Ishoramari, cyane cyane ku isoko ryimigabane, birasa nkaho bigoye kubijyana wenyine. Mubyukuri, abantu bose barashobora kubyumva, ugomba gusa gusuzuma neza ibisobanuro birambuye.
"Fata kandi ukore" ubwira aho uzatangira gushora imari - hagamijwe intego no guhitamo ibikoresho mbere yo gutegura gahunda n'ibikorwa bya mbere.
1. Shira intego
Ishoramari iryo ari ryo ryose rigomba kugira intego. Bitabaye ibyo, ibyago byinshi byo kumena no kumara kwegeranya kubintu byambere bishimishije. Hano hari ingero zintego zishobora gutorwa kubishoramari bizaza:
- Kugura binini (inzu, inzu, imodoka, imashini);
- umushinga munini (gusana, kwimukira muyi mujyi cyangwa igihugu);
- urugendo;
- uburezi;
- amafaranga yinjira;
- pansiyo.
2. Kuraho imyenda minini
Niba ufite inguzanyo zifite umubare w'ijanisha rirenze inyungu zigera ku ishoramari, babanje kubafunga. Bitabaye ibyo, uzaguma muri MINUS, kuko inyungu ku myenda zizorohereza inyungu zishoramari mu ishoramari.
3. Shiraho ibigega byamafaranga
Ikigega cyamafaranga nigice cyamafaranga mugihe cyihutirwa nko gutakaza akazi, ibibazo byubuzima butunguranye, gusenyuka ibikoresho binini, nibindi. Ikibindi kizafasha gufata igihe kirekire gishoboka kugeza ikibazo gikemutse. Kurugero, mbere yo kwakira akazi numushahara wambere ahantu hashya. Byiza, ibigega byamafaranga bigomba kuba bihagije mugihe cyamezi 3-6 yubuzima utinjiza. Ishoramari ridafite ububiko bwamafaranga bifitanye isano ningaruka. Mugihe cyihutirwa cyambere bizagomba kugurisha umutungo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, dushobora gutakaza igice cyagaciro kabo, niba mugihe cyo kugurisha byasabye amafaranga.
4. Hitamo igikoresho cyo gushora imari
- Kubitsa. Bafatwa nk'ishoramari ritekanye, kubera ko amafaranga y'amafaranga asanzwe angana no kuzirikana ifaranga. Kurinda kwirundanya na yo no kongera umurwa mukuru gato, ushora imari kuri konti zo kuzigama hamwe ninyungu.
- Umutungo. Mubisanzwe, abashoramari barayigura kugirango bagurishe cyangwa gukodesha. Iya mbere igufasha kubona inyungu ziva hagati yo kugura no kugurisha, kandi icya kabiri ni amafaranga asanzwe. Ariko, bigomba kwitondera ko ishoramari mumitungo itimukanwa risaba igihe cyingenzi nigishishwa kinini cyambere.
- Undi mutungo ufatika. Ibi birimo imodoka, ibihangano, gukusanya, amabuye y'agaciro n'ibyuma.
- Ububiko. Kugura imigabane, uba nyiri igice cya sosiyete ibarekuye. Imigabane irashobora gukura cyangwa kugwa mubiciro, hanyuma ibisubizo byimari yishoramari bizaba itandukaniro riri hagati yo kugura no kugurisha igiciro. Byongeye kandi, isosiyete irashobora gusangira igice cyinyungu no kwishyura inyungu kubanyamigabane.
- Bonds. Kugura ubumwe, utanga inshingano zo guhangana nazo zasohoye impapuro zifite agaciro. Birashobora kuba ibigo byigenga, uturere twa komini cyangwa leta. Igiciro cyisoko kubibazo bihinduka muburyo bumwe nkububiko, bityo umushoramari rero arashobora kwinjiza ku itandukaniro riri hagati yo kugura no kugurisha igiciro. Byongeye kandi, uwatanze umunyamadini yishyura inyungu ku gipimo cyerekanwe muri prospectus yumutekano. Mubisanzwe kabiri mu mwaka.
- Amafaranga. Aya ni amashyirahamwe yihariye akusanya impapuro zuzuye: imigabane, imigabane, nibindi. Ugura igice cyibanze, ubona igice cyishoramari portfolio yizihiza igiciro cyacyo cyose. Amafaranga arashobora kugufasha guteranya impapuro zuzuye portfolio udafite ubushobozi bwo kugura buri wese kandi ukurikize imbaraga.
Gushora muri umutungo wa gatatu ushize uzakenera gufungura konti ya Brokerage.
5. Suzuma igikoresho cyatoranijwe
Buri gikoresho cyishoramari gifite umubiri wacyo. Basuzume mbere yo gushora. Nkuko amakuru yamakuru abereye:
- Inzitizi zihariye za interineti kubashoramari batangiye;
- Ibitabo n'ibitabo (urugero, Bestsiller Benjamir Graham "umushoramari ushyira mu gashoramari");
- amasomo kumurongo kuva kuri brokers nini cyangwa imbuga za interineti (kurugero, EDX cyangwa amasomo);
- Abashumba bashora ishoramari;
- Imbuga zinzego zamakuru aho ushobora gukurikiza ibyabaye mubihe biheruka kwisi.
6. Shakisha ishoramari ritandukanye nibitekerezo
Ishoramari ni umutungo wimari cyangwa ibintu byumubiri byabonetse kugirango ubone amafaranga yinyongera cyangwa yongere ikiguzi mugihe kizaza. Ibisobanuro ni ugugura amafaranga no kugurisha. Ifitanye isano ningaruka zikomeye zo gutakaza igiciro cyose, ariko icyarimwe hamwe ninyungu zikomeye. Ku ishoramari riranga:
- igihe kirekire gutegura;
- impuzandengo y'ibyago;
- Ibyemezo bishingiye ku kwishyura no mu bipimo by'imari.
Ibitekerezo bitandukanijwe:
- Igihe gito hagati yo kugura no kugurisha umutungo;
- urwego rwo hejuru;
- Ibisubizo bishingiye kumakuru ya tekiniki (kurugero, imbonerahamwe yagaciro k'imigabane), psychologiya n'ibitekerezo byawe bwite.
Ibitekerezo bitwara ibyago byinshi byo kubura igishoro, kugirango bakwitonda kandi ntibatitiramo ishoramari.
7. Kora gahunda kandi utangire gushora imari
- Kugena ingengo y'imari. Reba uburyo ushobora gutanga ishoramari. Ibi birashobora kuba umusanzu umwe (kurugero, niba ushaka gushora kuzigama) cyangwa buri kwezi. Mu rubanza rwa nyuma, birasabwa kugenera ishoramari kugeza kuri 20% byinjiza buri kwezi. Niba bisa nkimibare minini cyane, gusa igasubize gusa neza ubungubu, kandi mugihe, kongera umubare.
- Shyiramo igihe ntarengwa. Menya igihe ushora amafaranga. Biterwa n'umugambi wawe. Bimwe ni imiterere yigihe kirekire (kurugero, inzu na pansiyo), abandi ni igihe gito (ingendo no gusana).
- Urwego rwo kwitabira ishoramari. Tekereza uburyo uruhare rugaragara witeguye gufata kugirango ushushanye Portfolio yawe. Abashoramari bagabanijwemo ibikorwa (bo ubwabo bafata ibikoresho, bakurikiza neza imbaraga zabo kandi bagatanga umwanya munini) kandi bagahera igihe kinini) kandi bagahesha agaciro (bahitamo gushora imari mumafaranga, aho portfolio yamaze guterana).
- Ibyago. Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko ishoramari mubikoresho byose bihujwe nibibazo. Kubwibyo, shora gusa ayo mafranga udakenera mumezi make. Usobanure kandi igishushanyo cya portfolio witeguye kwakira, kandi ntabwo. Bitewe rugero ya ibyago, guhitamo ibikoresho more bumira ishoramari kuko nshingano (kubitsa, ingoyi) cyangwa, ku Ahubwo, w'inkazi (imigabane).