Wibuke ko iyi ngingo ari gukomeza inkuru yatangiye kuvuga kuri botulinumyone. "Ibintu byose ni uburozi, byose ni imiti. Byombi bigena igipimo, "Iyi nteruro yitirirwa umuganga uzwi cyane wo mu Busuwisi na filozofiya, abanza ya farumasi igezweho ya paracelussu. Kwemeza amagambo ye ni ibiyobyabwenge hafi ya none, ariko imwe mu ngero zitangaje ni zitulinumoxin.
Amateka ya "Sausage Toxin": Kuva Intwaro za Biologiya kugeza imiti
Ibimenyetso by'ibiribwa ku nshuro ya mbere byasobanuwe mu buryo burambuye mu 1817 umuganga n'umusizi w'Umunyarwandakazi n'umusizi Justinus. Yatekereje ko toxin runaka iganisha ku bumuga bw'imitsi ku barwayi, kandi isaba ko uburozi bushobora gukoreshwa mu mirire. Muri iyo minsi, icyorezo cy'uburozi cyabaye mu bantu bariye sosiso yamaraso. Ijambo "isosi" rivuga mu kilatini nk'uko kukisi, abahanga mu bya siyansi bita boulism nshya.
Mu 1895, bagiteri w'Ububiligi Emil Van Ermenghem yiga undi kuri flash y'uburozi mu mujyi wa Elzeleles. 34 Abacuranzi 34 bakinnye gushyingura, nyuma yaho barya saa sita. Bidatinze, bari bafite ihohoterwa ry'iyerekwa, intege nke rusange, ibibazo byo kumira, imvugo, kubura guhumeka. Mu cyumweru, abacuranzi batatu barapfuye. Impamvu yabyo yahindutse umukene Ham. Gukora iperereza ku byabaye, Emil Van Ermengem bwa mbere yavumbuye kotulinum wand clostridium botulinum maze yiga toxine. Byaragaragaye ko iyi ari imwe muri poisons ziteye akaga - igipimo kiri munsi ya 0.05 μg gishobora guhita abantu.
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya XX, habaye indi miraba yo gutaka kw'amacumu yabereye muri Amerika. Muri kiriya gihe, byari bimaze kumenya ko bacterialia iteye akaga igwira mubicuruzwa byafashwe nabi. Yahatiye abakora kunoza ikoranabuhanga, kandi abantu batangira kumenyesha akaga ko mu rugo rwafunzwe. Nyuma y'Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, toxinum toxin yafatwaga cyane nk'intwaro y'ibinyabuzima.
Gusa mu mpera za 1960, nyuma yimyaka hafi magana abiri nyuma ya Kerner Gay Gay, Botulinum yakurikijwe bwa mbere nkibicuruzwa bivura. Iki gitekerezo cyabaye kuri Amerika ophthalmologue alan B. Scottu. Yatangije toxin kumitsi yijisho rya macaque kugirango ihuze neza. Igeragezwa ryagenze neza kandi bidatinze ryasubiwemo mubantu. Ingaruka ya cosmetologiya ziterwa nibiyobyabwenge zishingiye ku biyobyabwenge zabonetse ku bushake, mu gihe cyo gukoreshwa mu bikorwa by'amasako. Mu 1989, ibiyobyabwenge bishya byemejwe muri Amerika kugira ngo bivunjire bya blefarospasm, Strabismus hamwe na Mersonals Days. Yatangiye ibihe bya bonulinitherapy.
Nigute ibikorwa bya botulinum-toxinum?
Uburozi bwa botulinical ni ibiyobyabwenge bidasanzwe, kandi ntabwo ari ukubera ko ari uburozi bubi cyane. Gusa mu biyobyabwenge bike, uburyo bwo gukora bwarizwe neza mbere yo gutangira amavuriro, kandi bake cyane bashoboye kunoza imiterere y'abarwayi.
Gushima imitsi imitsi byatanzwe binyuze mu nzego zidasanzwe - Synapses. Nibice bigufi hagati ya neuron membranes na selile yimitsi. Mu mpera nziza irimo ibibyimba bidasanzwe hamwe na molekile-umuhuza) - acetylcholine. Iyo imitsi yishimye, acetylcholine yanyuze mu buryo bworoshye kandi ikorana nabasesenguzi ku mutsima wa Kallrane. Mu mitsi ivuka umunezero, kandi iragabanuka.
Amato ya Botulinum afitanye isano nindamba ryimitekerereze kandi ihagarika itota ya acetylcholine. Nkigisubizo, umunezero ntunyura, kandi imitsi ntishobora gukora akazi kabo. Toxin itera motinones mumahembe yimbere yumugongo hamwe nimitsi yo mu gaciro, imitsi yo mu mibereho, kimwe na nervice izerera, imitsi yoroheje mu ngingo zimbere. Mugihe cyuburozi, umurimo wimitsi ikorera cyane nimbaraga: glazing, pharynx na larynx, hamwe nubuhumekero.
Niyo mpamvu kwigaragaza kwindwara - kutagira icyerekezo, kubogama mumaso, kurenga kumyitwarire yumunyeshuri, ibibazo byo kumira, imvugo, guhumeka. Iyo patulumi toxin ikora imitsi yabanje gukora neza, irabya nyakubatse kandi itera leta zangiza ubuzima. Inyungu zidahuye zitangira aho hari imitsi yo kwisiga.
Hariho ubwoko burindwi bwa botnulinum toxin yakozwe na serotypes zitandukanye za clostridy. Basobanuwe ninyuguti za latin a, b, c, d, e, f na g. Nibyiza cyane mumyitozo ngororamubiri A na B. Kugeza ubu, ibishoboka byose byo gukoresha toxine c, d na F. yize cyane.
TheRapeutic Botuline-toxin iboneka muri laboratoire iturutse kuri clostridium ya bagiteri. Isuku, isukurwa muri Vials kandi ikorerwa Lyophilisation - ubwoko bwihariye bwumuke, mugihe ibiyobyabwenge byahagaritswe, hanyuma igitutu cyagabanutse, hanyuma igitutu cyagabanutse cyane, nkibyo amazi ahita ahinduka steam.
Muri iyi leta - muburyo bw'ifu - Toxin ipakiye kandi yoherejwe ku ivuriro. Mbere yo gukoresha, ibiyobyabwenge bigomba kuvanaho saline. Imyenda ya Botulinum ipimwa mubintu bita byimbeba. Igice cyimbeba imwe kirimo ibiyobyabwenge byica kimwe cya kabiri cyimbeba zirimo gupima garama 20 mugihe cyiminsi itatu nyuma yo guterwa mu cyuho.
"Amasasu ya Magic"
Hashize imyaka ijana, umuganga w'Ubudage, umuvandimwe w'Umunyarwandakazi na bagiteri Pawulo Erlich yatangije ijambo "amasasu". Yarose gukora imiti ubwayo yabonye icyateye iyi ndwara akayisenya, ntangamira umubiri. Erlihu yashoboye kumenya igitekerezo cye - yaremye imiti ya mbere ya antibacterialial mu mateka - Sulfonamide. Kuva icyo gihe, "amasasu menshi" ya "magic" yagaragaye mubuvuzi. Umwe muri bo yari botulinumoxin. Yafashaga guteza imbere imiterere y'abantu benshi barwaye indwara yo mu kirere no kurenga.
Kumenyekana bwa mbere mu bashumba-abanyabwenge Bottoople yabonetse kubera gukora neza muri dystonia. Izi ndwara zirangwa no gutandukanya imitsi idashidikanywaho, nkigisubizo cyumurwayi akora ingendo utabishaka, umubiri wacyo ufata umwanya udasanzwe. Iri tsinda ririmo pathologies nkinzira ya blefarospasm - kugabanya imitsi izenguruka ijisho; Hemifacial spasm cyangwa igihe cyo kugabanya imitsi igice cyumuntu; Dystonia Intertonia nigabanuka mumitsi y'inkondo y'umura, bigatuma ijosi riva mu mwanya usanzwe, wibanda ku maguru - Spasm mu matsinda amwe cyangwa amaguru amwe.
Ntabwo ari byiza toxinum toxin yometseho mugihe uhuza indwara za spastic - Impagarara za patologiya yimitsi, iboneka muri ubumuga bwo mu bwonko, ibikomere byinshi, gukomeretsa ubwonko, kwangirika kw'amatungo, kwangirika. Cyane cyane iyi miti yari iy'abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu bwonko.
Bafashaga kugarura imikorere ya sisitemu ya musculoskeleskeleskeletal, kugirango birinde ibibazo bikomeye by'amagufwa kandi bakeneye kubagwa, basubije amahirwe asanzwe yumwana. Botinotherapie muri SpricLeder ya Spric ifata neza cyane hamwe nibindi biyobyabwenge, imikino ngororamubiri yubuvuzi, massage na physiotherents.
Bulinumoxin Uyu munsi
Kugeza ubu, inshinge za botululinumoxin zikoreshwa nkubuvuzi bwingenzi mubarwayi benshi bibanze cyane (mukarere kamwe) hamwe nimirongo (mukarere kegeranye) dystonia. Ubusanzwe ubushakashatsi bwambere bwivumburo ibisubizo byasohotse mu 1987, bwerekanye imikorere mikuru yiyi miti. Kurugero, hamwe na blephaline, ibintu byatezimbere cyane muri 90 ku ijana byabarwayi. Ingaruka zo ku mpande zavutse mu gihe kitarenze icumi ku ijana, ntabwo byari biteje akaga kandi byanyuze mu byumweru bibiri.
Mu Burusiya, ibiyobyabwenge byo mu rugo bishingiye kuri botulinum, bitanga mikorobe ya npo microgen ku buryo bwuzuye bwa Nazimbile Homer Rosterrax. Iterambere ryayo ryatangiye mu 2001. Ibiranga ibiyobyabwenge ni urugero rwo hejuru rwo kwezwa, tubikesheje gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kuri barbecue nyinshi na gel chromatografi, gutandukana kwa GEL CHROMATOGRA, hamwe nigihe cyo guhura nacyo.
Uyu munsi ibiyobyabwenge bikoreshwa neza kugirango urwanye imitsi yibaraza ryibaraza na nyuma yo gukubita, Blemyafarpasm na Axillary Hyperydro. Ibiyobyabwenge by'Uburusiya byanyuze mu bigeragezo byose bikenewe. Imikorere yacyo n'umutekano byagaragaye nimyaka myinshi yo kwitoza. Noneho isosiyete ikomeje gukora kugirango yagure ibimenyetso byerekana ikoreshwa rya Botulinum Ikirusiya cyatulinum mukarere ka neuurologiya.
Usibye icyerekezo cyose cyavuzwe haruguru, hari ibimenyetso byerekana imikorere ya butuli nubwoko butandukanye bwumutwe. Muri bo, nk'urugero, Migraine ni indwara aho ububabare bukabije muri kimwe cya kabiri cy'umutwe barahangayikishijwe, akenshi baherekezwa na Nasesea, kuruka, kwiyongera k'umucyo n'amajwi. Ubundi bwoko nibyitwa kubabara umutwe, ukurikije amakuru amwe, bari mubitera ubumuga busanzwe (kimwe mubintu bigira uruhare mu iterambere ryabo ni ugukomera kumitsi ya gihanga).
Ibuye rya Cervicogenic rivuka biturutse ku kuguma igihe kirekire mu mwanya utoroshye, hamwe n'imitwe imwe n'imwe, no kubarwanya nazo zikora neza "uburozi bw'indwara." Amato ya Botulinum ntabwo akora ku mitsi, imitsi yo mu mutima, ahubwo no ku sisitemu yigenga yigenga, ikoresha imikorere yinzego zimbere, zikirere butandukanye. Uyu mutungo usanga kandi usaba.
Kurugero, ubuyobozi bwintangiriro ya selile ya botululinum ifashwa na hyperydrosis yibanze - yiyongereyeho ibyuya murwego rwibiganza, ibirenge, umposita. Iyi ndwara irwaye abantu 3 kugeza kuri 15%. Ntabwo ari byiza gutanga ibindi biyobyabwenge, kandi ibikorwa, aho imitsi yimpuhwe zaciwe ziherekejwe ningaruka nyinshi. Syndromes nyinshi zububabare mumubiri wumuntu zifitanye isano nimitsi idakira, kandi otulinum irashobora kandi kuba ingirakamaro. Mbere ya byose, ibi nibihugu nka fibromyalgia, syndrome ya MyFofasme, ububabare budakira, ububabare bwinyuma, umuvuduko wa tempomandibular.
Mbere kuri imwe mu nama z'ibiruhuko "Weinovsky yasomwe" Umuganga w'abaganga w'ubuvuzi, umwarimu w'indwara zo kwihera indwara za Minisiteri y'Uburusiya Diana Krasavina, ishakisha imikorere ya bolilinity yo gutabara kandi Syndrome yababaje y'abana ifite ubumuga bwo mu bwonko, yagize iti: "Ikiyamba n'ububabare bijyana. Kera turema inshinge ya therinity yubuvuzi muri spastique yimitsi ya spricle, amahirwe make tuzatanga ububabare. "
Amato ya Botulinum ntabwo akora ku mitsi, imitsi yo mu mutima, ahubwo no ku sisitemu yigenga yigenga, ikoresha imikorere yinzego zimbere, zikirere butandukanye. Uyu mutungo usanga kandi usaba. Hariho ibibazo, abifashijwemo na botululumu, salorore (amacandwe) yashizwemo uburwayi bwa Parkinson, scleropi yindwara ya parkutson hamwe nizindi mvururu za NeuroEgeneneSne.
Ingaruka zo mu mukino wa Pathologies zijyanye n'imitsi mu ngingo zimbere - kurugero, urukwavu (Anism (Anism arimo kwinginga sphincter sphincter, ibice byubwami) Imyiteguro ya Botulinum toxin ikoreshwa muri neurology imyaka irenga mirongo itatu, ariko ubushobozi bwabo ntibwari umunaniro. Abahanga bakomeje kubishakira no gufungura ubuhamya bushya.
Inkomoko: Ubumenyi bwambaye ubusa