M'dziko la majeremusi, mabakiteriya ambiri kapena fungals amathanso kukhala nawo popanda kupatsirana maselo omwe amakhala nawo. Koma ma virus sangathe. M'malo mwake, ayenera kulowa m'maselo kuti azichulukitsa, komwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina awo omwe amapanga ma cell a virus ndikuwonjezera maselo kapena anthu ena. Monga moyo wa cell, aronavis amazunguliridwa ndi chipolopolo cha mafuta. Kuti alowe m'maselo, amagwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni (kapena glycophroterins, monga nthawi zambiri amaphimbidwa ndi mamolekyulu a shuga) kuti akweretse nembanemba yawo ndi cell nembanembayo. Chimodzi mwazilombo ka glycoproteins ndi mapuloteni amtundu wa coronavir. Popeza kutuluka kwa coronavirus SARS-Cov-2, chidwi cha anthu wamba kwa gologolo wa spreke wachuluka. Zinapezeka kuti zosankha zatsopano za Covid-19 zimatengera kusintha kwakukulu kwa purtein yozungulira poyerekeza ndi njira zina zophatikizira.
Mapuloteni opumira
Chimodzi mwazinthu zachilengedwe za Arovirus SARS-Cov-2, komanso ma virus ena, ndiye kukhalapo kwa mapuloteni aku Spiker omwe amalola kuti ma virus alowe mu maselo omwe ali nawo ndikuyambitsa matenda. Monga lamulo, kachilombo ka kachilombo ka Honasiificus kuli ndi mapuloteni atatu omwe akuphatikizira ma protein (m), pul), protein (e) ndi mapuloteni a Speriker.
Katswiri wodzikonda kapena lalikulu ali ndi 1160-1400 Amamini acid, kutengera mtundu wa virus. Poyerekeza mapuloteni a m ndi e Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi kupezeka kwa mapuloteni pa Koronavirus kumapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe a spike owoneka bwino padziko lapansi.
Akatswiri a Cronavirus S-mateloni amatha kulowa m'magulu awiri ogwirira ntchito, omwe akuphatikizira Steminit S1, ndikupanga mutu wa Sherrin, ndipo dera la C2, lopangidwa mwachindunji kukhala chipolopolo. Mukamacheza ndi zomwe zingakhalire, Sumsunit imazindikira ndikumanga ma receptor pa selo lotsogola, pomwe staunit ya S2, yomwe ndi udindo wa protein ya shels ndi nembanemba .
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Ndizofunikira kuti popanda ma virus S Masewera a SARS-Cov-2, sakanatha kulumikizana ndi maselo a eni omwe angakhale, monga nyama ndi anthu. Ndiye chifukwa chake ma protein S ndi chandamale chofunikira pakufufuza katemera ndi mankhwala antivil. Kuphatikiza pa gawo lake m'chipindacho, kachilombo ka kachilombo ka kachilombo, makamaka Coviid-19, ndiye woyambitsa ma antibodies (antis). NABS ndi ma antibodies oteteza omwe amapangidwa ndi chitetezo chathupi.
Spikels ndi Katemera
Maselo athu adasinthidwa kuti awonetse kuwonongeka kwa ma virus. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zoteteza kwa moyo wa mlankhulo kuchokera ku olowawo ndi chipolopolo chakunja chakunja, chomwe chimakhala ndi ma enzymes onse okhala ndi ma enzymes onse omwe amapanga khungu. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta, mawonekedwe akunja amasunga ma virus omwe agonjetse chotchinga ichi kuti athe kupeza bwino foni.
Poganizira kufunika kwa pulalitchi pamatenda a kachilomboka, zotsatira za katemera wantifini kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakangana ndi glycoprotein. Katemera wotsutsana ndi SARS-Cov-2, wopangidwa ndi PFIME / Biontech ndi Moderna, perekani malangizo ku mtundu wawo wa mthupi, womwe umachitika posachedwa. Kupanga kwa spike purtein mkati mwa maselo athu kenako kumayambitsa kupanga ma antibodies oteteza ndi ma cell a T.
Kachilombo ka Ebola Fever ili ndi mapuloteni amodzi, ma virus a fuluwenza ndi awiri, ndipo kachilombo ka Hipis ndi herpes yosavuta - kasanu.
Monga momwe zokambiranazo zimayambira, chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri za SARS-Cov-2 mapuloteni amasuntha kapena momwe zimasinthira pakapita nthawi yomwe kachilombo kake. Mapuloteni omwe amapezeka mu genome a viral amatha kusintha ndikusintha katundu wake momwe kachilombo kamakula.
Masinthidwe ambiri sapindula komanso kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni amtunduwu, kapena musakhudze ntchito yake. Koma ena mwa iwo angayambitse kusintha komwe kumapereka mtundu watsopano wa kachilombo ka kachilombo ka kachilombo ka kachilomboka, kupangitsa kuti ifane ndi opatsirana kapena kupatsirana. Njira imodzi yomwe izi zingasinthire ndikusintha gawo la agologolo omwe amalepheretsa kumanga kwa ma antibodies oteteza. Njira ina ndikupanga spikes "zomata" za maselo athu.
Mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za nkhani zaposachedwa kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi sayansi komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba? Lembetsani ku nkhani yathu yatchulidwe. Pamenepo mudzapeza zolengeza za mbiri yaposachedwa kwambiri za tsamba lathu!
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kusintha kwatsopano komwe kumasintha ntchito za gologolo wa sprike kapena mapuloteni amakhudzidwa makamaka - angakhudze momwe timawongolera kugawa kwa SARS-Cov-2. Zosankha zatsopano zomwe zapezeka posachedwa ku UK ndi South Africa zimakhala ndi masinthidwe m'malo mwa protein, kutenga nawo gawo pakulowa m'maselo anu. Kuyesanso kwina komanso kwa labotale kudzathandiza asayansi kudziwa ngati - ndi momwe masinthidwe awa amasinthidwa kwambiri ndi mapuloteni omwe ali payekha, komanso ngati njira zathu zamakono zili zothandiza.