Ndinkafuna kulemba nkhani yokhudza kumanga kwamadera akumata mogwirizana ndi mtundu wa wachifumu komanso Soviet, koma kenako ndidawona momwe akume akumereka amayendera kuchokera ku malo kuti ayike ndi nyumba zawo zamatabwa.
Nkhani ya gulu lamiyala idakutidwanso mufilimu yomweyo, osati ku America kokha, koma m'dziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo apa padakali chidziwitso pazomwezo, zimakhala pansi pa stalin, ku Moscow, nyumba zikwizikwi zamoyo zidasunthidwa bwino, ndipo ndi chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri ndikuti anthu okhala iwonso sanamve ngakhale kuti nyumba zawo zikuyenda.
Pofunafuna zambiri, ine, osamvetseka, choyamba mwa zonse zomwe zidakumana ndi zida zapadera, koma pa ndakatulo ya wolemba ana a Soviet Barto Barto adatchedwa "Nyumba":
Ndakatuloyi idalembedwa, yomwe imayitanidwa, pamaulendo otentha, mu 1938.
Mukamawerenga zambiri mwatsatanetsatane ndi kachitidwe ka nyumba zaka zimenezo, ndimazizwa kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwake, komwe kumakhala kovuta ngakhale munthawi yathu yogwira ntchito. Popanda makompyuta, popanda makina olondola a Satellite omwe akuyika, popanda ukadaulo wamakono, anthu omwe adayendetsedwa, komwe lero, si injini iliyonse yomwe ingatenge. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, ndi tsoka losavuta, palibe ngozi imodzi, osati zochitika zingapo mwadzidzidzi, sizinachitike mukasuntha nyumba!
Mwina izi zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ukadaulo watsopano wa Soviet, yemwe amabwera m'malo mwa Chirasha wakale, zomwe zidasowa zaka 20 zapitazo, mu 1917, pomwe mtundu wonse wa ukadaulo wakale wa Russia udachotsedwa mdzikolo, kapena anawonongedwa konse?
Mwambiri, lingaliro la nyumba zoyenda pamtunda wautali silatsopano. Nyumbazo zidasamukira kumalo osiyanasiyana, ngakhale sizikhala kawirikawiri, kwenikweni, milandu ingapo inalembetsedwa. Ku Russia, nyumba yoyamba idasunthidwa mu 1812, koma kenako kunali Mpingo wamatabwa, mophatikizanso, mlanduwu unali umodzi.
Kukula kwamphamvu kwambiri mbali izi kunayamba ku United States koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 za m'ma 1970 a zaka za m'ma 1970, kampani yapadera inakhazikitsidwa, pambuyo pake kuchuluka kwa makampani ofananitsidwa. Koma Amereka adayendetsa mwalawo (osati matabwa ochepa chabe, pomwe nyumba zokhala ndi nyumba sizinali nyumba zokhalamo - mabungwe aboma, masitolo ena amalonda adasunthidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito isanayambe kuyenda kuchokera kuma nyumba, anthu onse adachotsedwa, chabwino, mwina kuti sanatuluke.
Ndipo ku USSR kokha, pansi pa nyumba, kuyenda kwa nyumba zokhalamo zambiri kunayamba, ndipo ndi amuna awo onse, ndipo onsewa sanakayikire chilichonse. Chowonadi ndi chakuti madeti omwe amayenda sanatulutsidwe, ndipo kuyenda kwa malo omanga kunachitika usiku aliyense atagona. Nthawi yomweyo panalibe misonkhano ya kulumikizana - Kuwala kunawotchedwa mu nyumba, madzi amatuluka kuchokera ku cranes ndi zimbudzi. Maulalo onse adayanjananso kugwiritsa ntchito kanthawi, choncho, madzi ndi mapaipi a Sewa adalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mitsempha ya mphira, ndipo magetsi anali osavuta.
M'mawa, anthu adadzuka, adasonkhana kuti azigwira ntchito ndikuwona malo osiyanasiyana pazenera! Ambiri a iwo, ngakhale amadziwa kuti nyumbayo idzayenda, koma sinakonzekere kuti zitheke, wina amaganiza kuti ndi wamisala, wina anaitanitsa apolisi moopa. Ndipo ndizodabwitsa! Kodi ndingayendetse bwanji nyumba kuti ngakhale supuni mugalasi siyimalowerera? Ndipo nkhani yotereyi inali - maphunziro amodzi omwe anagwira ntchito usiku wonse ku ofesi yanyumba, ndipo nthawi zonse amamwa tiyi, ndipo m'mawa, utatsegulidwa pazenera, ndinatsala pang'ono kuluka. Zowona, adabalalika ndipo adayiwala kuti zoipa zina zimapangidwa ndi nyumba yake.
Kodi pulogalamuyi inali yotani pazinthu zopangira nyumba?
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu 1935 dongosolo lokonzanso la likulu litavomerezedwa. Nthawi zambiri pankhaniyi, nyumba zambiri ziwonongedwa, koma vutolo linali loti nyumba zambiri zomwe zimasokoneza chimbudzi chinkadziwika bwino kwambiri ndipo sizinawonongeke. Eya, zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi zoperekedwa kwa nyumbayo, kusamutsa kwa "mipata yonse" kumalo ena ndipo ndi msonkhano wotsatira. Komabe, njirayi inali yodula kwambiri komanso yayitali, ndipo sanagwirizane ndi utsogoleri wa bolshevik. Mothandizidwa ndi akatswiri achilendo, kuwerengera zidapangidwa, zomwe zidawonetsa kuti kuyenda kwa nyumba zikuluzikulu kuyenera kuchitika nthawi zina, koma palibe chilichonse mwa akatswiri omwe anali ndi maudindo opitilira 5, okwanira 10 metres. Makamaka pamene aku America ngakhale zaka zawo zabwino kwambiri sizinasinthe nyumbayo yolemera zoposa 10-11 zoposa matani oposa 10,000, pomwe ku Moscow ena kunyumba yomwe idagwa pansi pa pulogalamu ",000.
Koma pulani ya StalinIst yoyenda nyumba inali yayitali kwambiri kuposa momwe akumenyi. Nyumbazi zinafunika kusamuka ndi 10, koma kwa ambiri ambiri komanso ngakhale mazana a mita, ndipo ena a iwo ndiye kuti amatembenuka mozungulira kwawo pafupifupi mamita awiri. Ndipo popeza anthu aku America sanafune kuyika pachiwopsezo, ogwira ntchito a Soviet anchi adakopeka. Injiniya yayikulu ya pulogalamu yonseyi inali yachinyengo ya zaka 33 ya Sovietro-ya Sevostro-E. Manja. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, ntchito yomanga patsogolo idachitika ku USSR, ndipo antchito oyenerera adawonekera, adakumana ndi zokumana nazo pomanga pansi pa zolaula, ndipo ntchito yatsopanoyi inali yokwanira paphewa. Makamaka popeza kuyesedwa kumadzisintha kwa nyumba zazing'ono zachitika kale zaka zingapo zapitazo, ndipo tekinoloje yoyenera idapangidwa, yosiyanitsidwa ndi America ndi European.
Anapitiliza pano.
Mauthenga monga mwala wosunthira nyumbayo ku Moscow kwa makumi asanu ndi mazana a mita. Gawo loyamba lidawonekera koyamba pa Arkady Ildukhin.