Abanditsi b'Abarusiya bafite idini ry'abagabo

Kwandika igihe kirekire byafatwaga nkigihano kubagore, nuko akenshi byabaye ngombwa ko bafata igitsina gabo cyangwa ngo bamenyekanye bitazwi. Twumva uburyo mu Burusiya imyifatire ku banditsi n'aya mazina bahisemo gutangaza imirimo yabo.

Byari hafi yijwi ribi

Mu Burusiya, intangiriro y'ikinyejana cya XIX ni ibintu bivuguruzanya: ku ruhande rumwe, hagerageje kugira impungenge ku guteranya uruhare rw'abagore mu bitabo, ku yandi majwi - byari ku ijwi ribi. Muri icyo kinyamakuru kimwe mu 1804 byasohotse inyandiko "ku burere bw'abakobwa no ku bahanga bo mu bagore. Ibaruwa ya nyina ku mukobwa. " Cyari gifite ibitekerezo n'abanditsi, cyane cyane izo bahannye bacamo inyandiko zabo:

Iyi nyandiko isomwa nigitekerezo cyimyitwarire yubuntu yabadamu nkabategarugori. Nyuma yimyaka 30, uko ibintu byavuzwe mu Burusiya ntabwo byahindutse mu Burusiya: mu 1837, umwanditsi Nikolai Verevkin yatangaje inkuru "umwanditsi w'umugore", utangaza imyumvire nyamukuru yo kunegura abakurambere kubyerekeye kwandika kw'abakurambere. Mu bindi, yaranditse ati:

Kubera iyi myitwarire yo kwandika kw'abagore hafi ya XIX ikinyejana, umwanditsi aragenda akoresha amazina yibihimbano. "Yoo, niba tugifite igitero ku mugore munsi yigitanda cyoroheje cyahebwe?" - Mu 1840 kunegura Alexander Zrazhevskaya mumyandiko ye izwi cyane "vestine.

Amarushanwa yabagabo yashishikarijwe

Ariko, abagore ntabwo buri gihe bafataga idini. Urugero rero, abasizi b'ikinyejana cya xviiii Elizaveta Heraskova, Natalia Starov, Ekaterina Svignina, hanyuma - Anna Bunin n'abandi benshi basohoye inyandiko zabo mu mazina yabo. Abagore batangiye gufata idini nkumwuga wamasomo yubuvanganzo: guhatana kubagabo, ndetse no kunegura kudacogora yandikiwe iyi nyandiko zumugore.

Ariko Catherine II yavuye mubindi bitekerezo. Yakoranye n'ibinyamakuru bya satani akoresha amazina y'abagabo ya Patrica poddyslov, Peter Ugandaev, Lubomotrov, Dlubomotrov ukomoka muri Yarolkavl, dranche wo mu butukura. Amasomo ye yubuvanganzo yakurikiranye intego ebyiri: Kubasomyi wu Burusiya - Byari amabwiriza, akenshi munsi ya mask yo gusetsa, kubateze amatwi yuburayi - kwerekana kumurikirwa.

Igishushanyo cya Catherine II mubarinzi Mundure. Umuhanzi Virgilius Eriksen, 1778, Inzu Ndangamurage y'Uburusiya

Gukoresha idini byari karnivali nkana: Abari bateranye bari bazi neza uwahishe munsi ya mask. Ibidasanzwe, ahari, ni "Antidote", yayobowe n'iki gitabo cya Abbot J. SHAPER D'MOSS "ingendo" yajyanywe muri Siberiya "(1768), aho yari afite ubwoba bwabaswa mu Burusiya. Inyandiko ya Catherine yatangiye mu buryo butazwi, umwanditsi we yabitswe mu ibanga riteye ubwoba ndetse no hafi, kuko nta wundi wabigizemokongore ngo asubize abantu bo hasi.

"Yararakaye igihe bafatwaga nk'umugore"

Ahari ikibazo kizwi cyane cyo gukoresha umwanditsi wigitsina gabo mu kinyejana cya XIX bivuga ibyiringiro bya Durov. Izina ryumugabo ryabaye igice cyingenzi cyirangamuntu: Alexandre ni ubwanjye nahaye Durov yo muri Mutagatifu George, yahinduwe mu nda ya MariUpol Gusar yayoboye izina rya Alexandere Axandrova. Uyu mwami, wemeye uburenganzira bwo kubaho ku kintu cy'igitsina gabo, nta kintu cyagumyeho, uburyo bwo gukurikiza urugero rwe. Denis Davydov, undi mwanditsi wintwali, yashubije Durov: "Nyuma yaho, namubonye imbere, ku kuyobora - mu ijambo rimwe na rimwe, ariko sinakoze byinshi, atari mbere yuko gutandukanya, abagabo cyangwa umugore agirira neza. "

Nyuma yo kwegura mu 1816, Durov akomeza gushyira umukono ku mabaruwa afite idini kandi, akurikije ibimenyetso by'abahozeho, arakaye igihe bafatwaga nk'umugore. Bimwe mubyo yanditse kuri Durov byasohoye kandi nka Alexandrov (urugero, inkuru nziza "ubutunzi", "arned", "yarmuk, dolvedez imbwa" yacapwe mu 1840).

Inyandiko ziri munsi yisi, kwishura munsi yizina ryukuri

AvDota Panayev, uzwi cyane ku "KWIBUKA", yasohotse munsi ya Pseudonym Nn Stanitsky, abayobozi bake, "bo mu majwi", "bo mu ijambo ryutitoto", "oice". "Umugore udasanzwe" , "Intambwe yo hejuru", "utuntu duto mu buzima"), ndetse n'umuryango wa Talnikov "(1847). Ku bufatanye na Nekrasov, yanditse ibitabo "ikiyaga cyapfuye" n "" ibihugu bitatu byoroheje ". Nibimenyetso cyane byerekana ko PanayEV yatangaje ibihangano byayo mubuhanzi munsi yimpimbano, kandi yibuka munsi yizina ryukuri. Nkuko yemeye "kwibuka" ye: "Ibaruwa yanjye irakaye. - Hafi.) Ndetse kurushaho, kandi abantu bose bavugije induru, na Netsasov, mu cyifuzo cyanjye, mpa ku mwanditsi ". Ariko ibyo yanditse kubyerekeye umwanditsi wumuzi wa Chukovsky mumabwiriza yibanze kumutwe "kwibuka":

Ubuyobozi bw'Amabwiriza "muri iki gihe". Kuva ibumoso ugana iburyo: AvDota Panayev, Nikolai Chryryshevsky, Nikolai Dobrolubov, Ivan Panayev. Umuhanzi Oleg Dmitriev, 1946

Biragaragara ko mbikesha abantu babiri bakomeye, Panayev "yagize amahirwe y'agaciro" yo guhura n'abanditsi bakomeye b'Abarusiya-b'abagabo. Ntabwo byavuzwe cyane kubikorwa byubuvanganzo tutitaye kuri Nekrasov, bidatangaje: Mubashakanye bahanga, abagore bakunze gukora abafasha bifasha gusa.

Baho ukurikije amategeko yawe, kandi ntukurikije amategeko yisi yumugabo

Umwanditsi Nadezhda Khvoschinskaya yakoresheje Pseudonym V. Krester Astovsky. Umwanditsi amaze kwita ku zuba rizwi. KresterSovsky, yahinduye gato umukono: Prestov-Pseudonym. Yafashe kandi ideni rya V. Porecinov na N. vozdvizhensky. Kunegura Elena Koltonovskaya yanditse kuri Hvuschinskaya: "Nta n'umwe mu bagore b'Abarusiya bitanze ibitabo bidafite ishingiro, ntibageze ku cyamamare nk'ibi, ntabwo byageze ku cyamamare nk'iki cyamamare muri jooschinsky nka George Zand na George Elliot "(bikaba byasohotse munsi yisi yose). Intwari za prose yubuhanzi za Khvoschinsky yakunze kuba abagore bashakaga kubaho mu mategeko yabo, kandi ntibikurikije amategeko yisi yumugabo. Muri icyo gihe, Hoschinskaya ubwayo yasesenguwe mu buryo butabogamye mu buryo butabogamye. Rero, tekereza kuri kimwe mubitabo byumugore, hvoschinsky kunegura Umuremyi we kumashusho yubusa yimiterere nyamukuru, ikubiyemo ibitekerezo bishya:

By the way, mushiki w'ibyiringiro, Sofiya Khvoschinskaya, na we yanditse igitero cy'igitsina gabo - Ivan Shoveniev.

"Umugore ntarimo akubiyemo ibitekerezo, nta mbaraga zo kurema"

Poetess Zinaida Hippius, wagiriye impaka mu 1888, yigeze kubona ati: "Twebwe twenyine twenyine twashyizweho umukono n'izina ry'umugore." Yakundaga kugereranya rubanda mu myambarire y'abagabo, imirimo y'ubuhanzi yasinywe n'izina rye, ariko kunegura yari afite idini ry'abagabo: Antos Hermann, Comrade Hermann, Comrade Hermann, Umuroma Hersha, Anton Kirssha, Nikita Umugoroba, V. VITOVT. Umusizi Sergey Makovsky yitwa Hippius androgine, kandi umuhanga mu by'amateka w'Ubuvanganzo Svytopolk-Mirsky yaranditse ati "muri yo hari igitsina gore." Hippius ubwayo yavuwe "igitsina gore" ahubwo ashidikanya:

Ku bijyanye na Hypius, gukoresha ipimbano ry'umugabo ntabwo byahatiwe, kimwe n'abanditsi benshi ba XIX, ariko guhitamo.