Iyi nkuru itangira, rimwe kandi iracyahinduka iteka ryahinduye kwerekana abahanga ibijyanye na satelite yimibumbe yibihangange byizuba.
Urugendo runini - Voyager
Mu mpera z'ikinyejana gishize, Nasa yari afite gahunda ikomeye yo ku rubanza, aho abahanga bateganya kohereza ibikoresho bine by'izuba kugera ku mibumbe yo hanze. Babiri mu 1977 - kuri Jupiter, Saturne, Pluto, abandi babiri bo mu 1979 - kuri Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune. Ariko, akenshi bibaho mu nganda zo mu kirere, guverinoma y'Amerika yagabanije cyane inkunga y'umushinga. Yakize ashyigikiye gahunda imaze kwemerwa ya Shttl - kuva miliyari 1 z'amadolari kugeza kuri miliyoni 360 z'amadolari. Inzobere za Nasa zavuguruye umushinga maze mpitamo kohereza ibibiri aho gukora ibibazo bine. Nibyo, numubare wimibiri yikizamini. Aho kuba batandatu ubu, hari batatu muri bo: Jupiter, Satar, Titan. Isi yanyuma yari ishishikajwe cyane. Urutonde rurimo kuberako aribwoyoya bwonyine bwizuba, bufite ikirere.
Urukurikirane rwa Mariner rubanda rubiri rwateguwe mu ndege: "Mariner - 11" na "Mariner-12". Ibirori byo muri ubu bwoko bwa NASA byakoreshejwe kuva mu 1962, mu bihe bitandukanye byoherezwa i Venusi, Mars na Mercure. Gahunda ya Grand Rorumer yahinduwe Mariner Jupiter-Saturn, kandi mu 1977 umushinga wahawe izina rishya - Voyager. Noneho ikibazo cyiswe "Voyager-1" na "voyager-2". Bombi bagiye mu muhanda mu 1977 bafite itandukaniro ry'iminsi 16. Ubusanzwe byateganijwe ko ubuzima bwa serivisi bwibikoresho yaba imyaka 5, ariko, nkuko mubizi, indege yabo yagiye imaze imyaka igera kuri 44.
Kamera "Voyagerov"
Mu bwato "Voyagerov" hari kamera ebyiri za tereviziyo - ubugari-inguni kandi ikaramu. Intara yibanze ku midugudu yabo MM na MM 1500, inguni ya 3.2 ° na 0.42 °. Urubuga rwa NASA ruvuga ko ibyangombwa byurugereko rutoroshye bihagije kugirango dusome ikinyamakuru kiva kure ya km 1. Muri kiriya gihe, aya yari kamera yateye imbere yigeze ishyirwaho ahantu h'umwanya.
Amakuru yibikoresho yakijijwe kuri dibbon ya dibbon. Mugihe cyo kwiga umubumbe cyangwa icyogajuru cye, aya makuru yakusanyirijwe hejuru cyane kuruta uko yimuriwe ku isi. Muyandi magambo, mugihe cyo kurenga kuri iyi si, iperereza ryarabivuze, amafuti 1000, kandi kwibuka byari bihagije kuri 100 gusa. Kubwibyo, kwihutisha kohereza 100 gusa Umwanya munini wo gutumanaho urusobe rwibanze rwumwanya (DSN). Dukurikije urubuga rwa NASA, amakuru ya Voyager-1 yoherezwa kwisi kuri 160 BPS, metero 34 na metero 70 dsn zikoreshwa muguhabwa ikimenyetso.
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Buri kamera ifite impeta yacyo, irimo orange, icyatsi kibisi, irashobora guhuzwa no kubona amashusho mumabara meza ye.
Hano hari urugero rwo kurasa "Voyager-1" ukoresheje muyungurura. Ishusho yisi n'ukwezi ikozwe mu ntera ya miliyoni zigera kuri miliyoni zigera kuri miliyoni zigera kuri bibiri nyuma y'ibyumweru bibiri nyuma yo gutangiza ikipe:
[Inkuru ya Snapshot mubikoresho byacu: "Ishusho yambere yisi nukwezi mumateka. Gusenga Snapshot, hashize imyaka 43 zakozwe "voyager-1" "]
Jupiter na IO
Mu ntangiriro ya 1979, Voyager-1 yatangiye gufunga Jupiter. Mu gihe ugereranije, yakoze amashusho ya Satelite nini ya Gasayi. Amashusho yaya satelite ntabwo yatengushye abahanga. Impuguke zatekereje ko mumashusho ya voyager-1, bari gutandukana kimwe, ariko aho kuba inyenyeri, isi yagaragaye hamwe na geologiya yihariye, ntabwo ari nka geologiya yukwezi kwacu.
Muri satelite zose za Galilaya, abaturage basanzwe bayobewe na Io. Dukurikije ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, IO yasaga naho abahanga nk'umubiri arenze ukwezi, ariko nanone yari afite ibyo akora. Ku buso bwifuzwa bwa satelite ya Jupiter, abahanga biteze kubona ubwitonzi bwumunyu utandukanye. Ariko io yahindutse kuba isi nyayo - amayobera nta crater ihungabana, yuzuyemo imyanda idasanzwe yumuhondo, orange na cyera. Amashusho ya mbere ya Satelite nini ya gaze yasunikishije abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere ko inzira zimwe na zimwe za geologiya zigomba kubaho kuri io, "zasubiyeho hejuru y'imigabane y'ingoma."
Muri Werurwe 1979, Voyager-1 yafashe ifoto ya Io ku rutonde rurerure ku ntera ya km miliyoni 4.5 yafunguye umwenda w'amayobera y'uyu kwezi.
Mu ishusho, inzobere za Nasa zabonye igicu cyari mu birometero amagana hejuru ya "kumurikira" io. Iyi foto ni:
Ubwa mbere, abahanga batekereje ko abo ari bagoretse gusa mugihe cyo kurasa, ariko nyuma yo gusesengura birambuye ko igicu cyari ukuri. Kubera ko Io ifite ikirere cya SQUESFE CYANE, Abahanga mu bumenyi bw'izibumenyi bashoje bavuga ko igicu ari ikicu gituruka ku birunga bikomeye cyane. Yahawe izina p1.
Nyuma gato, abagize itsinda ryubushakashatsi bwa voyager basanze andi gari ya moshi kumupaka wamanywa nijoro (ternator) ya Io, byasobanuwe na P2.
Amakuru mashya yoherejwe na Voyager-1 yerekanaga ko P1 ari ibisubizo byibikorwa byikirunga gikora, nyuma yitwa pele, na p2 ifitanye isano nigitereko cya pachera, aho ikiyaga cya lava.
Impuguke zaje ku mwanzuro ko kuri IO, kandi birashoboka cyane ko ari impamvu ya "umuhondo, umuhondo, uwambayeho, orange, orange, orange, orange, ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, sulfure, dioxyde de sulfure.
Ku yandi mashusho ya IO, wabonetse na Voyager-1, abahanga bavumbuye imirongo umunani y'ibirunga.
Gufungura Ingaruka n'ibikorwa byakurikiyeho Satelite bya Ropiter byafashije abahanga bumva ko IO ari isi ikoranabuhanga mu zuba mu mirasire y'izuba, uyu munsi igizwe n'ibirunga bigera kuri 400.
Ibikoresho byahinduwe mumiyoboro yacu
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