Gusobanura ibyagutse bya Leningrad, feat ye nububabare, abanditsi benshi, batababaje rwose.) Kubyatubayeho rwose, kubwimpamvu zabo, kubwimpamvu yibagiwe ko umuriro wumujyi wahungabanya Ntibishoboka niba bidashyizwe mu bikorwa n'ingabo za Finilande.
Finns, amaze gutangira ikibabaje muri Ladoga ya OneGhos ku ya 10 Nyakanga 1941, arayifata, mu ntangiriro za Nzeri, mu ntangiriro za Nzeri, ku ntangiriro za Nzeri, ku ntangiriro za Nzeri, ku ntangiriro za Nzeri, ku ntangiriro za Shir, tariki ya 30 Nzeri yashyizwe ahagaragara na perrozavodsky.
Kuri Isthmus, Finans yatangiye kuva ku ya 31 Nyakanga 1941, maze mu mpeshyi bagiye ku mupaka wa kera, ni ukuvuga, Uwo yafungiye kuri Isthus ya Karelian ku "Ntambara" y'imbeho (Thesoeti -Intambara yo mu Gushyingo 1939 - Werurwe 1940). Kuva Leningrad, ubu batandukanije kilometero mirongo itatu.
Muri Kanama 1941, itegeko ry'Ubudage ryatanze Marshal Carl Moyheim (Carl Gustaf Emil Godiim Godiim Godiim Moysheim), umuyobozi w'ikirenga w'ingabo za Finilande, kugira uruhare mu guhagarika amajyepfo, ndetse no gukomeza ibitero by'amajyepfo ya Umugezi w'icuraburindi wo guhuza Abadage baza i Tikhvin. Ariko finns yahagaritse ingabo zabo kandi ntiyigeze akora intambwe ikurikira.
Iyi myitwarire yabujije ya sidesheim zimwe na zimwe ntabwo abantu bafite ubumenyi mumyaka yashize batangiye gusobanura umwanya wihariye, bakekwaho kwifashisha imyitwarire yabo. Uyu mwanya usobanurwa na kahise ke - Godheim, umunyeshuri w'intambara y'Uburusiya-Ikiyapani n'intambara ya mbere y'isi yose, yabaga i Petrograp, yanze umuyaga, yanze umuyaga kandi urasa umujyi, Yari azi kandi akunda.
Ventheim ntabwo yari umushyitsi w'imirwano yakorewe Leningrad - Umujyi wa Finns umujyi ntiwatewe ibisasu kandi ntirwarukanye, shyira impumuro ndende mu karere kayo b'Abadage ntibyari byemewe.
Ariko mubyukuri, kubwimpamvu zitandukanye zo kuzamurwa muburyo kuburyo bidashobora gucengera mukarere ka Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti.
Ubwa mbere, ingabo zitukura kuri Isthmus yishingikirije kuri sisitemu yigihe kirekire cya Karelian Wigenonon, mu muyaga waciwemo kabiri, ufite umubare muto w'ibigega biremereye ndetse no kubeshya, ntibabishoboye.
Icya kabiri, ingaruka zikomeye ku mwanya wa Desheim wari uw'igisubizo kibi cyane cya Amerika n'Ubwongereza kugira ngo bafate ingabo za Feroniya na Inkombe z'umugezi wa Svir, ni ukuvuga, uturere twari inyuma ya sovieti ishaje - Umupaka wa Finilande. Ku ya 5 Ukuboza 1941, Ubwongereza bwatangarije intambara muri Finlande nyuma yo kwanga guhagarika imirwano irwanya USSR.
Icya gatatu, abasirikare b'ingabo za Finilande batangiye kwanga kwimura umupaka ushaje - ntibumva impamvu amaraso agomba kwera mu karere k'undi.
Rero, ntabwo ari abanyacyubahiro bo mu myifatire kandi ntibakunda urukundo mu Burusiya na Perrograpp yahagaritse igitero cy'ingabo za Finilande mu rugendo rwo 1941. Ventheim ntabwo yari imbata idasanzwe, ahubwo yari ifite umunyapolitiki utabona neza, ushyira mu gahanga, watsinze impungenge z'ejo hazaza h'umuryango wa Finlande, ntabwo ari Uburusiya. Yasobanuye ko yanze kugira uruhare mu gufata Leningrad muri Gashyantare 1942 kubera ko "nta kirusiya kitazigera yibagirwa niba tubikora."
Byari byiza gutangaza ko Leningrad "umujyi ufunguye"?
Mu bihe by'Abasoviyeti, iyo asobanuye ko Leningrad yarubatse, ingero z'umuntu w'intwari no gukunda igihugu bigeze biba mu mujyi, umurimo wabo wiyemeje mwizina ryatsinze, ubufasha bwabo bwitangijwe. Gusa mu myaka "bamenyekana", hanyuma nyuma yo gusenyuka kw'imbaraga z'Abasoviyeti, byashobokaga gushimisha ishusho nyayo yo kubabaza cyane no kubabara ku mugabane wa Leningrad yagoswe. Kandi mu gice cya kabiri cya 1980, benshi mu barokotse abarinzwe, hamwe n'abaturage ba Leningrad bafite imyaka, kandi abantu gusa bashishikajwe n'amateka ya vuba ya se, ntibashobora kugira ikibazo: ariko birashoboka ko iyo Iterabwoba ryo kuzuza ibidukikije byujuje ibiranga sinister, kora ikintu kugirango ufate ibyago bibi? Kandi birashoboka ko bitari ngombwa kurinda Leningrad kugirango tubone ubwicanyi kandi buhoro - ntabwo byari byiza kubitangaza hakurikijwe ibikorwa mpuzamahanga "Umujyi ufunguye" kugirango wirinde kurimbuka no kwirinda kurimbuka no gupfa , Ibi byakozwe na guverinoma y'Ubufaransa muri Kamena 1940, iyo wegereje Paris of progaramu ya Wehrmacht yegereye Paris?
Viktor Astafiev¸ umwe mu banditsi benshi b'Abarusiya bo mu kinyejana cya 20, mu kiganiro n'ikinyamakuru cya Pravda ku ya 30 Kamena 1989, yavugaga nk'ibi: "Miliyoni Ubuzima ni uw'umujyi, kuko agasanduku? Birashoboka kugarura ibintu byose, kugeza kumusumari, kandi sinzagaruka ubuzima ... no hafi ya Leningrad? Abantu bahisemo kurimbura abandi bantu ku ibuye. Kandi mbega urupfu rubabaje! Bana, abasaza ... "
Ibitekerezo byavuzwe haruguru biracyafite abashyigikiye benshi, ariko hamwe no kubaha bidasanzwe Viktor Astafyev, umwanditsi ufite impano ndetse no kunegura ubugome bw'imodoka ya Stalin Cirtitari y'igitambatu, birakenewe ko vuga neza kandi bidashidikanywaho: iyi ngingo ntabwo ari byo.
Mbere ya byose, kubera ko abamushyigikiye bibagiwe: Hitler yayoboye intambara yo kurwanya issr (bitandukanye nintambara) ", yambaraga umuntu", wambaye imico ", yambaraga umuntu w'ingengabitekerezo afite intego yo kwihishwa - kwigarurira" umwanya utuye "Mu burasirazuba.
Mu ntangiriro za Nyakanga 1941, Hitler yahisemo "guhangana na Moscou no gutsemba ku isi kugira ngo akureho burundu abaturage b'iyi migi." Mu mpera za Kanama 1941, Hitler yanze gufata umugambi wo gutera Sturm Leningrad, ingabo z'Abadage zahawe itegeko rivuga ngo: "Hagarika umujyi w'impeta ya Leningrad, hafi bishoboka ku mujyi ubwawo, kudashyira imbere ibisabwa n'amategeko, Birabujijwe ko umujyi uri mu gisirikare. "
Byongeye kandi, byateganijwe: "Buri wese agerageza gutsinda ibidukikije kugira ngo abuze ibidukikije, nibiba ngombwa, akoresheje intwaro."
Rero, niba no leningrad yatangajwe "Umujyi ufunguye" cyangwa watangaje ko yiyeguriye, ntushobora gushidikanya ku Badepite n'abatuye umujyi, bagerageza gutoroka mu mujyi wagiye, wasangaga insinga .
Abadage ntibagiye kugaburira Leningradians, finns ntizashoboye
Agace k'ibihimbano birwanya siyanse bigomba kuba bikubiyemo kureba ko hamwe n'icyifuzo cyo gutanga umujyi bigomba koherezwa kuri Finn. Abayobozi b'Abadage bafite intambara yatangiranye na bagenzi babo bo muri Finilande uruhushya rwo kwinjira mu karere k'Abasoviyeti, bageze kuri Neva, harimo n'igisubizo kibi, ariko buri gihe nta bikoresho byo kugiha abaturage b'abasivili. "
Kandi mubyukuri, mu 1940, hatangijwe imigati, amavuta, inyama n'amata byatangijwe muri Finlande, mu ntangiriro ya 1941 - amagi n'amafi. Kubura ibicuruzwa byibanze byiyongereyeho byiyongera hamwe na Finlande yinjira mu ntambara mu 1941.
Finlande ntizishobora kwifata "wenyine" Lenings yinzara azumvikana niba dusuzumye ko abaturage bacyo bari abantu ibihumbi 3 ku bihumbi 864 - miliyoni 2 abantu ibihumbi 45, kandi bose hamwe n'abaturage bo mu nkengero zari Mu mvugo ihindagurika abantu miliyoni 287 ibihumbi.
Kandi kubijyanye no gufatwa kwa Leningrad, abayituye bategereje ko bameze nabi kuruta mubyukuri. Abadage ntibagiye kubagaburira, finns ntiyashoboye.
Kumenya Umwanzi: Ubushake bw'abaturage bwo kurwanya ntibyacitse
Igihe kirenze, hagaragaye indwara ya Leningrad ntabwo yatakaje umwanya wa Halo gusa, ariko wanditseho iri jambo ni ibaruwa shingiro) lenmitradians yagaragaye imbere yacu mu gihe giteye ubwoba kandi icyarimwe - byashimangiye cyane cyane! - Umucyo wintwari.
Mu bihe, iyo kubaho byoroshye kubiri kuri twe, ubu ntibishoboka, "bidashoboka" mubisubizo byanditse kuri enterineti) "ntabwo byahindutse ubushyo bwuzuye kuri enterineti, yiteguye gusinzira y'umugati wuzuye, ntibyatakaje icyubahiro ubushobozi bwo gukora, gutekereza ku mahanga, kwiga no gutera imbere. "
Kuba yarahaye ubutwari no kurwanya abasirikari b'ingabo zitukura, gutinyuka cyane ku nkombe za Nevsky, reka tubivuge neza kandi tudashidikanywaho: Ingamba zabo zaba zipfunyitse mu ruhube, niba ari Ntabwo ari ibyo kwigomwa kwinshi kwabanyagihugu basanzwe, bamaze guta inzara n'imbeho - ariko hamwe no kwizera intsinzi!
Ikintu cyamatsiko - 19 Gashyantare 1945 Reichsführer Ss Henrich Gimmler (Heinrich Himmer), icyo gihe ingabo za "Vistula", zoherejwe kubayobozi ba Berlin, boherejwe ku ngabo za Etwel Ku cyerekezo cy'Ubudage n'abaturage bo mu mijyi y'Ubudage bafashe urugero nabo.
Himmur yaranze ati: "Ubushake bw'abaturage bwo kurwanya ntibyacitse. "Urwango rw'abaturage twahawe rwabaye moteri y'ingabo ikomeye." Uku kumenyekanisha umwanda bihenze!