Mu 2020, mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera ku zinthu zobwezeretsedwanso ku Europe kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri yonse yoposa izi zidapitilira kupanga mafuta opanga zinthu. Kwa chaka chachiwiri, mphepo ndi dzuwa zimalangidwa ndi kupanga malasha. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha mliri wa coronavirus ndi kutsika chifukwa, zomwe zimawonedwa m'magawo onse azachuma. Zotsatira zoyambirira za kusinthana ndi "zobiriwira"? Ndipo kodi Europe idzalowerera ndale ndi 2050 pochepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha?
Chaka chatha, mphepo ndi dzuwa idatulutsa chisanu cha mphamvu zaku Europe. Nthawi yomweyo, magawo awiriwa ndi "zobiriwira" zokha, zomwe zimawonetsa kukula. Pamodzi ndi mbadwo wakunyumba komanso Hydlowety adafika 38.2%. Chizindikiro ichi chakula kwambiri mu 2020.
Mphepo idapereka 14% ya magetsi aku Europe, omwe ali ndi 9% kwambiri poyerekeza ndi 2015. Mphamvu ya dzuwa yatulutsa 5% imodzi mu "Cashier."
Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kunkawonedwa ku Netherlands, komwe chizindikiritso cha Poto European chinajambulidwa. Ku France, "Green" Mphamvu kwa nthawi yoyamba "Kuchulukitsa" mafuta oyambira. Dzikoli lafika pazinthu zofunika kwambiri, chomwe Denmark ndipo Sweden adatenga kale.
Komabe, kukula kwa mphamvu yokonzanso sikukwanira. Kukula kuchokera ku magwero otere ayenera kutayika chaka chilichonse kuti akwaniritse cholinga chokhazikitsidwa ku Europe mpaka 2030. M'zaka khumi zapitazi, adakula pafupifupi ma TD 38 pachaka, wotsatirayo ayenera kukula pa ma TV 100 pachaka.
Mwa uthenga wabwino waku Europe, kupanga kwa malasha mu 2020 kunagwera 20% ndi theka poyerekeza ndi 2015. Komabe, ena mwa kugwalika chaka chatha adayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi chifukwa cha mliri.
Kugwa kudawonedwa pafupifupi kumayiko onse a EU (nthawi zina - mwachitsanzo, 50%, ku Netherlands).
Atomiki Energy Earth adagwera pa 10%. Izi zimachitika chifukwa zonse ziwiri zikuchepa ku France komanso kutsekedwa kwa malo ku Sweden ndi Germany.
Paulendo
Denmark ndi mtsogoleri mu mawu oyamba a "Green" mphamvu. Mu 2010 padzuwa ndi mphepo, panali 20% yokha yopanga, chaka chatha chiwerengerochi chikadalipo 62%. Dzikoli ndi pafupifupi kutsogolo kwa wolondola waku Europe - Ireland.
Nkhani iyi ya Scandinavia kwa nthawi yoyamba ija inatsimikiza mphamvu ya mphepo ngakhale panthawi yamavuto a 1973. Makampani a Turbines a mphepo adachokera ngati pakupanga machipatala. Ndipo Turbine wotsatsa mdziko muno unakhazikitsidwa mu 1979.
Denmark ali ndi malo abwino opangira magetsi kuchokera ku Turbines, ali ndi gombe lalitali. Chifukwa chake, mu 2002, kumpoto kwa makilomita 14 kuchokera kumphepete mwa nyanja ya Jutland, mbewu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi idakhazikitsidwa. Pa zaka 10 zapitazi, mbewu ziwiri zopanga zambiri zidamangidwa (zomaliza, 406 zina zomwe zapezeka mu Ogasiti 2019). Famu ya ma turbines 49 pofika 12% m'badwo wowonjezera mphepo ndipo amatha kupereka mabanja okwana 425,000 aku Darning. Tsopano nyali zitatu za Rev zimakhala ndi vuto la 775 mw.
Poyamba pa Seputembara 15, 2019, mbiri yofunika idaperekedwa: Kuchokera pakati pausiku mpaka pakati pausiku, matalala amayamba mphamvu zambiri zomwe zidapitilira kufunika kwa Danene pamagetsi.
Chikhomo cha Germany
Chimodzi mwazowonetsa zofunikira za "Pamtunda" ku Europe ndi Germany. Dziko lomwe limadalira mauthenga ambiri ku malasha ambiri komanso atomu amtendere, adalinganiza mtendere wambiri, ndikuchepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha pofika 55%, ndipo mpaka 2050th kusaloweretsedwa ndi kutulutsa kwa mpweya.
Mu 2019, chilamulo cha nyengo chidakhazikitsidwa mdziko muno, chomwe chimakhazikitsa zolinga za pachaka chachuma chazaka khumi zotsatira. M'Chilamulo chomwecho, tanthauzo la kusalowerera kumeneku limagonjetsedwanso. Pansi pake imatanthawuza zero moyenera pakati pa anthropogenic mpweya wa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha komanso kuchotsedwa kwa mipweya yochokera mumlengalenga ndi otayika.
Chifukwa cha Coronavirus mliri mu 2020, magetsi amamwa ku Germany anali ochepera. Zoyambira zoyambirirazi zidanenedwa ndi gulu la Ag Engeélannen. Nthawi yomweyo, kupatsidwa mphamvu kwa Co2 komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi mphamvu ku Germany kunagwera ndi matani 80 miliyoni. Chifukwa chake dzikolo lidzagonjetsa cholinga choyambirira pochepetsa mpweya ndi 40% poyerekeza ndi gawo la 1990. Mu 2019, matani 805 miliyoni a mpweya wobiriwira udaponyedwa mumlengalenga.
Akatswiri azindikire kuti izi zidachitika chifukwa chochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito malasha komanso kuwonjezeka pakupanga magetsi okhazikitsidwa ndi magetsi osinthanso. Kuphatikiza apo, mavolulumuwo ena a malasha kumoto adasinthidwa ndi mpweya wachilengedwe chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mafuta.
Koma kupambana kwa cholinga cha 20220 kunathandizidwa kwambiri ndi mliri. Germany imakumanabe ndi kuchepa kwa mapangidwe a mphamvu zakukonzanso, ndipo ndalama zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha zachuma sizimayambitsa kusintha komwe kungayambitsenso kuchepetsedwa kwa mpweya, chifukwa amatha kuchira ndi chuma.
Alendo aku Europe
Fotokozani ma opanga ku Europe Europect Exprewn: Portugal, Romania, Austria, Italy, Czech Republic, Szechkia ndi Bulgaria. M'mayiko awa, malinga ndi akatswiri, mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yopanga mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo, koma kuthekera sikunachitike kuyambira 2015.
Kutulutsa kulowerera, ku European Union mu chimango cha kusintha kwa nyengo yotsatira m'zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazi ndikuwonetsa kusintha kwachuma cha kusala kwa kaboni m'magawo a kaboni. Ndalama ziyenera kuchotsa ndalama zachuma za kusinthaku.
Kupanga magetsi ku Czeach kumangirizidwa kwambiri pakona (kupatula Poland, komwe tidakambirana mu zomwe zidalembedwa kale pantchito yomanga zomera za nyukiliya). Ku Czech Republic, mtsogoleri wa mphamvu kuchokera ku malasha ndi oposa kanayi kuposa "zobiriwira": 53% motsutsana ndi 12%. Nthawi yomweyo, kotala konse komwe amapanga zinthu zonse zoyambira ndi biogas, biomass ndi mphamvu za dzuwa. Imodzi 18% - hydropewepa, gawo lomwe lidatsala ndi mphepo.
Zambiri za 2018
Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti ichi chinali cholinga cha dzikolo kwa 2020. Zinatheka. Pakutha kwa zaka khumi zikubwerazi, gawo la zinthu zokonzanso za shaft zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zokwana 22%. Mu Cech mutuwu, izi zikutanthauza kuchepa kwa migodi ya malasha komanso ntchito yomwe ingatheke kwa mabatani awiri a nyukiliya awiri omwe alipo kale. Chiganizo chomaliza chikufotokozedwa kwa zaka zingapo, boma mwachikondi pakumanga liyenera kuchitika mpaka kumapeto kwa 2022, ndipo cholembera chatsopanocho chidzatumizidwa ku 2036.
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