Mubisanzwe, Abayapani batangiye gutungura isi yose bafite ubushobozi bwo gukura mundabyo ntoya yindabyo zijimye yibihuru n'ibiti. Kugira kwiba imbibi zubuyapani, ubu buhanzi bwakwirakwije isi. Noneho ibiti miniature bafite imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, bigaragara mu ngo z'abatuye mu bihugu by'Uburayi n'ibihugu byo muri Aziya, ndetse n'umugabane wa Amerika.
Hirya no hino ku isi, imurikagurisha ry'ibihingwa bya dwarf byatangiye gukorwa. Ibigo bidasanzwe, gukurikira imyambarire, yatangiye guhinga ibiti bya miniature bigurishwa. Na gatoya, twigihuru, imigano na pinusi yimiterere ya Bizarre yaciwe binyuze mumaterane itandukanye, amaterasi na Windorces hamwe na Windoresi.
Bonsaayi ni iki?
Izina ryubuhanzi bwibimera bya Bonsaayi igizwe nibice bibiri. Imwe yerekana ikintu kimeze nk'icyombo gikwira, kandi icya kabiri ni inzira yo guhinga ibimera. Umuco Bonsai ubwayo washinze imizi mu nyigisho z'amadini zo muri Aziya.
Bonsaai numuco wa kera wari ugeze kuri Xviii mu Buyapani n'Ubushinwa bw'Icyubahiro cy'Abanyacyubahiro n'abayobozi b'amadini. Birazwi ko imyaka ya kopi za kera muri iki gihe munzu ya kiyapani igera kumyaka 500-700.
Mu Burayi, ubwo buhanga bwa kera bwaguye mu mpera ya XIX mu mvuriro ya Xyili mu imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga i Paris, nyuma, mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 - i Londres.
Guhinga ibiti bya minoature biterwa n'amahame runaka:
- Gushinga umutiba nkurwego nyamukuru, ruzabera kumvira amashami yose yigihingwa;
- kwirinda kimwe kijyanye no gushinga igiti;
- Kubuza gukoresha umubare urambuye wibiti usibye bibiri.
Ibimera muri tekinike ya Bonsai bihingwa muburyo bukurikira:
- Miniature Bonsai. Igihingwa gihingwa muri tekinike gifite uburebure kuva cm 6 kugeza kuri 15 noroshye.
- Icyumba bonsai. Iri tsinda ririmo ibimera bito bikunda cyane. Amakopi nkiyi yumwaka wose arashobora kuba mu nzu kandi ntakeneye amahoro yimbeho.
- Miniature. Bonsaai, yashizweho muri ubu buhanga, bwororoka ahantu hose h'imiterere, usibye igihingwa ubwacyo, kandi harimo ibindi bintu bisanzwe - urugero, inkombe yikiyaga cyangwa uruzi rutemba. Ibi birashoboka hamwe no guhitamo amabuye, ibikoresho byimboga, ubutaka.
Umuco wa Bonsai bisobanura igishushanyo mbonera. Kuba umunyamahanga kuri kamere, igomba kuba yumvikana. Ibintu byose bigomba kuba byumvikana: kandi byatoranijwe neza, nuburyo bwigiti cyibimera n'amakamba, kandi ibintu byo gushushanya, imyidagaduro ibisobanuro birambuye bikikije igikari muri kamere.
Ni ngombwa kwita ku guhitamo inkono. Mu miterere n'amabara, ntagomba guhatanira igihingwa. Byinshi Byakunzwe ni igicucu cyijimye nubururu.
Guhagarara munsi yinkono bifite akamaro kanini. Ukurikije impuguke mu murima wa Bonsaayi, iki nikintu cyingenzi cyibigize.
Nigute wakwita kuri Bonsaa?
Ubwitonzi bukwiye ni ngombwa cyane kubihingwa bya minoature.
Mbere ya byose, birakenewe gutanga intara ikwiye. Bizatwara umwanya mwiza ku idirishya, ni ngombwa cyane cyane kwitondera itara ryiza mugihe cyigihe cyizuba. Kubura byoroheje nimwe mumpamvu nyamukuru zitera kwangirika kwa leta yibimera bya Bosea.
Ikindi kintu cyingenzi cyo kwitaho, aho leta yibimera biterwa nigihe cyo kuvomera buri gihe.
Bonsaai ahingwa cyane cyane mu mbuto, nubwo amabuye adakemwa ashobora kugwira muburyo bw'ibimera.
Byakamaro gakomeye mu kwihingamo byometse kuri substrate, cyane cyane kubera umwanya muto wo guteza imbere imizi. Ubwoko bumwebumwe buhinga muri MCC, kubera ko yitabira ibisabwa hafi ya byose kuri substrate: ifite imiterere yagaruye, irashobora gufata amazi nintungamubiri.
- Byinshi mubibazo byikumva neza mubice bigizwe numucanga n'ibumba ryiza.
- Kubimera bimera kandi bikabi, hus yadindizwa byongewe hasi.
Gushiraho iboneza byigituba nimbaguke ni ubuhanzi burimo tekinike zitandukanye. Kugirango wirinde gukura bitari ngombwa byigihingwa, imizi n'amakamba, bonsai byaciwe buri gihe, ngerageza gukora ibibanza byo gutema bidashoboka. Ubwoko rusange bwibimera mugihe cyo gutegura bigomba gukizwa.
Ingano nubunini bwinkono biterwa nuburyo nubunini bwigihingwa, bikarangira. Mu bushobozi buhebuje bufite ingumba zikomeye cyangwa ubwoko bwa Ampelphic. Kubiti bikwirakwiza ibiti, oval cyangwa ibigega bya kare birasabwa. Gukura ahantu hahamye rwose byatewe muburyo bwurukiramende cyangwa kare. Munsi yabyo hagomba kubaho umwobo wamazi arenze urugero, kandi ubuso bwuzuye hamwe no guhindagurika bizagira uruhare rutinze kubutaka.
Ni ibihe bimera bikwiranye na bonsai?
Abandi benshi bahinga umwaka umwe murugo barakwiriye:
- Ishusho yubwoko butandukanye, urugero, ficus benjamin, muri Aria, igiti ibihumbi, ibiti ibihumbi, mulechativate;
- Cocostsks yubwoko butandukanye, Brirr, Rosemary, ubwoko bumwebumwe bwa sirani na geranium nabwo bufatwa nkubwoko bukwiye;
- Ibimera byiza - byanze bikunze, byerekanwe na juniper - kugumana isura ihoraho.
Kugwa mu biti n'ibihuru, nubwo nta mibereho yabo n'ibihe bidasanzwe byo kubaho, bazima mu gihe cy'imikino iranga, kandi mu mpera z'amabara menshi, no mu rupapuro rushya, kandi imbuto.
Byinshi mubimera bikwiranye no gushinga ibihimbano muri tekinike ya Bonsaa bibaho kuva tropics na subtropics. Basaba kwitondera bisanzwe, kumurika neza no kuhira mugihe. Ubuvuzi bukwiye nicyo gisabwa kugirango ushyireho neza ibigize Bonsai.
Umwanditsi - Ekaterina Majorova
Isoko - Sprangzhizni.ru.