Ingingo isobanura ibyavuye mu nyigisho yasohotse mu kinyamakuru Acta astronautica. Kuva mu Kuboza 1972, abakozi ba Apollo-17 basubiye ku isi, ikiremwamuntu ntigitandukana n'inzozi gusura ukwezi. Muri 2017, Guverinoma y'Abanyamerika yatangije gahunda ya Artemis, intego yacyo ni indege y "umugore wa mbere n'umuntu ukurikira" ku giti cy'amajyepfo y'ukwezi na 2024.
Muri gahunda ya artemis, hateganijwe gukoresha urubuga rushya rwa LUNBAR nka sitasiyo zihoraho, ahantu hahoraho, uhereye aho bigarukira bizatanga icyogajuru ukwezi. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'igitekerezo gishya cyasabye iterambere rya gahunda nshya yo kugwa hejuru yukwezi. Uyu munsi, amasosiyete yigenga kubisabwa NASA arimo akora ubushakashatsi bwo gukora module nshya yo kugwa, ariko iterambere nibisubizo byinyigisho byakozwe ntibyari bimaze.
Umunyeshuri wa Master's Skolteha Kir Latysthev, Umunyeshuri urangije Nikola Garjuriti, umwarimu wa Porofeseri Alessorsto Garcar na Porofeseri Mit Edward Crown Ingero zizere cyane kuri gahunda ya Artemis. Mubikorwa byamateka "Apollo", kurugero, module yukwezi yakoreshejwe mu kugwa no gukuramo intambwe ebyiri ukwezi no gusubira mu bwato, kuva mu bwato ku kwezi.
Abashakashatsi bava mu kwibwira ko urubuga rw'irembo rw'ukwezi ruzaba ruherereye hafi ya Halo Orbit hafi ya Lagrange L2 Ingingo - Iyi orbit Uyu munsi - Ikibanza cyatoranijwe cyashyizwe ahagaragara kuri pole yepfo y'ukwezi. Abahanga bagereranya itandukaniro aho abakozi mu kibuga cy'indege bane bazamara iminsi irindwi ku kwezi, zitandukanye umubare w'intambwe n'ubusa bwa lisansi. Muri rusange, 39 kuri sisitemu izaza yo kugwa umuntu ku kwezi yarasesenguwe. Harimo kugereranya amahitamo asezerana cyane mugiciro cyumushinga
Ikipe yakoresheje uburyo bwuzuye bwo gusuzuma ubundi buryo bwo kwikuramo module yo kugwa mugusesengura urutonde ukoresheje moderi. Ubwa mbere, abahanga bagaragaje urutonde rwibanze rwibisubizo byubwubatsi, harimo umubare wintambwe na lisansi ya lisansi kuri buri cyiciro cya module yo kugwa.
Amakuru yabonetse yavuzwe muri make muburyo bw'imibare y'imibare, abifashijwemo n'abahanga bakora ubushakashatsi bwuzuye bwo kwiga amahitamo yo kubaka sisitemu, guhuza ibisubizo bitandukanye byubwubatsi. Ku cyiciro cya nyuma, ibisubizo byakiriwe byasesenguwe kandi byatoranijwe amahitamo bishobora gushimisha abagize uruhare mubikorwa byamanuka kumanuka.
Isesengura ryerekanye ko kuri sisitemu ikoreshwa yubwoko bwo gutera apollo, igisubizo cyatsinze cyane kuva mumiti yose ya lisansi, ubwinshi bwumucyo kandi agaciro kagabanijwe uzaba ubwubatsi bibiri . Ariko, kubera amato akoreshwa, ateganijwe gukoreshwa murwego rwa gahunda ya Artemis, icyiciro kimwe na sisitemu yibanze kuri bitatu itangira guhatana na kabiri.
Urebye ibitekerezo byose byatanzwe mu ngingo, birashobora gutuma umuyobozi "utagabanijwe" mubisubizo byigihe gito akoreshwa hamwe na module imwe ya ogisijeni ya ogisijeni (lox / lh2). Ariko, abanditsi bashimangira ko iyi ari isesengura ryibanze gusa, aho ibintu nkumutekano byabakozi, amahirwe yo kuyobora, ndetse ningaruka zubuyobozi bwumushinga bitareba. Kugirango ubaze ibi bintu, kwigana birambuye bizakenerwa mugihe cyakurikiyeho.
Kir Laystshev ivuga ko, murwego rwa porogaramu ya Apollo, injeniyeri ya Nasa bakoze isesengura risa kandi bahitamo module ebyiri. Ariko, muri kiriya gihe, gahunda y'ukwezi yubatswe kubwubatsi butandukanye, aho nta nyakubahwa cyangwa aho byashobokaga gushyira module yo ukwezi hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege hagati yindege. Ibi bivuze ko ingendo zose zagombaga gukora ziva mu butaka ukoresheje module y'ibihimbano, ni ukuvuga gukora ibikoresho bishya kuri buri butumwa. Byongeye kandi, mugihe hatabayeho sitasiyo yukwezi, gukoresha sisitemu yintambwe eshatu, bisuzumwa mugihe cacu, ntabwo bishoboka.
Ati: "Mu bushakashatsi, twakiriye ibisubizo bishimishije: Niba dusuzumye ibikoresho byabigenewe, bigaragaye ko na sitasiyo ya Orbital, urashobora gukora intambwe ebyiri yo kugwa, urashobora gukora module ebyiri zo kugwa (module isa na apollo") hamwe na misa ntoya ya porogaramu na lisansi n'amazi yo hepfo, muri rusange yubahiriza igitekerezo, yemejwe muri gahunda "Apollo". Ariko ikoreshwa rya module ikoreshwa rihindura byose.
Nubwo ibikoresho bimwe kandi bitatu bimaze kurenga bibiri-icyiciro cyayo, batwemerera gukoresha inshuro nyinshi (hafi 70 ku ijana, ntabwo ari 60, nkuko biri kuri module ebyiri), mugihe cyemewe Umuzafuni ati: "Gutanga bigura ibikoresho bishya kuri sitasiyo ya orbital, biganisha ku kugabanya gahunda y'ukwezi muri rusange."
Yongeraho ko ikintu cyingenzi mugushushanya sisitemu yigihe cyakozwe ni umutekano w'abakozi, ariko gusuzuma iki kibazo birenze urugero rw'ubushakashatsi. Ati: "Umutekano ni ikintu cy'ingenzi guhitamo gahunda yo kugwa biterwa. Gukoresha module nyinshi birashobora gutanga amahirwe menshi yo kugaruka kwumutekano kuri sitasiyo yukwezi mugihe cyihutirwa, nikihe cyiza cyamoko yicyiciro cyinshi kuva kuri "sisitemu imwe.
Bitandukanye na module imwe, sisitemu ebyiri cyangwa eshatu-stage igufasha gukoresha kugirango ugaruke abakozi bombi guhaguruka no kugwa module. Muri icyo gihe, biteganijwe ko, kubera uburyo bugoye, sisitemu ebyiri na gatatu na gatatu zizaba zirenze ibyago byo kunanirwa kwa tekiniki ugereranije na sisitemu imwe.
Ni ukuvuga, guhitamo hano biroroshye - Buri gahunda ifite ibyiza n'ibibi, "yongeraho ibibi." Mugihe kizaza, abahanga bateganya kwagura urwego rwimirimo yabo no gukora ubushakashatsi bwuzuye bwubwubatsi buke bwibikorwa byubushakashatsi, aribwo igice cyingenzi muri gahunda zose zitanga ibyiringiro kukwezi.
Inkomoko: Ubumenyi bwambaye ubusa