Uyu munsi kuri gahunda ya Coronavirus, hashize kubona isi yose muri mas maswa z'ubuvuzi. Abaganga barashaka uburyo bwo koroshya imibabaro y'abarwayi, muri laboratoire ziragerageza gukora imiti rusange irwanya Covidi - 19, no kuri TV no ku mbuga z'amakuru buri munsi n'imibare yo gukira no gupfa. Birasa nkaho ibindi byose byimukiye inyuma.
Biragoye no gutekereza ko umunsi umwe icyorezo cya 202 kizahinduka indi ntambwe mumateka yabantu. Ariko bitinde bitebuke bizabaho. Niko bimeze ku ndwara zose ziteje akaga. Mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri, umugabo ubora ari muzima kuva kuri Rash - ubuswa. Ariko mubyukuri ibinyejana bibiri bishize byari muburyo bwibintu. Kandi ntibishoboka ko ikintu cyahindutse, niba kidakingiwe.
Osp
Niba urebye amafoto yabantu bahuye numukono hashize imyaka ijana, ntabwo ubwayo. Ibisebe bitwikiriye 90% byumubiri ntabwo ari umuyaga ugezweho. Kandi nta ngaruka zijyanye n'ingaruka. Kimwe cya gatatu cyabarwayi bapfiriye mu ifu, kandi ibisigaye byera byabonetse ku ruhu rwihendutse, bibi cyane - impumyi.Abaturage bo muri Afrika no mu bihugu byuburasirazuba hamaze kugerageza kurwanya iki gitero. Muri societe ya kera, batekerezaga guteza urumuri rwindwara guteza ubudahangarwa. Kugirango ukore ibi, irose ifu ikozwe mu mashyiga yuzuye kandi yimenyekanisha munsi y'uruhu rwa Pus muri dosiye nto. Byarafashije, ariko ntabwo ari byinshi. Ibyo ari byo byose, abantu badahungabana baragumye. Kandi ntabwo bizwi uburyo ubushakashatsi bwubumuga burakomeza niba atari mu nyigisho yicyongereza Edward Jenner.
Mu 1796, habaye kumva: Umuganga w'intara yashizeho mu muhungu w'umunyamuryango umunani ushingiye ku ... icyiciro cyo gutwika. Byasaga naho ari ishyamba ko umuti wagenwe wanze kwakira Jenner hamwe no guhanga udushya. Ariko, uburyo bwatsindishirije. Umwana ugerageza yakiriye kurinda indwara beto kuri iyo ndwara kandi yashoboraga kuba mucyumba kimwe nanduye. Mu gukurikizwa kw'ibiyobyabwenge, amaherezo yemeje ikinyejana nyuma, igihe babigenzuye ku basirikare b'ingabo z'Ubwongereza.
Uyu munsi, virusi z'ibicurane zirahari keretse muri laboratoire. Na Edward Jenner yakiriye amatangazo y'iposita. Ndetse n'ijambo "urukingo" ubwaryo ruva mu gifaransa cyakoze cy'Abafaransa - inka, nk'icyubahiro cyo kwibuka kwa muganga.
Soma kandi: Akazi Covid-19. Nigute bagerageza kuvura bava muri Coronavirus mu bihugu bitandukanye?
Igituntu
Dukurikije amashuri yicunga, igituntu cyabayeho kera mbere yigihe cyacu. Abahanga basanze ibisigazwa by'abasaza ba kera bafite gutsindwa biranga, kandi ibimenyetso by'indwara zivugwa mu nkomoko ya Babiloni.
Biragoye kwiyumvisha umubare babantu babakoreye nabo infashanyo mumateka. Mu kinyejana kimwe cya Xyili, yagoretse kimwe cya kane cyabaturage b'uburayi.
Kubwukuri ko tutakorora, igice ukeneye gushimira umuganga wumudage Robert Koha. Igihe kirekire kandi cyigeze kireba uburyo igituba gikura ku ngurube z'igitubuka, kandi mu 1882 zarambwiye mu bihe byanduye kandi nyuma yimyaka 8 ishize urukingo rwa porovine. Ikaramu ya mbere ntiyatsinzwe, ariko abahanga bafashe icyo gitekerezo kandi amaherezo batera ibiyobyabwenge byemera uwo. Igitundezi cyubwoko bushya kirimo igituntu cya MycobaCerium ntabwo ari abantu gusa, ahubwo no mu bwoko bwa bavine.
Polio
Poliomyelitis birashoboka ko ari imwe mu ndwara zirwaye cyane. Hanze, ntishobora kwigaragaza, ariko ingaruka zayo zatewe. Abana banduye kera (nkitegeko, Polio yibasiye ibinyabuzima bitoroshye bya bana bato) byagaragaye ko bimugaye. Umuntu yaretse kugenda, kandi umuntu yapfuye azimye - palsy yageze imitsi ya pulnary.Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya makumyabiri hari uburyo bukabije bwo kurwanya ipoili - icyo bita "ibihaha by'icyuma". Umuntu mumyaka myinshi yashyizwe mububiko buremereye bwa Ventilation. Birakwiye kuvuga ko ubuzima buri mu icyuma cy'icyuma byari bibi kuruta urupfu?
Urukingo rwakozwe na muganga wa Amerika Jonas Salk mu 1952. Nyuma yimyaka icumi, mugenzi we Albert Seybon yateguye verisiyo yateye imbere yimiti. Igice cya kabiri cyikinyejana cyaranzwe no kurwanya indwara ya poliomyelitisi kwisi yose.
Noneho ababyeyi barashobora guhumeka mu bwisanzure: Nwaruweho mu bihugu hafi hafi ya byose. Ikintu cyonyine, yigaragaza muri Afuganisitani, Pakisitani na Nijeriya, ariko abana bake ku mwaka barababara.
Reba nanone: Ebola na Coronamenye: Niki kibi cyane?
Iseru
Ariko hamwe na cortem ntabwo ari nziza cyane. Iyi ndwara yandura cyane irashobora kuneshwa hakoreshejwe urukingo rwahimbwe nko mu 1963, niba ushizemo 95% by'abatuye isi. Ariko ibi birinda ibintu bibiri.
Ubwa mbere, ntabwo ibihugu byose bifite ibiyobyabwenge. Ibihugu bikennye byo muri Afrika biracyagwa cyane kandi bivurwa mu kigo gifite imiti. Guhindura iki kibazo, ukeneye gutera inkunga bikomeye. Muri 2020, wasabye miliyoni 225 z'amadolari kuri Loni kugira ngo barwane amakambi mu bihugu bya gatatu byisi - tuzareba niba aya mafaranga azafasha.
Icya kabiri, mu Burayi na Amerika, urujya n'uruza rwa "anti-ruskeks" rutangwa, twizeye ko kubera inkingo harimo urukingo ndetse na patology havuka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, igice kinini cy'abantu kizitira kutagira kirengera imbere y'imigezi, kandi icyorezo cy'ikinya icyorezo gishobora kubaho ahantu hose, harimo n'umujyi wawe.
Soma kandi: Urukingo kuva Coronavirus cyangwa gukata imbaga?