Imyaka itatu irashize, Vladimir Putin yashyize umukono ku itegeko kuri gahunda y'igihugu yo guteza imbere amarushanwa. Ibintu mu bukungu byasaga naho biteye ubwoba. Muri 2015, byaje kumenya ko Uburusiya bwagarutse vuba muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti mu bijyanye n'umutungo. Niba mu 2005 ibigo bya Leta bibarwa kuri 35% bya GDP, hanyuma muri 2015 - bimaze kuba 70%. Kuva mu bafatanyabikorwa basigaye, 30% barashobora kugerwaho ku mutwe w'abasirikare b'abanyamahanga, bita vuba mu gihugu nyuma y'ibyaha, ndetse n'abami b'itegeko rya Leta ", kimwe, ari umwe, bafitanye isano cyane na Leta kandi Abantu ba mbere. Kandi uzirikane ubukungu bwigicucu bigera kuri 20-25% bya GDP. Hanyuma biragaragara ko kugereranya hazabaho ikintu nka Hongiriya cyangwa Yugosilaviya, aho abantu boroheje bemerewe gutunga imishinga mito nigiciriritse, nazo, igihe icyo aricyo cyose gishobora gukuramo.
Oligarch rockefeller
Ibihugu byateye imbere ntibyigeze bibagirwa ibyo bategekwa kurushanwa. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya XV, Uburayi bwarebaga iburasirazuba. Abaturage ibihumbi 700 babaga i Beijing, no mu mijyi 10 minini yo ku isi, hari Paris ibihumbi 200 gusa. Nkuko umuhanga mu by'amateka nial Ferguson yaranditse, hashize imyaka 600 ku mwagezi wa Yangtze wamamaye kugeza ku gipimo ibihumbi 12 n'umuceri, n'indaro ry'abashinwa mu Bushinwa bagera ku bihumbi 11. Mu Bushinwa, bashizeho imbuto imyaka ibihumbi 2 mbere ya Yetiro Talla, n'itanura rya mbere rya domeni yo gushonga icyuma cy'icyuma - hafi 200 BC. e. Abongereza gusa mu 1788 gusa barahagaritswe no gukora ibipimo by'icyuma biyongera mu gihe cy'imikino 700. Amato ya Admiral Zheng Ari mu ntangiriro ya XV yafashe abantu ibihumbi 28 kandi yari nini kuruta uburengerazuba bw'intambara ya mbere y'isi yose. Ariko hamwe na 1500, Abashinwa, babonye mu kubaka icyombo hamwe na Masts arenga abiri, bakatirwa urwo gupfa. Imidugudu n'imijyi yo ku nkombe n'imijyi byashimishije byibuze km 15 uvuye ku nyanja. Abami b'Abashinwa basaga n'umwami wacu Nicholas, nanze kubaka gari ya moshi, kuko impinduramatwara ishobora kuza mu gihugu.
Muri icyo gihe, ubutunzi bwibihugu by'iburengerazuba bwakuze kubera amarushanwa. Mu Burayi, ikinyejana cya XVI, hari ibihugu bigera kuri 500. Muri 1500-1800 Espagne yarwanye na 81%, Ubwongereza - 53%, Ubufaransa 52%. Byasa nkaho iyi atari amateka meza yo guteza imbere ubukungu. Ariko ikoranabuhanga ry'intwaro ryateye imbere, ingamba z'intambara, zagize uruhare rukomeye mu kwigarurira ubukoloni. Intambara zikeneye kwishyura - amasoko yatejwe imbere, amasosiyete ahuriweho, imigeri, ubwenge bwamabanki bwavumbuwe. Tiny Porutugali na Ubuholandi bafite akazi cyane muribintu - bike bihora bikomeye kandi biracyari umuntu uwo ari we wese.
N'igihe capilislism yateye imbere kandi akangisha gusimbuza guverinoma n'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, iburengerazuba ntiwibagiwe iryo marushanwa ari byose. John Rockedeller yabaye umuganga wambere w'idolari mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, ariko isosiyete ye ya peteroli mu 1911 yavanyweho kandi igabanijwemo kandi igabanijwemo amategeko arindwi kubera amategeko arwanya monowo. Duhereye ku isoko, uyu muntu utumvikana yanze kuba umunyamerika watsinze. Ariko icyarimwe, Rockefeller Ntamuntu watoranije umutungo, ntabwo yashyize muri gereza, inzu yera ntiyateguye ku muhanda wa Wall "Mask Yerekana". "Kwiyumvaho cyane" byo mu 1940-1970 byabaye muri Amerika mu gihe cy'ubushakashatsi bw'abasosiyalisiti, biremewe na Epoki wa Ronald Reagan, igihe ingoyi za Leta zakodeshwaga mu bucuruzi. Kandi nubwo uyumunsi Sobation no kugabura muburyo bwimyambarire, mask ya Ilon ya 2021 yabaye umunyamerika ukize kurusha abandi miliyari 200. Muri icyo gihe, aba kure ya politiki na gahunda ya Leta. Rero, hamwe namarushanwa muri Amerika ntikiri mubi.
Omura
Nk'uko ibi logique, iterambere ry'amarushanwa mu Burusiya rivuguruza amasezerano yose yo mu gaciro kacu. Biragaragara ko udafite nyirubwite nta isoko nyayo, kandi nta marushanwa - umusaruro mwiza washyizweho nibicuruzwa byiza hamwe nigiciro cyumvikana. Ariko, umubare wibigo bya leta na komini uniciary mumyaka itatu gusa. Byongeye kandi, jerk cyane yabaye mu kutatera imbere cyane 2013-2014, iyo umubare wa gups wiyongereye uva ku 11, 2 kugeza kuri 25, 4, 4. Mubisanzwe abayobozi, kubinyuranye, bagurisha umutungo kugirango basunike isoko kandi babone amafaranga kumurimo wa lathing. Muri 2012, urutonde rw'ibigo binini bigomba kuganza abikorera ku giti cyabo byaguwe, ariko rero, nk'uko imigambi ya fas, "irahinduka." Nubwo Conjuncture yagenze neza, kandi umushoramari wiburengerazuba urugwiro ku munsi wa Overcumes muri Sochi.
Aha hantu, ubwonko bwabasomyi bushobora guhagarara kumpera: Yigishijwe ubuzima bwe bwose kuburyo iyo leta ifashe ikintu muri bourgeois cyometse - nibyiza. "Iburyo" abami Petero na Ivan biteye ubwoba babagizemo uruhare gusa - ibihugu bishyira hamwe, imbaraga zose - Mugenga, Boyar, ubutunzi - mu isanduku. Mu myaka ya za 90, abantu bafite uburakari bwa Roptal, ko ibimera binini bijya ku nkombe n'impeta nyuma yitwaga Oligarchs. Kandi muri 2000, impinga yo gukundwa za Produin yakunze, aho ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryaragaragaye - oligarsirts zarahatiwe, abaturage benshi ba mbere ingamba zifatika na bo basubijwe mu isanduku.
Kuki gitunguranye umuyobozi wa vuba wa Fas Igor Arsoryev yavugaga ko "urwego rwa Leta mu bukungu rwageze kuri" ikintu gitukura "? Nibyo, kubera ko ubukungu bwacu butakuze rwose kuri byose 2010, amaze kwinginze ibishoboka byose byiterambere ryiza mugihe gihenze. Kandi guhura na arteteeva ntabwo byari kuri demarche yose. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, Perezida Vladimir Putin yashinzwe - kugira ngo ashyire ingamba z'igihugu cy'iterambere ry'amarushanwa.
Logique yemewe ntabwo ikora hano. Ku ruhande rumwe, kongerwa umutungo wa Leta bifitanye isano rya bugufi no gushaka kuguma ku buyobozi: kugenzura umutungo, ntibyemera kugaragara kwa buruge na bo hagati. Ku rundi ruhande, kubura gukura no gukennye abaturage bituma uburozi ubwo aribwo bwose ko nta jack izafasha hamwe na firigo y'ubusa. Ubucuruzi bugomba gukura muri raporo za Rosstat gusa. Kandi Kremlin yahisemo kureba uko byagenda niba uretse inkongi y'umuriro n'amato muri banki imwe: mu marushanwa ya Pupolaye mu masosiyete ya Leta, amenyereye inyungu zabo zo guhatanira aya marushanwa.
Muri gahunda y'igihugu yasabwe na Arte sodevsky, "gahunda y'igihugu" yari ingengabitekerezo itoroshye: kuboneka ku isoko iryo ari ryo ryose ryo guhatanira byibuze ibigo bitatu, kimwe muri byo bigomba kuba byihariye. Amahame shingiro ya leta yiswe: Kugabanya umugabane wamasosiyete ya leta mu bukungu, agenga ubwisanzure bw'ibikorwa by'ubukungu, inkunga y'iterambere ry'ubukungu n'ubugari, bijyanye n'iterambere ry'imari, igamije iterambere ry'ishoramari mu ishoramari rya Leta. Muri 2019, amategeko yashyizweho umukono kuri iryo tegeko ashinzwe gushinga udups nshya kugeza 2025. Dukurikije amakarita y'umuhanda wa Leta, umugabane wa Gup na Mups mu isoko rya serivisi n'isoko rusange ryatangiye no kwiyongera mu mugabane w'ibigo byigenga muri sisitemu yo kwita ku buzima.
Nibyo, ingingo zingenzi zavuye mu ngamba: monopolies ya leta ntabwo ari ngombwa guhuza gahunda zishoramari muri fas, ibikorwa bya antitopole ntabwo bizaba ari urufunguzo mu mirimo yubushinjacyaha Bukuru bwa Porokireri. Abashinjacyaha babuze na gato muri gahunda y'igihugu, nubwo mu ruhare rwa mbere bahaye uruhare rwa "Umuhuzabikorwa wo kurwanya urwanya kwishyuza". Ariko icy'ingenzi: Ntabwo byabaye mu bukangurambaga bw'igihugu bwo guhatana, icyifuzo nticyari cyo gupfuka ku rugamba rwabahanganye na bagenzi babo bo mu miyoboro ya federasiyo. Mubisanzwe, rwiyemezamirimo ntabwo yigeze aba umunyu w'isi, yishyura imisoro n'umushahara, yirukanye, yirukanye kandi ikubiyemo abayobozi. Akomeje kuguma arengana utizewe, akubiye munsi ya neot yumuyobozi yitwara mubantu. Kandi ni iki gishobora "guteza imbere amarushanwa"?
Mubyukuri, byashobokaga, ugomba gucira urubanza imbaraga zishoramari ryigenga mubukungu bwu Burusiya. Niba nyirubwite, nk'ingora, yirukana amafaranga mu gihugu, bivuze ko nta guhatanira cyane muri yo. Niba kuri TV duhora tugaragara imbaraga zidasanzwe mubiro byumucuruzi utazimya muri politiki ni ikimenyetso kibi. Kandi niyo waba usaba PutIn, ntutera abacuruzi muri gereza, byibuze ntibisaba - ibintu byose bigumaho. Muze aho ari kare mu gitondo, nk'uko biri munsi ya Stalin, igihe abantu bose basinziriye, bakubita utuye imbere y'abana b'iteka, jya muri Komite ishinzwe iperereza. Ku manywa, bakurikiranye ubushinjacyaha, igihano cy'umucamanza cyakiriwe nk'ibitonyanga bibiri by'amazi bisa no gushinja ikirego cy'umuperesi, kandi kikajyanwa mu kigo cy'agafuzwa, aho umuntu usanzwe yicaye mu muryango ndetse n'abana. Kandi bigaragazwa no kwemera no mubintu byose! Bitabaye ibyo, sinzarekura! Kuki abashinzwe iperereza n'abacamanza batumva Perezida? Kuki abashinjacyaha batavuga ibikorwa byabashakashatsi? Cyangwa muribi kandi bigizwe namarushanwa - gutera umuntu ukeneye kandi angahe?
Umuyobozi wungirije w'ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi agira ati: "Urwego rw'iterambere rw'umugabane mu mashuri makuru agera kuri 30% ya GDP, no mu Burusiya hari hafi ya gatatu." Ubukungu bwa Valery Mironov. - Byongeye kandi, "ibanga" yingengo yimari ya leta yikirusiya muri 2014 yari 14%, ubu yarabaye nini cyane. Mu gihugu hari "ubwoko bwa leta bwa leta, aho leta igira ingaruka ku gisubizo cy'ishoramari cy'amasosiyete yigenga, abitunga muri bo umurwa mukuru muto.
Mbere gato yo kwirukanwa mu Gushyingo 2020, umuyobozi wa Fas Igor Artemyev yijeje ko "amakarita yo mu muhanda" kuri gahunda y'igihugu yashohojwe bitarenze 60%. Kurugero, munganda yimyanda muri 85% byamarushanwa yo mukarere kugirango ahitemo umukoresha waho, nta marushanwa yabaye - gusaba kimwe byagaragaye.
Kugira ngo leta yemeze irushanwa, Leta ntacogora kugenzura ubucuruzi, ariko yongera - ubwo ni paradox y'Uburusiya. Umushinjacyaha Mukuru w'Uburusiya Krasnov yavuze ko yashakaga gushimangira kugenzura amasoko ya Leta ku bugenzuzi bw'icyumba cya konti. Byaragaragaye ko mu myaka itanu ishize, umubare w'amasoko ya Leta wakuze kandi ugera ku 31% ya GDP. Ni ukuvuga, hafi kimwe cya gatatu cyamafaranga yigihugu azenguruka muri sisitemu, kure ukurikije amahame yayo yo mu gitekerezo cy '"isoko". Mbere y'umwaka mushya, Kremlin yasutse amavuta mu muriro, atangaza ko icyifuzo cyo kugenzura ibiciro byo gucuruza ibiryo by'ibanze.
Kandi mugihe gahunda nshya yo guteza imbere amarushanwa ya 2021-2026 yatanzwe, ikiganiro cyerekeye ububyutse bushoboka bwa kaminuza ya Leta buzamvikana. Birashoboka ko azaryozwa kandi amarushanwa mugihugu.
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