'umuhondo, aho abashyitsi bishimiye gutegura ibiryo bikonje nibiryo bishyushye. Kwitanga hejuru (250-500 kg) igihingwa kikunzwe cyane kuberako byoroshye kuri phytoophroroose.Iyi miriyalayiri ni gake irwaye kandi ihura nibitero byudukoko twangiza. Ibijumba bizengurutse (100-150 G) bifite isura nziza: munsi y'uruhu rwijimye - inyama z'umuhondo. Nubwo ibi bishanga byangiza muburyo butetse bifite uburyohe butagereranywa. Imyaka myinshi, iyi mpumu irimo gukoresha ibyamamare bikwiye.
Ibijumba (Ifoto ikoreshwa nimpushya zisanzwe © AzbukaoGoRoDNIKA.ru)
Ibirayi biri hagati biganisha mu bwoko butandukanye bwo kwandura indwara zidasanzwe (Ubudasobanuka, hamwe, ukuguru kwirabura). Ibijumba (90-120 G) hamwe nuruhu rwiza, rutanga inyama numuhondo wumuhondo.Imico myiza myiza yimizi ituma bishoboka kuzikoresha kugirango itegure ibyokurya bitandukanye. Ariko, ibirayi bya Bronnitsky birakwiriye gukwirakwira no guteka ibyatsi bya Fri. Umusaruro - 290-550 kg hamwe na metero kare 1.
Icyiciro cya Supermanny gifite ibishishwa byijimye nicyatsi kibisi, starch bus nubwo mugihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe ntabwo gitakaza ubwoko bwibicuruzwa. Igihingwa kirwanya amapfa cyerekana ibijumba (110-220 G), bidafite kanseri y'ibirayi biteye ubwoba, Phytoofluorosis, alcowariass. Mu bihe byiza, Lyubava buri gihe itanga umusaruro kangana na 290-400.
Ibirayi, byitwa "umutsima wa kabiri", ukuze mu turere twose tw'igihugu. Kubwamahirwe, aborozi ntibari bakuramo umuco udukoko twiza udukoko n'indwara bitameze biteye ubwoba. Ariko, iyi mbaraga irashobora kugabanuka mugihe uhisemo ubwoko bwubudahangarwa kwandura.