Icyiciro cyingenzi mubuhanga bwo guhinga ibihingwa byimbeho ni ugusubukura ibimera nyuma yo gutsinda. Mu ab'envuma wa gihe ni ko na ntangiriro mbere guhindura shampiyona gukura, iterambere ibihingwa winter riboneka mu ibyangombwa afutse weather na gito munsi umucyo, bikaba bituma ari ngombwa mico bihagije na Ibintu nyamukuru ibiribwa, macro na microelements byombi.
Gufata ibikomere by'ingano ku bihingwa byihutirwa kandi byanditse bituma bishoboka kongera umusaruro utanga umusaruro, kandi ku byateye imbere kugirango wongere umusaruro wa spike. Kugirango ubwiyongere bwibimera bwigifunire, bwarakozwe mubyumweru byambere gusubiramo ibimera, birakenewe gutanga umuco ufite azote akenewe muri azote.
Naho ifumbire ya fosishori na posk, mubisanzwe bazanwa mbere yo kubiba, kugwa. Ariko, mumyaka 20 ishize, intangiriro yabo, ugereranije na azote, yagabanutse cyane. Ikwiye kandi yavuze ko ikibazo phosphate na potash imirire ibimera ni ko ibigega mbumbe bintu mu ttaka benshi rukomeye cyane, ariko umugabane n'impapuro ntiyama guhaza bakeneye ibimera.
Gutanga ibimera bimukira mu gihe cya Fosiphorus nandasi birashobora kunozwa no gushimangira imyaka ihingwa rya fosifori no kwitegura imyiteguro ya bagiteri mu ikoranabuhanga mu buhanga. Noneho, kubyo kugaburira gukomereka byikuza kandi imbeho y'ibihingwa byintendo, birasabwa gukoresha Evercomplex-BTU.
Sogoza - Imyiteguro yibinyabuzima yakozwe na sosiyete ya Btu-Center, ikubiyemo intera ya bacill subtilis bagiteri, ya bacill megaterium var. Fosifericum, AzoTobacter Chroococcmum, EnteRobaCter SP., Paenibacillus Polymyxa hamwe na selile zose zinyuranye (0.5 - 19 CU / CM3
Igikorwa cya Grapix kigamije kunoza uburyo bworoshye no kugenda mu butaka bwa fosisasim ya fosishorus no guhanahana ibicuruzwa, ndetse no kwiyongera muburyo butandukanye bwa azote mu butaka; Kongera ibintu bifatika byerekana intungamubiri ziva mu ifumbire 1.2-1.5; Guteza imbere ku buntu ku bimera bya silicon; Kunoza ibikorwa bikabya ubutaka, kunoza ubutaka, kandi kandi hariho gukurikirana neza umuco ukurikira.
Birashoboka gukoresha imyiteguro yibinyabuzima muburyo bukurikira: Munsi nkuru kandi yabanjirije kuvura ubutaka, bukurikiranye mugihe cyo guhinga, hamwe no muri Ranu.
Ku buryo bwo guhuza amafaranga hamwe na bagiteri
Mu bihe bya laboratoire, hakorwa ubushakashatsi ku buryo buhuriweho kumenyekanisha imfungwa za kamera na cas, aribyo imbaraga z'ifumbire ya azote ku buryo bwa bagiteri amasaha 2 na 4. Igenzura ryatanze amazi ya sterile (imbonerahamwe 1).
Imbonerahamwe 1. Ingaruka za Carbamide-ammoa imvange (cas) kuri mikorobe ya mikorobe ya biologari yimbuto
Mu bisobanuro byose, urwego rwa Bioprepaperation Test Test hiyongereyeho amafaranga ntabwo yagabanijwe ugereranije no kugenzura. Ibisubizo byerekana ko impenga ishobora gukoresha hamwe hamwe na Carbamide-ammoa imvange ya karbamide-ammonia (cas).
Muri 2017-2020. Umusaruro ubushakashatsi mu ntangamarara yahuje Grandfix biopreparation na CAS mu bihingwa mu itumba rapeseed rapeseed na ihame rya 5 l / ha na winter ingano ibihingwa yigaragariza mu - 3 l / ha. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bababanjirije, ubwoko bwubutaka na ph (imbonerahamwe 2).
Ameza. 2. Ibyimerere zo gukora ubushakashatsi hamwe na Gradfix Biofeva
Nubwo ibisabwa weather myaka ubushakashatsi bari batandukanye, ariko amategeko nyamukuru y'imikorere ya grained gradfix gutegura z'ubumara ku bipimo agrochemical ubutaka no umusaruro ibihingwa barokoka.
Ku gihingwa cyo gufata ku ngufu, hamwe nisoko yo hambere ya grapix 5 l / ha cas, kwiyongera k'umusaruro byabonetse kuva 3.31 kugeza 5.0 c / 1). Ubwiyongere bw'umusaruro w'umuco bwatewe no kwiyongera ku mubare w'imbuto muri pod na misa y'imbuto 1000.
Igihe mico winter impeke gutegura z'ubumara mu grained 3 l / hegitari kuva CAS, bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga yemejwe mu bukungu, kwiyongera mu itumba ingano yari yavuye 1.9 ku 5.3 c / ha, Zimo - 2.2 C / ha.
Igishushanyo 1. Umusaruro wo gufatwa kungufu yimbeho nimbeho
Ibisubizo by'isesengura ry'ubutaka
Gukurikirana kwiyongera umubare uburyo mobile ya fosifore na potassium nyuma gukoresha grained gradfix gutegura z'ubumara, gutoranya butaka ryakozwe kuko agrochemical n'isesengura microbiological. Nkuko ibyavuye mu isesengura ry'ubuhinzi ryerekanye, ku buhinzi bwitangizwa n'imbunda, habaye kwiyongera ku buryo bwimukanwa cyangwa urwego rwo kugenda mu bihingwa by'itumba no mu itumba mu gihe cy'impimbano (Imbonerahamwe 3). Ubwiyongere bwimiterere ya FOSPHOLUS, bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ubutaka n'icyiciro cy'iterambere ry'umuco, twabaye kuva 8.8 kugeza 41.4%. Urwego rwo kugenda kwa fosifori rwiyongereye ku butaka bwose. Ingano ya potasium izunguruka yiyongereyeho 6.3 - 20%. Urwego rwo kugendana potasimu yohanana narwo rwiyongereyeho hafi yubutaka bwose.Twagombye kuzirikana ko hari ubushakashatsi hari igabanuka mu umubare mobile fosifore na potassium uburyo isano kongera umusaruro no kwiyongera kwandikirana mu gukuraho ibintu intungamubiri na products nyamukuru.
Ameza. 3. Ibisubizo by'isesengura ry'ubuhinzi
Ingaruka kubinyabuzima byubutaka
Kugira ngo umenye ingaruka ku grappix ku gikorwa z'ubumara ubutaka, ibihumyo bari mu bwigunge mu kuyipima ubutaka mu mico uboneye kandi rigena amoko n'itunganywa nk'uko tekiniki rusange bemeye (Imbonerahamwe 4).
Ameza. 4. Ibisubizo by'isesengura ry'ubutaka
Ukurikije ibyavuye mu isesengura rya Mycologiya y'ubutaka, hari ubwiyongere bw'amoko ya Saprotrophic ahantu hamwe na grapix. Ni, mikorobe, bikaba biri mu bigize ya grained grappix gutegura z'ubumara, ni n'umwete amarushanwa na ubwoko pathogenic ya imiturire mu butaka, bikaba biragira ikintu ciza bikoze ku gukura no guteza imbere imico. Umubare w'ibinyabuzima bya Saprotrophic bya Microorganis ku karubanda hamwe no gutangiza Gradfix ya Gradfix yiyongereyeho 4.1-41.0%.
Ibigize ubukungu bwa fosforbarbilizer
Amafaranga yo gufatwa mumyitozo ngororamubiri akurikije ibisanzwe ni 13.53 na $ 22.54 / Ha. Iyo kubara yahawe inyungu conditionally net, igiciro cyari cyafashwe 08.08.2020 Kuko toni 1 urushana rapeseed -. $ 432,84 n'itumba ingano - $ 201,99. Rero, inyungu zabonetse kuva ikoreshwa ryintangarugero yo kwitegura ibinyabuzima kuri Rapeseed hamwe na oxome yagabanutse kuva 117.12 kugeza 190.27 / hegitari impeshyi ziva 23.05 kugeza 89.92 $ / Ha.Kubera iyo mpamvu, intangiriro yo gufata ku ngufu no mu itumba ry'ingano z'ingano zinziti zitegura mu mafaranga yongerera hamwe na porsizwes, hakorwa ingamba zo gukoresha ifumbire n'imisoro yimico.
O.V. ScholyGun, buji. S.-X siyanse, Btu-Centre
D.V. Litvinov, d. S.-x siyanse, Nubip
Abahagarariye abayobozi b'ikigo BTU CENTER:
Mu Burusiya: Isosiyete Obolikhttps://Ogtanik-intambara.ru.
Muri Qazaqistan: Isosiyete ya ALBIhttp://albio.kz.