Mu mahanga
Imijyi myinshi yubuhinzi muri Amerika, Uburusiya, Kanada nibindi bihugu bihingwa ukoresheje ifumbire mvaruganda. Igice cyingenzi muribo ni ifumbire ya azote. Utabafite, umusaruro wa ba culftate nyinshi zubuhinzi zigabanuka 30, kandi rimwe na rimwe 50%. Ariko bigenda, ingaruka zo gukoresha ifumbire zigereranijwe ningaruka mbi kuri kamere. Kurugero, bivugwa ko gutangaza ngarukamwaka by'ifumbire ya azonden gusa muri Amerika biherekejwe n'imyuka ihwanye n'imodoka inaniranye y'imodoka miliyoni ebyiri. Kandi imyuka yangiza muburyo bwo gukora ntabwo arizo ngaruka mbi zose.Gukoresha ifumbire kandi ikomeye y'ifumbire ya azote mu bihingwa by'ubuhinzi bidasubirwaho kurenga ku kuzunguruka intungamubiri mu bidukikije. Kandi ibi bimaze kugaragara mu turere duhinga cyane.
Mu myaka yambere y '"gutobora ifumbire", inzira za microbiologique mu butaka bwihuse, umusaruro wibimera wiyongereye. Ariko agasesengura ubuhinzi k'ubutaka bwerekanye ko gukomera kwambere kubikorwa bitunguranye byahindutse vuba kubisenya ubutaka. Ifumbire ya azote yatakaje imikorere yabo, kubera ko Abamudekori n'uburebure bw'ifumbisi bahindukiriye nithote bakurikiranwa mu gukaraba amazi n'inzuzi. Usibye igihombo kidatanga umusaruro wa azote, imyuka yangiza, ikindi kintu kibi cyigaragara: yatesheje agaciro ubutaka bwa microbiota. Mu bihe nk'ibi, ifumbire nyinshi ntizisobanuka - ibiciro birakura, kandi umusaruro wibihingwa bigabanuka.
Byarabaye bigaragara ko ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha imirire bukenewe. Shakisha, intangiriro nubucuruzi bwibisubizo nkibi bizagenwa nuwabuhinzi.
Microbes y'ingirakamaro
Ibimera ntibishobora gukuramo azote mu kirere. Ariko ibi birashobora gukora rwose mikorobe - endofytes. Birashoboka "kwigisha" imyumbati zubuhinzi kugirango zingengenge azote ukoresheje mikorobe?
Porofeseri Sharon Doti, Microbiologue ukomoka muri kaminuza ya Washington avuga ko ibidukikije bimaze gukemura iki kibazo. Sharon yatangiye kwiga igishanga na poplar - ibiti bikura ku nkombe z'inzuzi zibibura, abakene cyane. Iyo DTO yasuzumye ibiti bya ADN Endofyte muri Laboratoire - Geni yagaragaje ko mikorobe ishobora gutunganya azote. Abahanga bibazaga: Birashoboka gukoresha Endofytes yubuhinzi? Abashakashatsi bafashe ingemwe z'ibihingwa kandi babaciye mu bwiherero bafite amagongi yavuye ku giti, hanyuma bareba iterambere ry'imizisi.
Ibimera bifite endofytes byari bifite imizi n'amababi manini. Kandi ubwoko bumwe bwinyanya hamwe na Bulugariya hafi ya kabiri imbuto zatanze. Itsinda rya Sharon Doti ryemera ko ubushakashatsi bwa endophytes mumyanya y'imbere ya poplar nabyo bitanga umusaruro kugabanya imiti yangirika na Toulti n'ibyuma biremereye.
Nubwo ibisubizo bitanga ikizere, abashakashatsi b'Abanyamerika bumva ko gutsinda muri laboratoire ntabwo buri gihe byemezwa mu murima. Byongeye kandi, birakenewe gushyiraho umusaruro winganda wa mikorobe kugirango badahenze. Bamwe bagerageza guteza imbere mikorobe zingirakamaro kubuhinzi zananiwe kubera amafaranga menshi yumusaruro.
Abakoloni b'ingirakamaro
Umwaka ushize, ibindi bigo bibiri byabanyamerika byatangaje intangiriro yubufatanye ku kurema ibicuruzwa bishya. Isosiyete ya Mosaic na Bioconsortia, Inc. Ubufatanye bwatangiye ku iterambere no gukora ibicuruzwa bya azote igena mikorobe y'ibigori, ingano n'indi mico ikomeye. Mu gusohora kumugaragaro, abahagarariye isosiyete bati:Ati: "Twizera ko uburambe bwabo bwo gukusanya no kugera ku isoko mu rwego rw'ifumbire no ku mirire y'ibihingwa nuburyo bwiza bwo kwinjira mu isoko rya kicrobive-gutunganya mikorobe. Microbes yacu izazuzuza kandi yaguze ubucuruzi bwashinzwe kugirango umusaruro w'intungamubiri kugira ngo ukoreshe intungamubiri ku nyungu z'abakora muri Amerika yose. "
Bagiteri Endofytic hamwe nabashakashatsi bakora bashoboye gukemura imyenda yimbere yikimera, batatera indwara kandi ntibagira ingaruka mbi ku iterambere. Igishimishije, endofytes endofite yakolonize Niches zimwe zibidukikije nka mikorobe ya phytogarique, niyo mpamvu ishobora gufatwa nkuburyo bubi bwibinyabuzima bwa phytotorol phycotol phycotol.
Mosaic na Bioconsortia bagamije gukora ibicuruzwa bya mikorobe kugirango bikoreshwe mubutaka no gutunganya imbuto. Igicuruzwa gishya kirashobora gukoreshwa ukwe cyangwa guhuza imiti gakondo n'ifumbire. Abashakashatsi ba bioconsortia bashakaga "kuzana imiterere" bagiteri karemano-zikora tekinoroji yo kuzamura imibereho no guhindura ingirabuzimafatizo. Bioconsortia yatembaga muri mikorobe yateye imbere (ams), igenzura ryinshi ryamazi, Ikoranabuhanga ryabakoloni, ndetse no gukusanya ikusanyirizo rya azori. Mu rwego rw'amasezerano ya Mose, Mosaic izahabwa uburenganzira bwihariye bwo gutunganya ikosora ikosora ya azoni ku mico ikomeye yo mu majyaruguru na Amerika yepfo. Bioconsortia izagumana uburenganzira bwose bwo guhangana n'ikoranabuhanga ku mbuto, imboga, amategeko n'imico idahrasi n'imico myiza no ku bwoko bwose bwo gukoresha hanze ya Amerika.
Ububiko, kwizerana, ku isi hose
Nubwo inyungu zishishikajwe nabakora ifumbire hamwe nibisobanuro bya mikorobile, tekereza ko bazaba bafite umudendezo usanzwe mu ifumbire zisanzwe mugihe cya vuba, ntibikwiye. Abakora ibicuruzwa bishya bya mikorore bagomba gukemura ibibazo bimwe byingenzi. Kimwe muri byo ni ukwizera kubatera abakora ubuhinzi muri tekinoroji nshya. Kurugero, ubuzima bwa biogro bio-ububasha bukomoka mubucuruzi bwa mikorobe yingirakamaro yagira akamaro muguhinga umuceri. Ariko abahinzi ntibizeye iterambere. Nkigisubizo, ibirenze kimwe cya kabiri cyamasosiyete akora Biogro ntabwo yakoraga muri ubu bucuruzi n'imyaka ibiri.
Ikibazo cya kabiri nuburyo bwo kubika ibicuruzwa bya BioProring. Abahinzi bahitamo kugura imbuto zifata. Bakomeje kuba bakwiriye gukoresha nubwo babitswe amezi menshi cyangwa imyaka. Yaremye bioproducts irasaba byinshi mububiko kandi ntishobora gukomeza imitungo yabo mugihe kirekire.
Ikindi kibazo ni "umwihariko muto". Bitandukanye n'ifumbire gakondo zishobora gukoreshwa muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwibihingwa ahantu hose kwisi, endofryo ntabwo ari igisubizo rusange. Byongeye kandi, birakenewe guhuza mikorobe kumiterere yububiko butandukanye nibidukikije. Abaremwa b'ibicuruzwa bishya basobanukiwe ko ingaruka nziza ziterwa n'ubwoko bw'ubuhinzi, nk'ibice n'ibihe. Niba kimwe mubihe bidahuye - igisubizo ntikizakora. Kuba hari imiti yica udukoko cyangwa izindi mikorobe mu butaka birashobora kandi kugira ingaruka mbi ku ntsinzi ya azote.
Muyandi magambo, haracyari akazi kenshi, mbere ya endophytes irashobora gukanda uburemere ifumbire gakondo. Ariko, urubanza ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze, ni ikibazo gusa.
Laris yahataninova
Mugutegura ingingo, NPR.Cjo amakuru arakoreshwa, Agribusiness Global, umuhinzi wa kijyambere.