Muri iki gihe, Maur yitwa Mauritans kandi ni umwe mu bantu benshi bo muri Afurika. Batuwe na Repubulika ya Kisilamu ya Mauritaniya, iherereye ku bwato bw'amateka y'imiryango. Uyu ni abantu b'icyarabu, batandukanye cyane n'abaturanyi babo, kubera ko abakurambere b'Abaminiwani bari imiryango yarwanye na Berber.
Muri iki gihe, umubare w'abaturage ba Mauritania bageze kuri miliyoni 3, kandi bose bari bafunzwe n'umuco wa kera, kandi bakaba baratsinze inzira igoye yo kuguza no kuvanga n'andi moko. Imiterere yabantu ba Moorish bahagarariye inzira ndende, ariko uyumunsi abahagarariye bishimira amateka yayo. Niki gishobora kutubwira inkuru ziyi moko? Kuki Maurique ya none bafite ibintu bike bikunze kuba hamwe nabakurambere babo?
Kugaragara kwa Mauriti
Mauritani bafatwa nk'abakomoka ku miryango ya Beshber ya Gethulov na Santhaji. Mu ikubitiro, ifasi ya Mauritania ituye mu miryango ya kera ya Aborigines, ariko igipimo kinini cy'abatsinze berber, byabereye muri I mukimbwe cya BC, byari impamvu yo gusunika abaturage baho.
Kubera ubumuga bwo gucuruza ubukoloni n'Abaroma muri Afurika, abakurambere b'Abaminiya bashoboye gushimangira ibyo batunze. Guhora bivanga n'imiryango idahwitse, imiraba myinshi yo kwimuka yateje kugaragara kw'abaturage ba Mauritania.
Abaturage bo muri Mauritaniya bamaranye ubuzima bwe bwose bashaka urwuri y'amatungo yabo, amafarashi yazamuye amafarasi. Aba bantu bahinduwe kugirango babeho mubihe bibi, mubutayu kandi mugihe bihebuje. Njye mbona, mubyukuri aba Mauritaniya ari bo muri Mauritaniya bahanganye bahanganye ba ba barembya bose bagiye mu nzira yabo.
Mauri - Abarwanyi bakomeye
Mauri nta gukabya kwari abarwanyi beza. Bo n'abanshidian bahagarariye abatwara ibihe byiza by'isi ya kera. Abahanga mu by'amateka ya kera bavuze ko isura y'amafarasi (icyakora, nk'uko abayireba ubwabo) bari bamerewe neza, ariko iki gitekerezo cyahindutse uburiganya igihe binjiraga mu rugamba. Umuyobozi w'ingabo za Byzantine Salomo yasobanuye abatavuga rumwe na Moorish:
"Ibyinshi mu ntego zabo, kandi abafite ingabo babafata imbere yabo, mugufi kandi bitakozwe nabi, bidashobora kwirukanwa muri kopi n'imyambi."Ibisobanuro bimwe byemejwe namashusho kuri trayan inkingi. Abasirikare ba Moorsish baburirwamo nta ntwaro, amafarasi yabo arakomeye, kandi ni ingabo ntoya gusa iragaragara.
Nubwo intwaro nk'izo zambere, Mauritani ntirwari munsi yingabo zimbaraga zikomeye zo kwa kera, ndetse nabaroma. Ariko, abaturage ba Mauritaniya bari bafite amayeri yabo nubuhanga bwo kurwana. Intwaro ikomeye mu maboko ya Mauritan yari igicucu, kikaba icyuma cyambaye umwanzi udakoresheje imikandari idasanzwe.
Hafi ya buri gihe abagore nabana bajyanye ningabo za Moorish. Ibisobanuro by'ibi byari imibereho idasanzwe, kubera ko abantu batashoboraga kuva mumiryango yabo nta buringanire. Muri icyo gihe, abagore Mauritanki ntibahaye ubwoko bwabo bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina ikomeye. Musenyeri Kyreni umunyabyaha muri 411 yiboneye ibintu bidasanzwe:
"Nababonye (Mauritani) yagaburiye abana babo, yirukana abana babo umwanya."
Paruwasi y'abarabu
Ubukangurambaga bwa gisirikare bwa Mauritani bwamaze ibinyejana byinshi, buri gihe yagura nyirubwite. Mu kinyejana cya Xi, abantu bakora leta yabo, bitwawe n'ubwami bwa almoravid. Muri iki gihe, ibizaba ku isi yose biratangira, kandi idini rishya ryegera imigenzo yabanjirije iyi.
Mu kinyejana cya XI2, imiryango ya Araba Arabiya yateye akarere ka Mauritania, izana umuco mushya n'ubuzima. Itangira guhangana n'abaturage n'abatsinze, ariko aba nyuma bahinduka gukomera.
Bimwe mu miryango ya Berber yahatiwe gusubira mu mwiherero, igice cyavangwaga n'umunyamahanga. Igisubizo gihinduka kurakara burungirwa nabaturage ba Mauritania, no muri Mauritani ba none harimo maraso menshi y'Abanyarabu kuruta Berber. Ariko, nubwo bimeze bityo, urufatiro rwabantu rwabaye rubbe.
Sosiyete ya Moorish
Mu gihe cye cy'ubwami, Aba Mauriti ni ugushinga sosiyete. Hinana yabaye urwego rwohejuru, kandi Marabuti yabaye icyiciro gikurikira. Gukomoka muri Marabt byari icyubahiro kuri Khasanov. Icyakora, abantu benshi bo muri Mauritania bari Xenag, abakomoka kuri Berber na Negroid.
Muri iki gihe cyacu, amahame ya Islamu yabaye ishingiro ryimyitwarire y'Abanyakoniti. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, abagenzi bavuze ko muri Mauritania, abagore bumva koderemo kuruta mu bindi bihugu by'abarabu. Iremewe gushyikirizwa ubutane (mugihe yishema ryimpamvu), kurongora kubisubizo byabo. Nubwo abagore ba Moorish bavuga ko bonyine birukana isi y'Abarabu, imiryango yabo n'amahame y'ubuzima bakomeza beber.
Mubuzima bwa buri munsi, Mauritani bakoresha imvugo ya moorish, ni uw'imvugo y'icyarabu. Igice kinini cyabaturage bo muri Mauritaniya bavuga igifaransa. Ibi biterwa nuko igihe kinini Mauritania yari umukoloni wabaye ubukoloni bw'Ubufaransa, bwagaragaye ku migenzo n'imigenzo imwe n'umuco by'intoki zigezweho.
Ku bantu benshi, Mauritani bakomeza kuba umwe mu bantu bafite amayobera, wagize ingaruka zikomeye ku mateka ya Espanye na Porutugali. Abahanga mu by'indimi bamenya ko ururimi rwa Mavrov rugoye cyane mu bushakashatsi, ariko ibi ntibibuza abashishikajwe na Mauritania n'inkuru ye. Nzi neza ko abo bantu bazashobora gukingura ikintu gishya kandi, nta gushidikanya, bitangaje mu bakomoka kuri Berber n'abarabu - Mauritans.