Kuzamuka kw'ibicuruzwa byakuruye kuri Perezida Vladimir asubiza mu ntangiriro ya 20 Ukuboza. Icyo gihe, ni bwo huriro ryerekeye ibibazo by'ubukungu, umukuru w'igihugu yitwa kuzamuka ku giciro cy'ibicuruzwa kugira ngo ahindure ibiciro byo mu gihugu nta nyungu nyinshi mu baguzi b'Umuguzi w'Uburusiya. Dukurikije Putin, igiciro cye kizamuka cyiyongera kubicuruzwa, ntabwo bifitanye isano nibihe bifatika, nko kugabanya ingano ya Ruble. Nkurugero, perezida yazanye umugati, pasta, isukari hamwe namavuta yizuba, nubwo afite imbuto, nimbuto, nisukari, kandi izuba rihingwa mu Burusiya. Ati: "Abantu barabuza, kuko nta mafaranga bafite kubicuruzwa byibanze. Urareba he? Iki nikibazo! Ntabwo ari urwenya! " - Umukuru w'igihugu yararakaye.
Nyuma yo kunegura gukabije kwa Putin, Inama y'Abaminisitiri yagiranye amasezerano n'imiyoboro y'ubucuruzi n'abatanga ibicuruzwa byo kugenzura ikiguzi cyibi bicuruzwa. Ukuboza, mu Burusiya, ku cyemezo cya Guverinoma, ibiciro ntarengwa by'isukari byashinzwe (ku birori 46 kuri kilo) n'amavuta ya 110 kuri litiro). Ingamba zizakorera byibuze kugeza igihembwe cya mbere cya 2021. Nyuma y'ibiciro byogosha n'abayobozi, imiyoboro mibi y'ubucuruzi, cyane cyane itsinda rya X5 (rigenzura "amaduka" yatangajwe "na" karuseli "na" karuseli "na" Karuseli "na" Karuseli "na" Karuseli ". , isuka, icyayi n'amata. Isosiyete ivuga ko izafata abakoresha ubucuruzi.
Usibye gushyiraho ibiciro bya marginal, Guverinoma yashyizeho imipaka myinshi yo kohereza ibicuruzwa n'ibindi bicuruzwa birenze ibisanzwe. Igisubizo nkiki giteganijwe nigifuzo cyo gukumira ibicuruzwa byo kubyerekeranye nimbuto z'amahanga kugeza ku byangiza ibyo bakeneye imbere imbere. Minisitiri w'ubuhinzi bwo mu buhinzi Dmitry DImitry Detrushev yavuze ko ibyo byakozwe kugira ngo habeho "gusimbuka mu bicuruzwa bya nyuma bya Flouroline, ibinyampeke, imigati n'inyama z'inyamanswa".
Amabwiriza ya Leta y'ibiciro ku bicuruzwa bikomeye bitera impungenge zikomeye mu bitabiriye urwego rw'ubuhinzi. Visi-Perezida w'igihugu cy'Ubumwe w'Ubufaransa w'Uburusiya Alexandre yahamagaye rwose icyemezo cyo kugenzura ibiciro by'igiciro cy '"igipimo cy'ibihugu", nta kintu cyo gukora ku rugamba amafaranga yinjira mu gihugu cy'uko amafaranga yinjiza amafaranga y'igihugu amafaranga yinjiza abaturage. Kandi ibintu byacu, kandi ibyisi yose byerekana ko kugerageza gushira mu gaciro biganisha ku bisubizo byanze bikunze - ibicuruzwa bishira ku isoko kandi bihinduka icyuho. Igiciro kitagenzuwe cyiyongera byanze bikunze biganisha ku kuntu birenze urugero no kutagerwaho ibicuruzwa mu nkengero zayo.
Hagati aho, uburambe bwo gukemura ikibazo cyo kubona ibiryo biboneka kumatsinda yinjiza make yisi azwi kandi azwi cyane kubahanga mu isi. Aya ni amakarita y'ibiryo ahabwa abenegihugu buto. Ako kanya mbona ko iyi gahunda ntaho ihuriye na sisitemu yibiribwa bimenyereye igihugu cyacu.
Igihugu cyacu cyatangije inshuro nyinshi sisitemu yamakarita yibiribwa mu nzara nini kandi ibura ry'ibiribwa mu gihugu. Byari sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza umubare ntarengwa wibicuruzwa hagati yabaturage. Yanze igipimo cyo gukoresha ibicuruzwa bimwe kuri buri muntu muri defisit ityaye.
Ibisekuru byakera abantu bazi igihe cyo gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa mubihe byabo byisi. Reka twibuke ibi bihe. Bwa mbere yagaragaye mu 1916, mu ntambara ya mbere y'isi yose. Sisitemu yagejejweho nyuma yimpinduramatwara ya Gashyantare kandi yabayeho kugeza 1921 - inzibacyuho politiki nshya yubukungu (NEP). Sisitemu yikarita yasubijwe mu 1929 kandi ikora kugeza mu 1935, iyi ni imyaka yo gukusanya n'inzara mu turere tutari mu turere tutari nke. Sisitemu yikarita yongeye kugarukira mu 1941 mugihe cyintambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu kandi yahagaritswe mu 1947.
Ubushize uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza bwatangijwe muri USSR mu myaka ya za 1980 - noneho coupons iragaragara. Izi ni imyaka yo kwishyurwa neza. Igihe kirenze, amano yatangiye gutangwa ku biryo nyamukuru - umutsima, umunyu, isukari n'icyayi. Nibihombo rusange bitera inkunga kutanyurwa kwabaturage, byatumye bishoboka gusenya igihugu. Sisitemu yikarita yatangiye kugenda mugitangiriro cya 90 na coupons yanyuma irazimira mu bicuruzwa mu 1993.
Umuntu asa naho adasanzwe, ariko sisitemu yibiribwa ifite agaciro imyaka ijana mugigihugu gikize cyane mu isi ya capitaliste - muri Amerika. Bwa mbere yagaragaye mu 1939 nk'igisubizo cyo kwiheba gukomeye. No guhagarika kandi impinduka zimwe zirahari kugeza ubu.
Gahunda yo kugura ibicuruzwa (SNAP - Gahunda yo Gufasha Imirire Yinyongera) nizina rishya rya porogaramu itambuka ryibicuruzwa muri Amerika. Twabibutsa itandukaniro ryingenzi kandi ryujuje ubuziranenge hagati ya gahunda y'Abanyamerika - Sisitemu yo gufasha ibiryo by'abanyamerika ntabwo yigeze igamije gufasha abashonje. Mubyukuri, kuva sisitemu yikarita igaragara muri Amerika yagenewe gushyigikira ababikora ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi, ni ukuvuga, abahinzi. Umuyobozi wa mbere wa Porogaramu Milo Pelo Perkins yavuze ko igihugu gisangiye ikuzimu, ku ruhande rumwe rw'abahinzi bafite ibicuruzwa birenze undi - kutumvikana abaturage bo mu mijyi. Birakenewe kubaka ikiraro muri iyi nyss.
Kugeza mu Kwakira 2016, ibiryo byakiriye abantu 43.557 bo mu ngo 21.325. Impuzandengo y'abantu ku nyungu za buri kwezi yari $ 126.13, urugo - $ 256.93. Ntabwo ari abenegihugu bo muri Amerika gusa, ahubwo n'abimukira mu by'amategeko babaga ku butaka bw'igihugu imyaka irenga 5 cyangwa bafite abana bakuze, barashobora kubarwa ku nyungu.
Amafaranga yiyi gahunda yaje kuba imwe muburyo bwiza bwingengo yimari ya federasiyo yo gukusanya ubukungu. Buri dorari, yakoresheje mu ngengo y'imari ku mfashanyigisho, amaherezo yongereye GNP y'igihugu ku ya 1.7-1.8 y'amadolari. Umubare w'abakira bashinzwe guhora uhinduka: byiyongera mugihe cyibibazo no kugabanuka mugihe cyimyaka yo gukura. Muri 2013, hashyizweho amateka. Noneho ama coupons kuri miliyari 76.1 zose zahawe Abanyamerika miliyoni 47.6.
Kugeza ubu, amakarita yo kubitsa ya elegitoronike (Ikarita ya EBT) ikoreshwa aho kuba coupons. Abagize sisitemu yitabisha ibiryo bafite uburenganzira bwo kugura ibicuruzwa byose mububiko butanga amakarita nkaya. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko Abanyamerika bitabira gahunda bahitamo ibiryo bihendutse kandi bitameze neza. Kugira ngo imirire itezimbere imirire, abayobozi batangiye guhakana ibiryo byiza, kugura imboga n'imbuto.
Gahunda ya Snap hashize imyaka myinshi ikurura abategetsi b'Uburusiya - ku nshuro ya mbere kugirango bamenyekanishe sisitemu y'ibiribwa mu Burusiya muri 2014 basabye Minisiteri y'inganda. Guverinoma yabonaga ko icyifuzo nk'iki gitera amashyirahamwe mabi hamwe no kubura Abanyasoviyeti kandi bizasubira muri USSR. Porogaramu yaganiriweho, ndetse yagaragaje igihe ntarengwa cyo gutangira gushyira mu bikorwa, ariko "yibagiwe neza." Birashoboka cyane, ntibashoboraga gutandukanya amafaranga akenewe.
Muri Maki 20 Mata Umushinga wa Minisiteri y'inganda ushyira mu bikorwa amakarita y'ibiribwa. Dukurikije ibigereranyo by'abanditsi b'Ubujurire, amakarita ahwanye n'ibihumbi 10 buri kwezi azashobora kwakira miliyoni 10 z'Abarusiya, amafaranga miliyoni 800 azasabwa mu gutera inkunga umushinga mu mpera z'umwaka urangiye. Muri Mutarama 2021, mu cyumba cya Leta cya Federasiyo y'Uburusiya kumeza yazengurutse "kureba niba ibiryo byabaturage bakennye" byongeye kuzamura ikibazo cyo gutangiza ibyemezo. Igitekerezo cyo kumenyekanisha amakarita ya pulasitike gitangira kugirango ubone inkunga muri societe.
Birakenewe gusa kumva neza ko iyi ari ifasha mumatsinda yinjiza make yabaturage. Intego yiyi gahunda ni ugutanga ibicuruzwa bitagabanije ibiciro byabo, nta gitutu cyubuyobozi ku isoko nabakora. Ikibazo cyo gushyigikira abakora ibicuruzwa ntabwo aribikorwa nyamukuru, kubera ko nta kubura cyangwa birenze ibicuruzwa. Nubwo porogaramu ifata amahirwe yo kubona ibicuruzwa byabakozi bo murugo gusa. Amafaranga yinjira ntazashobora kuyobora ibindi bicuruzwa byuko bidahwitse. Amahirwe yo kubona inzoga nitabi birahagarikwa. Nk'uko by'ihanga, gahunda nk'iyi ifite amahirwe akomeye yo kuzamura urwego n'ubwiza bw'abaturage. Imfashanyo y'ibiryo ntabwo ari kuganduka, ariko inkunga yumuntu mubihe bigoye byubuzima.
Kandi mugihe hari impaka mu biro bikuru, bimaze kuba mu Gushyingo 2020, imishinga y'indege yo gukoresha ibyemezo by'ibicuruzwa byinjije. Ugushyingo mu turere twa Rostov na Vladimir, no muri St. Petersburg, amakarita y'ibiryo atangira gukora, ashobora gukoresha imiryango ikennye ifite abana n'abantu bari mu bihe bitoroshye kubera Covise. Kandi niyo gabs igihumbi gusa buri kwezi yimuriwe ku makarita, ariko ibi nabyo birafasha.
Njye mbona, ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya porogaramu y'ikarita y'ibirimo rizatanga uburyo bwo kugerwaho n'abaturage b'ibicuruzwa by'ibiribwa. Hanyuma kandi ntihazabaho ikibazo ko "Nigute wahagarika kuzamuka mubiciro byibicuruzwa." Kuzamuka kw'ibiciro - Ingaruka byanze bikunze z'ibikorwa bifatika byubukungu kandi bigengwa nuburyo bwubukungu. Guverinoma izakomeza kwiga uburyo bw'ubukungu bwo kugenga isoko. Ariko abakene bakeneye gushyigikirwa no kugaburira.