Kuki uburezi bwimibonano mpuzabitsina bukeneye abana, ababyeyi na societe? Mugihe cyo gutangira kuvugana nabana kubyerekeye umubiri nuburyo bwo kubikora? Ibisubizo kuri ibi bibazo nibindi bibazwa nabakinnyi ba psychologue numuyoboro wigitsina julia amategeko.
Kumurika imibonano mpuzabitsina nintambwe yingenzi mugutezimbere umwana wa none. Yoo, ababyeyi bose ntabwo bizeye ko bakeneye seppese, kandi benshi batekereza ko ari amayeri we w'iburengerazuba.
Ariko, nkuko ubushakashatsi bwerekana, umwana kumenya uburyo igitsina cyacyo cyitwa, mugihe bakora n'impamvu ifatwa nkinzibacyuho, irashobora gukumira kwamburwa uburwayi bwe. Twaganiriye ku kamaro ko kwigisha imibonano mpuzabitsina hamwe na Julia Pety, psychologue n'umuhanga mu by'imibonano mpuzabitsina.
Ni iki twumva mu gihembwe "Amashuri yimibonano mpuzabitsina" muri 2021?Mu bihugu bivuga icyongereza harimo igihe cyo kwigisha imibonano mpuzabitsina (amashuri yimibonano mpuzabitsina), kuva mu kirusiya, kuva Ijambo Dall ryerekana igorofa, ahubwo ni imibonano mpuzabitsina), noneho dukoresha ijambo "amashuri yimibonano mpuzabitsina", pv.
PV ikubiyemo ingingo nini cyane: Ibyerekeye Profiologiya, Isuku, ku Mategeko y'imyitwarire, ku buhanga bw'itumanaho, ku mibanire, umutekano, ubuzima. N'imibonano mpuzabitsina ni igice cya PV gusa. Amashuri yimibonano mpuzabitsina igufasha kuzamura imitekerereze myiza yumugabo numugore.
Ni imyaka ingahe igomba gutangira amashuri yimibonano mpuzabitsina? Twandikira ababyeyi kugeza ku myaka itanu, nuko nshaka kumva niba ari ukuri kuri bo?Uburezi bwo guhuza ibitsina bugomba kubakwa muri sisitemu yuburezi, ntishobora gucibwa no kwandura ukundi. Itangira kuva akivuka, tutitaye kuri, izi abo babyeyi cyangwa batazi. Ubwana nintambwe yingenzi mugutezimbere mumitekerereze.
Hoba hariho ibihe byo murugo semosperse murugo bigomba gutangizwa? Nibisanzwe gutangira kuvuga nta mpamvu idasanzwe cyangwa byiza utegereje umwana kubaza ibibazo bimwe na bimwe?Amahitamo yoroshye ni ugusubiza mugihe umwana atangiye gushimishwa no kubaza. Ni ukuvuga, dukurikiza inyungu z'umwana. Ariko akenshi ushobora kumva kubabyeyi: "Umwana wanjye ni imyaka icyenda-cumi n'umwe kandi ntabaza ibibazo nkibi" cyangwa "umwana wanjye ntabwo ashimishijwe cyane."
Umuntu wese afite inyungu, ababyeyi bibuka ko ibyo bibazo ari igihe umwana yari muto, ariko ntibazi ibyo basubijwe cyangwa ntibatekereje ko ari ngombwa. Niba izi ngingo zabimenyeshejwe mumuryango, noneho umwana arabyumva, inyandiko kandi ntikizongera kuzana ibibazo.
Ariko, bibaho ko umwana ansaba ibibazo, wenda kuko arushijeho kubahiriza, noneho umubyeyi akeneye gutangiza ikiganiro wenyine. Mubuzima hariho impamvu: uhindura umwana wawe, kwiyuhagira, abavandimwe bahobera / gusomana, abona abagore batwite nibindi.
Nigute Wakora ibi niba dufite abantu bakuru benshi bafite berekana kuvuga amagambo "imboro" na "igituba"?Niyo mpamvu mvuga ko kwigisha imibonano mpuzabitsina bitangirana n'ababyeyi. Niba udashobora kuvuga amagambo yerekana imyanya ndangagitsina, nibyiza gushaka ubufasha kumibonano mpuzabitsina, kuva mbona uburambe bukiri umubare wibintu byinshi byibasiwe ndetse rimwe na rimwe ibibazo bihungabana.
Mubyukuri, benshi barashobora kuba babi kandi bakoresheje hakoreshejwe aya magambo, gerageza gukoresha amazina rusange - imyanya ndangagitsina, imyanya ndangagitsina, akarere kamwe, gare ya zahabu, inzego za hafi, inzego za hafi,
Soma ibitabo, vuga "imboro" na "igituba" mbere yabo, umenyere kuri aya magambo. Twese twahamagaye izuru, ugutwi, kandi dufite imyanya ndangagitsina dufite sputor nkuyu. Icyo Euphemisms itazabona: "kuki", "igikonoshwa", "poker", "indabyo", nibindi.
Kuki, mubyukuri, ugomba gukoresha amazina meza? Ibi bitanga gusobanukirwa na phyyisilogiya yumubiri, bigufasha kwigisha ubuhanga bwisuku, bifasha mubibazo byubuzima n'umutekano, gukora imyumvire ihagije ku mibonano mpuzabitsina muri rusange.
Byagenda bite se niba umuntu adafite uburambe bwo gushyikirana nababyeyi be, ariko arashaka gutangiza ikiganiro numwana kubyerekeye umubiri, igitsina nimibonano mpuzabitsina?Benshi muritwe twakuze tutabonye imibonano mpuzabitsina. Nabane natwe cyangwa ababyeyi bacu kubyerekeye imibonano mpuzabitsina. Kandi mirubi - isoni n'imyitwarire itari myiza ku nzego za hafi n'imibonano mpuzabitsina muri rusange.
Nkigisubizo, dufite ibisekuru byabantu batazi ku mubiri wabo, isuku, igikoresho cya sisitemu yimibonano mpuzabitsina, kuringaniza imbyaro, umunezero n'imibonano mpuzabitsina. Kubura gusoma no gusoma no gusoma no kwandika biganisha ku kuba nta kintu na kimwe dufite cyo kwimura abana.
Ntabwo bitinda kwiga, umubyeyi wese arashobora gushakisha ibitabo byihariye, kugirango atsinde amasomo yuburezi, reba ibikoresho, shakisha inama ziva mu nzobere mu burezi. Ndahawe ikaze cyane, nshimishijwe no gukorana nababyeyi banjye kubibazo byinshi. Nta kintu na kimwe cyo kuvuga: "Ntacyo nzi kuri yo," fata inshingano kandi wuzuze icyuho.
Nyamuneka mungire inama kubabyeyi bashaka kwiga kuyobora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu muryango.Buri gihe ndagusobanurira ababyeyi banjye ko ukeneye kwitegura ibiganiro byimbitse. Kugira ngo ukore ibi, nibyiza kubona ibitabo byabana kuriyi ngingo, ubisome wenyine. Nta bitabo byihariye kubabyeyi baturutse murukurikirane "uburyo bwo kwigisha umwana kwiga imibonano mpuzabitsina." Ariko hariho ibitabo byiza bishobora gusomwa hamwe numwana ukurikije inyungu ze.
Ndasaba ibitabo bikurikira:"Farefizi Umunyamuryango hamwe n'ababyeyi kandi nta" yulia yarmolenko
"Amezi 9 Gutegereza umuvandimwe cyangwa bashiki bacu" Company Adamu, Esther Wang de Paal, Lizzy Stewart
"Gusa kubakobwa" nina brockmann na ellen flazes dal
"Abana bakomoka he" lens ya Katie
Urukurikirane rw'ibitabo "Niki gukora, niba ..." lydmila Petranovskaya
"Reka tubiganireho. Ibyerekeye Abakobwa, Abahungu, Abana, Umuryango N'Umubiri "Roby Harris na Michael Ember
"Hakiri kare! Uburezi bwo Guhuza Igitsina mugihe cya interineti "Alberto Pellai
"Umubiri wawe bwite" Ibrahim Marala
"Umubiri wanjye urahinduka. Abantu bose bashaka kumenya ingimbi n'ababyeyi bafite isoni zo kuvuga. "Jerry Bailey.
Icyo gukora kugirango yigishe umwana kwiyubahiriza atari ibyawe gusa, ahubwo no kuba umubiri wabandi?Ubwa mbere, kwigisha umwana nkurikije "amategeko y'imbere" cyangwa ahamagara "amategeko ahimbye". Aka gatabo kabereye abana kuva kumyaka ibiri cyangwa itatu, rutanga imbibi zayo na zone yimbitse, kandi yigisha kandi uburyo bwo kwirinda gutotezwa nubugizi bwa nabi mugihe kizaza. Iraboneka kumurongo.
Icya kabiri, ntabwo ari ukurenga aya mategeko ubwabo. Inkuru kenshi iyo yigishijwe amategeko n'imipaka, n'ababyeyi cyangwa abavandimwe ubwabo ubwabo bararenga. Nkuko bisa na: Nyirakuru yahageze, umwana ntiyamubonye igihe kirekire cyangwa gake amubona kandi akamubwira ati "Genda usome nyirarukuru", kandi umwana ntagaragariza nyirakuru ubwe. Cyangwa ababyeyi ubwabo bibagirwa kubaza "nshobora kuguhobera?", "Nshobora kuguhaza?"
Icya gatatu, kuva kumyaka ibiri kugeza kuri itanu, twigisha umwana umuco wimyenda yakorewe murugo.
Icya kane, ahantu hose hantu - kwambara icyumba cyo kwambara, ishuri ry'incuke, mu mucanga - gupfuka umwana mu maso hamwe nigitambaro.
Ni izihe ngingo zikeneye gukoraho mukiganiro hamwe numwana, kandi wirinda iki? Hari ikintu umubyeyi atagomba kuganira numwana?Ni ngombwa kwibanda ku iterambere ryumutekerereze ryumwana, uzirikana imyaka yayo, ibintu byiterambere kandi hakurikijwe aya makuru kugirango atange amakuru buhoro buhoro. Kuri buri myaka hariho ingingo kandi wegera kubivuga.
Kurugero, niba ikibazo "Navuye nte?" Tuzasubiza "Wavutse hamwe natwe, mama yagushizeho muri Tummy, muri nyababyeyi, wakuze kandi umaze amezi ane anyuzwe neza n'igisubizo, n'umwana wa Birindwi - Oya kandi uzasaba ibibazo bitangaje: "Kandi mbega ukuntu nakuye muri Tummy?", "kandi ni mu buhe buryo wampaye?" n'ibindi
Gerageza kutirengagiza amakuru, vuga mubyiciro ukoresheje inyungu n'ibitabo. Icyangombwa: Umubyeyi ntugomba kuganirwaho numwana ubuzima bwe bwimbitse, uko byagenda kose.
Akenshi ushobora kumva igitekerezo cy'uko ubutunzi bwo guhuza ibitsina bwangiza abana, burangiza kandi bakaba bashishikajwe no gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina. Nyamuneka mbwira uburyo mubyukuri uburezi bwimibonano mpuzabitsina bugira ingaruka kubana?Mubyukuri, iyi ni imwe mu migani rusange. Ni ngombwa kumva ko muburezi bwimibonano mpuzabitsina dukurikiza amategeko yimyaka. Kandi kugirango tutabura ibyiciro byiterambere ryumugabo, ni ngombwa kumenya urufatiro. Gutanga amakuru yukuri ku gihe.
Umugani nkiyi ukomoka ku bwoba: Imyaka myinshi ingingo iteganijwe muri sosiyete.
Kuki ukeneye PV mumiryango kubana:Guhaza inyungu zabo bwite / imyaka. Iyo abantu bakuru bazimira kubibazo, nibindi, umwana ajya kubyuka ahandi (umuhanda, urungano, interineti, porn)
Kurebera no kwizerana umubano nababyeyi. Urafasha rero kuva mu kigero cyambere kugirango ugire imyumvire myiza kumubiri, imipaka, umubano, ubuzima bwumuryango. Nibyizere bifasha mubyangavu guhangana cyangwa kwirinda ibibazo byinshi.
Umutekano. Niba umwana yumva cyangwa afite urugomo / gutotezwa cyangwa hari iterabwoba, mugihe nkiyi yo kwizerana azaza kandi azababwira abantu bakuru. Mubikorwa, umubare munini wabana ntibavuga ihohoterwa, kuko batabyizera, cyangwa ngo dorentrend, cyangwa bavuga ngo bati: "
N'ababyeyi?Byiza cyane. Iyo ababyeyi batangiye kwiga ingingo zo gutangaza umwana, ntibishoboka kwirinda uburezi bwabo. Rimwe na rimwe, umubyeyi akeneye gukora imigi cyane, akuraho imigi, komeza ibiganiro mu burezi, utuze, tanga ibikoresho, kora ibikomere byabo.
Akenshi uburambe bwawe buhamye ntabwo butanga umubyeyi kujya mubiganiro bituje kandi byukuri numwana. Hariho imanza iyo baje kugisha inama ku mibonano mpuzabitsina, ariko bagenda hamwe n'ibibazo bijyanye n'imibonano mpuzabitsina na nyuma yo gusubira ku mibanire n'uwo bashakanye / o cyangwa ijosi.
Birashoboka gukora amakosa mukiganiro numwana kandi ukamugirira nabi?Ni ngombwa kuzirikana ingingo enye:
Ntukabeshye;
Genda ku nyungu z'umwana, ukurikije imyaka n'icyiciro cyo gukura mu mutwe;
Kutabibwira / ntugaragaze uburambe bwawe bwa hafi / igitsina;
Ntugerageze gushinga umwana ubifashijwemo na porunogarafiya hamwe na serivisi zisamibonano igitsina.
Utekereza ute impamvu societe irwanya cyane imigenzo n'amashuri? Nigute ushobora kuvura igitekerezo cyamasomo yuburere bwimibonano mpuzabitsina kubana?Ubwa mbere, ubwoba bwiganje, kandi mu buryo butunguranye, ibintu byose bizahinduka nk'amahanga, [kugira ngo hari ukuntu bigira ingaruka ku cyerekezo cy'abana mu gihe kizaza. Ni ngombwa kumva ko muri buri gihugu gifite uburambe bwayo muburezi bwimibonano mpuzabitsina mubusitani / amashuri. Kandi bitwawe nubwenge, umuco, amahame mbonezamubano n'imigenzo yigihugu runaka.
Ariko ntabwo aribyo kuvuga ko PV igira ingaruka kubimenyetso. Niba ari ubushobozi kandi ukurikije iterambere ryimitekerereze, bizazana imbuto nziza. Kandi ukunda umubyeyi urashobora kubyifataho, ube mumuryango cyangwa mwishuri (wige gahunda iyo ari yo yose ku burezi, inyigisho). Menya uburenganzira bwawe, tanga ishingiro rya PV mu muryango, gukurura inzobere mu byifuzo ubwabyo.
Icya kabiri, ibisekuruza byinshi nta myigire yimibonano mpuzabitsina, kandi ntibisobanurwa nababyeyi, nkuko bikwiye, nkuko bikwiye, mugihe nikihe gihe niki cyo kuvuga, nkuko abantu bakuru bakivuga mu gitsina icyo ari cyo cyose cya hafi, kandi isoni ziracyahari.
Hariho ibihe bitandukanye mumateka. Kurugero, mu Burusiya Uburusiya, imyitwarire yimibonano mpuzabitsina n'imyororokere yagengwaga nimyitwarire ya gikristo. Impinduramatwara ya 1917 yabyaye ibitekerezo by "urukundo rwubusa" hamwe nimico yimibonano mpuzabitsina yubuntu muri sosiyete.
Umuryango w'ingabo z'igitugu mu bihe bya Stalinist byatekerezaga ku mibonano mpuzabitsina cyane cyane nkuburyo bwo kubyara abaturage. Khrushchev Thaw, hanyuma Brezhnev Epoki nibintu byabo bya demokarasi byatumye Demokarasi yatumye imyitwarire mibi. Ubushakashatsi bwa mbere bw'Abasoviyeti bujyanye n'imibonano mpuzabitsina y'urubyiruko bwagaragaye. Imyitwarire na psychologiya na psychologiya yubuzima bwumuryango "byatangijwe muri gahunda yishuri. Muri icyo gihe, izi gahunda zahindutse neza. Abarimu batiteguye gushyira mubikorwa gusohora.
Mu 1991, muri Federasiyo y'Uburusiya habaye kugerageza kumenyekanisha imibonano mpuzabitsina mu mashuri, byanditswe na gahunda, ariko ntibyashyizwe mu bikorwa, kuko yatinye n'ababyeyi ndetse n'ababyeyi bibuka neza ko ari isoni zo kwigisha hamwe n'isoni ze no kwirengagiza sisitemu y'imyororokere.
Sosiyete yacu ikeneye uburezi bwimibonano mpuzabitsina, ariko isezerano nyamukuru na Fondesiyo bigomba gushyirwa mumuryango. Hatariho abantu bakuru, biragoye guhinga ibishoboka byose kandi ubimenyeshejwe. Hagati aho, dufite umwobo muriyi ngingo.
Vuba aha, ishyirahamwe ryinzobere hagati yinzobere (UNIONEPE.) - UNIONPE.
Uracyasoma ku ngingo
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