Asayansi ochokera ku Sukulu ya Zaulimi ku Southenity Illinois, ku United States, amakhulupirira kuti herbicides ndi nthawi yoti azindikire chifukwa chochita chisinthiko. Makamaka, m'nkhani yake yofalitsidwa pa porpi portal, amalemba zotsatirazi.
"Ecology ndipo chisinthiko chimatha kulumikizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisinthe, zomwe zimawonetsedwa mu ubale wa zachilengedwe komanso chisinthiko cha mitundu ya anthu, kusintha kwa msonkhano wa madera ndi ntchito zachilengedwe.
M'malo mwake, "masamba a zitsano" ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha Eco-chisinthiko (Eco-chisinthiko) ndemanga muulimi.
Herbicides ikhoza kukhala othandizira a eco-icemic, ndikupangitsa kuti asunge monga mbali ya udzu ndipo amakhudza chiphunzitso cha namsongole ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chifukwa chake, nyama ndi ma virus omwe zimatengera mbewu zitha kuwonekera kwa Herbicides, ndipo poyankha zomwe awongolera zimakakamizidwa kuti zisinthike pamodzi ndi mbewu zawo.
Lingaliro loti Herbicides imatha kusintha mayankho azaulimi, ndipo makamaka mu "chomera cha pathogen-herbiden, ndi Chatsopano, ndipo pakufunika kuphunzira njira zogwirira zosiyanasiyana
Kuwala kwa chimbudzi cha soya (Scn) chimadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chachikulu chakutidwa ndi zokolola za Soybean ku United States, ndipo ndilofalikira m'mbali zonse zazikulu za kumera kwa soya.
Pakafukufuku yemwe adachitika kuchokera ku 2010 mpaka 2014, zotayika za Soybean chifukwa cha Scon ku United States zidayesedwa kawiri konse ngati matenda ena onse.
SCN ikhoza kukhala yoyambitsa mpaka 60% yotayika mbewu pobzala mitundu ndi mpaka 30% ya zotayika popanda kuwonekera kwa zizindikiro.
Kuti muchepetse zotayika za mbewu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi Scn, zikufunsidwa kuti zizigwiritsa ntchito mafuta ophatikizika, kuphatikizapo mitundu yokhazikika ya soya, ramication yolimbana ndi nyemba, nematizati zopangidwa ndi mbewu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.
Chifukwa chake, chaka chimodzi cholima pachikhalidwe chosakhala ndi zikhalidwe zomwe sizingachepetse kuchuluka kwa anthu mpaka 55%.
Pakadali pano, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana ya soya (90%) ili ndi gwero lodziwika bwino (PI 88788), ndipo kudalira mwamphamvu pazinthuzi kunapangitsa kuti mitundu iyi isachitike zosankha. Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, mitundu idaperekedwa ndi magwero atsopano, kuphatikiza beijing (pi 848402) ndi PI 8972.
Kumbali inayi, kukhalapo kwa munthu woyenera ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza chiwerengero cha masamba a masamba, monga masheya kudzakhala mashuto ena ku tizilombo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amapezeka pazinthu zazikulu.
Ngakhale madera ogulitsa udzu siabwino kwambiri kwa nematodes parasitic pazomera, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi gulu losiyanasiyana lazomera, zomwe zimathandizira kukhalabe kupezeka kwa nematode m'minda. Ndipo nthawi ya mbewu ya mbewu, chidziwitso cha mtundu wa mtundu wake ndi chinsinsi cha kuwongolera, popeza netatode uwu umatha kuwongolera mbewu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza pafupifupi 150 geendics ya nyemba (vaceae) osati nyemba.
Namsongole nyengo yachisanu, ndi yosavuta kuthana ndi thandizo la herbicides ndi kukonza kwawo, koma popeza zikhalidwe zawo m'chigawo cha chilimwe ndizochepa, namsongole nthawi zambiri zimasiyidwa zokha mpaka kuphukira mpaka masika.
Popeza ena mwa namsongole awa ndi eni ake, amakhala njira yopitilira yopitilira, kukulitsa vutoli, pomwe namsongole nthawi yachisanu idakhala chodabwitsa m'minda yomwe ili ndi zero.
Vika (trifolium spp.), Sena (Senna (Senna snp.), Kuphatikizidwa ndi banja la Faiceae, ndi zitsanzo za namsongole-namsongole.
Zomera zina mabanja zimakhala ndi mitundu yomwe eni ake a SCN, kuphatikiza Asteraceae (Astrovaya), a Russicaceae (kabichi), lamiaceaceae (Zamiaceaceae (Zapozhnaya).
Pakati pa udzu wowulutsa mwachizolowezi monga momwe angakhalire owongolera, mutha kudziwa zotsatirazi: Lamium Publexicuaule L.) -Pastoris (L.) Medik), Middle kapena Mols.
Mwambiri, zomera zochokera m'mabanja 23 ndizomwezo la SCN, ndipo FaceAcaceae imaphatikizapo ambiri a eni ake. Mwa 116, eni mitundu 14 yakhala ndi zigawo zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe amachita za herbicides.
Kulumikizana kwa nematode yopanga soya ndi namsongole (ndi mtengo wochepetsetsa) kumapangitsa nkhawa zazikulu ndikuwonetsa njira zoyenera kuti muchepetse ubale woyenera wa chilengedwe mu dongosolo lotalikirana la mbewu.
Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito kogwiritsa ntchito, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kuzungulira kwa mbewu, komanso kufika pa chivundikiro chofunda, kumakhudzanso matenda a simenti, makamaka m'minda yotsika kwambiri SCN.
Komabe, pamalopo, Maulimi akamapanga zokolola zofunikira kuti zitheke chakudya, kudyetsa ndi mafuta, kuloza namsongole m'minda yomwe ili ndi anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto. "
(Source: www.mdpi.com. Olemba: Leonardo F. KARL L. Pimntel, Ahmad M. Fahuda).