Ku ya 25 Werurwe, uyu mwaka muri Amerika yazihije imyaka 110 kuva umunsi umwe mu misaruro iteye ubwoba yazamutse ku isi - umuriro mu ruganda rwa mpandero i New York. Uyu munsi wabaye intangiriro mu gushinga amategeko agezweho yo muri Amerika, yabaye urugero mu bihugu byinshi. Ariko muri Amerika, haracyariho ukurenga ku mategeko kurengera abakozi, cyane cyane abimukira (byari bigize umubare munini w'abazize umuriro).
Ibinyamakuru byicyo gihe byise iyi mvura yumuriro, kuko abahohotewe barenze kimwe cya kabiri bapfuye bazize kugwa mu burebure, kuko batashoboraga kuva mu magorofa 8 y'uruganda rwa Manhattan: Urugi rwafunzwe no kurengera ikigo kuri Icyerekezo cyabayobozi kugirango abakozi badashobora kwiba ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Abenshi mu bahohotewe ni abagore, cyane cyane bato cyane, muri bo bari bato. Ubwinshi bwuzuye ni abimukira cyangwa bo mu Bwami bw'Uburusiya (Abayahudi, ahanini baturutse i Bessashibia, aho muri icyo gihe, aba pogroms barimo, ndetse no mu Ntara y'Intara ya Polonye), cyangwa mu majyepfo y'Ubutaliyani cyangwa muri Irilande. Ni ukubera umwihariko w'urufatiro rw'umuriro waguye ku ruganda rwa triangl, cyari ingingo y'ingenzi mu gushinga muri Amerika, hanyuma mu bihugu bya Isiraheli bigezweho muri ibyo kibazo bya politiki, byahamagaye nyuma ya Izina ry "Ubusosiyalisiti y'Abayahudi".
Kuba abakozi benshi bapfuye umunsi umwe, ntabwo byari ibintu bidasanzwe muri kiriya gihe. Ugereranije, abakozi 100 bapfuye buri munsi mu 1911. Ntibyari bisanzwe ko abakozi bose bari abagore, muri bo harimo abakobwa bato, ndetse no ko urupfu rw'abahohotewe baguye ku burebure bwabaye mu gihe cyo kubura abantu benshi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hamenyekanye cyane ku nshuro ya mbere Abanyamerika benshi bize ku mirimo kuri ibyo bisekuruza nk'ibi kandi basaba impinduka. Ibi byakomeje kwiyongera mu ishoramari ry'umutekano w'abakozi, ndetse n'ibikoresho by'ishami ry'umuriro na Polisi y'umuriro, abapolisi ba Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, ndetse no kwiyegurira ibikorwa byose, badashobora kwihanganira umurimo w'agakiza k'abantu bo mu igorofa rya 8 rya Inyubako y'uruganda (inshundura zokiza abantu kuva ku burebure rwihuta, umukobwa umwe ni we warokotse, ingazi ntizigeze zifata hasi).
Hoba hariho impinduka?Imyaka 110 irashize, ariko amategeko agenga umurimo muri Amerika ntiyategereje ko habaho ibirori byuzuye byubutabera. Muri icyo gihe, abacuruzi benshi barwanyije impinduka z'amategeko, kubera ko babonye iterabwoba ryo kwihangira imirimo. Amategeko yarahindutse kuva icyo gihe, ariko, igihe kinini gishize, Politiki ya politiki ya politiki ya politiki yakoraga muri blog ye kuri posita ya Huffington:
Ku ya 24 Mata, imyaka 8 uhereye umunsi impanuka y'impanuka ya Rana Plaza, kubera isenyuka ry'inyubako y'amagorofa umunani, cyane cyane SCHWEynka, kandi abarenga 2500 barakomereka. Abunganira uburenganzira bw'abakozi bahise batangira kuvugana n'amaso y'amasosiyete akoresheje ibintu bitesha umutwe Rana Plaza: Walmart, VORP. . Ariko, imyaka 8 irashize, kandi ninde na none: Ibigo byabanyamerika bashaka gukiza kubiciro bya gatatu byisi byakozwe mu bihugu bya gatatu byisi, kandi ntibizigama umutekano wakazi. Walmart imwe yazanye abakora benshi mu bucuruzi cyangwa kubera ko batashoboraga guhaza ibiciro bisabwa na Walmart, bityo ntibahabwa ayo masezerano bakeneye gukomeza ubucuruzi, cyangwa kubera ko bakiriye ayo masezerano kandi bamenya ko kwita ku byo bitagomba gukorwa Ibihe (harimo no kubahiriza umutekano wumurimo). Mu bihugu bya gatatu ku isi, urugero, sisitemu yo kuzimya umuriro ishyirwa mu cyiciro cya serivisi zinyongera kubakozi aho ibigo byingenzi byabanyamerika bishobora kuzigama.
Ibihe bya Bangladesh muri CaliforniyaMuri icyo gihe, byaba ari bibi kuvuga ko ibicuruzwa bireba ibigo byabanyamerika bimuriwe mu birindiro kuri Bangladesh cyangwa muri Maleziya bikozwe mubihe bibi cyane kuruta mubigo bimwe na bimwe byabanyamerika. Ibisabwa ku mirimo y'abagore mu nganda z'imyenda y'Abanyamerika, nk'uko imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, byahindutse gato gusa kurenza imyaka 110 ishize. Rero, mu bubiko mu gace ka Los Angeles, abantu bagera ku bihumbi55 bakorera, muri bo harimo abimukira benshi baturutse mu bihugu bya Amerika, kandi biboneka mu gice kimwe cyakusanyijwe kandi gipakiwe kuri bitatu ijana. Imikorere y'akazi iterabwoba n'amahame ya Amerika: Mu kirere, umukungugu ubyibushye, ubwiherero ntibuvanwaho, imbeba zinyura ku ruganda. Nkuko hashize imyaka 110, abakozi bahura niterabwoba kubakoresha babo, igihe cyizuba gisanzwe nibihe byabanjirije kuba abakozi bangamiwe mumujyi wa Los Angeles, aho basohoye ibikoresho byo kurinda (PPE) kuri byose Icyorezo CANDAMic Covidi-19.
Abakozi bashinzwe ububiko ntabwo bimurirwa mu gihugu cyabo kubyerekeye amakuru mabi ku bakoresha, bahatirwa kuvugana na bene wabo gusa bakoresheje imishinga ya terefone cyangwa ngo bakore mu musemuzi. Lucy Gonzalez, abimukira bava muri Guatemala, atongana ko mu bubiko yakoraga mbere n'umukoresha w'imashini idoda, abakozi bakeneye gukomera kumeza bakoresheje impapuro mbere yo kurya, kuko imyirondoro yibanze yatwikiriye. Mu bundi bubiko, burigadier yagerageje kumuhiga nk'umubuto kuri we, ariko ntiyakubita, kuko amakimbirane yabonye umugabo we. Iminsi y'Ibitaro ntiyigeze yishyurwa. Umunsi wakazi wa Lucy ku mubiri wose, harimo ubu, utangirira kuri 5.30 mugitondo ukarangira saa cyenda, umushahara uri munsi ya $ 500, ni intebe yinjiza ya Guatemala. Mu buryo bunze kuvuga, ntabwo birenze abakozi b'imuka baturuka mu bihugu byo hagati byo muri Aziya bo muri Aziya bakira mu nganda z'inzu i Moscou.
Muri raporo ya 2016, kaminuza ya kaminuza ya Californiya i Los Angeles, Ikigo cy'abakozi mu nganda ndetse na kaminuza yo mu gihugu cya Californiya i Los Angeles bavumbuye imibare y'abakozi barenga 300 bo mu mujyi: 72 % bavuze ko umukungugu urenze akazi, 60% bavuze ko kwegeranya umukungugu no gushyuha cyane biva mu mirimo mike bituma bigora gukora ndetse bahumeka, kandi 42% bagaragaye ko hahariho y'imbeba n'imbeba mu nganda zabo (hari imanza zo kwitegereza mu nganda n'imvura, ariko ntabwo zigaragarira muri raporo).
Raporo yavuze kandi ko Minisiteri y'umurimo Amerika yasanze urwego rw'ishami rya Amerika 85 ku ijana ku mategeko y'umushahara no ku mategeko agenga umurimo atwo mudoda Los Angeles muri 2016; Amategeko ahoraho 21, Ross na TJ Maxx akenshi barenze.
Mu bihugu by'amajyepfo ya Amerika, abagera kuri 71% by'abakozi ku gikono no kudoda ni abimukira, 87% by'abakoresha imashini badoda harimo Abanyamerika balatin, na 60% mu rwego rwo kudoda - abagore. Benshi muribo nabo ntibafite inyandiko. Hamwe nimibanire nkiyimoko, uburinganire n'amategeko, abakozi bamwe batinya kwihorera kubakoresha - nubwo abashinzwe imirimo kuruhande rwabo. I New York, ahari hashize imyaka 110, ibipimo ni bimwe byo hasi, ariko, inganda n'inganda n'iri muri uyu mujyi, uhari mu mirimo y'abimukira.
Nk'uko amategeko ya Leta ya Amerika, abakozi batisuye ubwenegihugu bafite uburenganzira bwo kumena, ikiruhuko cy'uburwayi, ubwishyu ku masaha y'ikirenga, ariko akenshi abakoresha amategeko abadepite ku bakozi batiyandiwe ku bakozi batiyandikishije batujuje. Muri icyo gihe, umuntu wese ukora byibura isaha imwe muri leta zose, atitaye kumiterere yacyo, agomba kubona umushahara muto.
IbitekerezoMuri Californiya, aho umushinga w'ibimurwa mwinshi wagaragaye, umushinga w'itegeko rishya witwa "Itegeko ryerekeye kurengera abakozi Inganda zidoda" riteganya gufunga icyuho mu mategeko "AB 633." Nubwo fagitire itakiriwe n'Inteko ya Leta muri Nzeri umwaka ushize, Senateri wa Leta ya Maria Elena Duracio n'abavoka bonyine bakoreye umushinga w'itegeko rya Sena 62 mu Kuboza. Umushinga mushya waguka inshingano z'abacuruzi, ibuza imyitozo ya sisitemu y'imishahara ikomeza kandi yemerera Biro y'Umuvunyi ku butaka kugira ngo ikore iperereza ku kunyereza umutungo n'abakoresha n'imishahara no kubikurura kubatabera.
Byoherejwe na: Mamas Mamchits