Mu Januware 2021, azachuma aku Russia akupita ku chikwangwani cha gaidar. Ophunzira zikwi 50,000 ndi maola 150 a pulogalamuyo m'masiku awiri a bizinesi mu mtundu wa nthawi yayitali ndi mbiri yaposachedwa. Komabe, phale la malingaliro litangopendetsedwa - pafupifupi munthu aliyense akuwona Russia lililonse laukadaulo. Zabwino kwambiri, chilichonse sichikhala choyipa kuposa lero. Koma izi sizowona.
Kulikonse komwe kumatenga
Ndi anthu ochepa omwe akukayika kuti Russia idzakhala yotsekedwa kwambiri ndi dzikolo. Kuyenda kwa ndalama zakunja sikungatiwopseze chifukwa chakuchepetsa ndalama kwa anthu, zigamulo za alendo, akuluakulu onse aku Russia, zosintha zina zakunja komanso zosintha zatsopano. Unduna wa Zachuma Ulibe mtengo wochepetsa misonkho komanso kuthana ndi bizinesi. Purpy Punty Utumiki wa Alexey Sazanov Fozanov Fozanov Fozanov Fozanov Fozano adanenanso kuti "kuwunika kugwira ntchito kwa msonkho womwe waperekedwa kale, makamaka zomwe ndizogula ndalama." Izi zikutanthauza kuti kolala yamsonkho singagwire ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Ndipo zolakwa mukalowa mu digile ya digito imatha kubalalitsa kukwera.Momwe misika imakhalira pambuyo pochotsa zoletsa za Coronavirus - agogo ake anenedwa. Mbali inayi, imalonjeza kubwerera kwa bizinesi wamba. Komabe, gawo lalikulu la bizinesiyo limakhumudwitsidwa ndi kulimbikitsidwa kwa ovomerezeka chifukwa cha mliri, ndipo zimapangitsa kuti akakhale akatswiri oyendayenda, ndipo akatswiri, omwe ali ndi mayiko omwe ali ndi European Underly khalani ambiri. Mu 2014-2015 Zinali pafupi mazana a madola madola omwe anagwiridwa kuchokera ku gawo lenileni la chuma, ndipo anali opita kwa anthu pafupifupi 150-200 pachaka.
Malinga ndi Mutu wa Unduna Wogwira Ntchito A Anton Koty Koty Koty Koty Koty Koty Koty Koty. Ndipo malinga ndi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, zizindikiro zakufa zimakula mpaka 10% ya ntchito. Izi zikuthandizani kuchepetsa mtengo wamakampani ambiri, koma lembani misika yaofesi ndi malo osungira mabuku. Mwachilengedwe, wachibale ndi "Dock".
M'modzi mwa anthu olemera kwambiri ku Russia, mwini wake wa Sodertali Alexey Mordashov adadandaula za zokambirana za dzikolo - mpaka titha kukana ntchito zowonjezera kunja, zikuwoneka ngati zachilendo . Ndife dziko lomwe limadalira kunja kapena kutumiza. Ngati pali Kunja Kwanja ndi Kutumiza Mawa, chuma cha dziko lapansi chidzafulidwa mu kawiri, pafupifupi 50% ya GDP limapangidwa mwanjira yakunja. Timangoimirira. "
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kukula, zomwe sizidalira zochitika zandale za Kremlin, zitha kukhala zachuma - ndizosadabwitsa kuti akuluakulu ambuye onse achedwetse zonena za "boma". Zachidziwikire, lingaliro lopewa kuyimirira m'mitundu yonse ya "Live Miniti" Komabe, zidziwitso za digito zimatanthawuza kuchuluka kwatsopano. Monga mkulu wamkulu wa World Bank of Kristina Georgiev, sitikudziwa zoyenera kuchita ndi katundu yemwe amataya mtengo wawo wa digito. Ndipo tili ndi gawo lofunikira lachuma. Pomwe mungapereke, makamaka, ma satifiketi ambiri ofotokoza? M'mikhalidwe yabwino, digiliriza imatanthawuza kusintha kwachuma, zomwe ndizosatheka popanda kuwononga ndalama, kuphatikizapo kuchokera kunja. Ndipo ndani akufuna kuyika ndalama, ngati tili ndi linga lokhazikika dziko?
Pankhaniyi, pezani ziwerengero zosawoneka bwino si vuto. Mu 2019, boma la St. Petersburg lidanenedwa kuti likugulitsidwa pazinthu zosafunikira 25% pachaka. Ngakhale mzindawu udathamangitsidwa ndi bizinesi yonse ya ku Finland, foo ya Ford Auto adatseka. Zinapezeka kuti, ku Smilny, ngongole zomwe zimatengedwa ndi makampani aku Russia akunja mabanki akunja amadziwika kuti ndalama. Nkhani ina: Mu 2016, mutu wa utumiki wa mafakitale komanso University University Stanto adanena kuti Russia idapeza zokolola za US. Chinsinsi chinapezeka kuti chinali chosavuta: chibichilo chidagwa kawiri - motero, dzikolo linali lochulukirapo pa dola imodzi.
Kutsanzira chitukuko
Choyambirira: Kuchuluka kwachuma mdziko muno ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero sikungatheke. Ngakhale akatswiri a zinthu zopanda pake amachepetsa ubongo mu kusokonekera kwa maloboti kukhala mabizinesi, m'malo mwake pali nkhondo yazinthu zogwira ntchito - poyamba kwa osamuka. Maboma akuchita chilichonse chotheka kuda nkhawa akazi ndi okalamba - makamaka mpaka zaka 70. Malinga ndi mfundozi, zikupezeka kuti ulamuliro waku Russia unakweza zaka zopumira. Koma kupitirira mpaka kuwonjezeka, ndipo osamuka ku Central Asia Russia akudandaulabe Russia.
Kusintha kumangochita bwino pokhapokha anthuwa athandizira wokonzanso. Pamwambapa mwayi wonse wa dzikolo, zomwe zimabwezeretsedwa mtsogoleri "watsopano" wa "Watsopano" wasayansi kuchokera kwa anthu katatu wasayansi, koma uriri wosamveka. Koma atatha kuzengereza Constitution ku Russia, "kukonzedwa kwandale" sikudziwitsani. Ndipo kumakono pansi pa Vladimir Putin sikuwoneka kwathunthu. Pofika nthawi yoyamba ya Puriidenti, Gunin adachita kusintha kwakukulu: Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa misonkho kuyambira 200 mpaka 16, m'malo mwa msonkho wambiri, kusungunuka apolisi otsika, adayambitsa ma code atsopano ndi malo atsopano. Mu zaka zotsatila, kusinthana kunachepetsedwa, koma ndalama zomwe zimapezeka nthawi yayitali zimawuka nthawi zisanu ndi ziwiri chifukwa cha mitengo yamafuta ndi mitengo yotsika mtengo. Kubadwa kwa Kukhutira Kwakukulu, katangale, Thuga, bedi, ndikumakulitsa bizinesi. Mu 2019, zikwi zikwizikwi "amawononga" ma ruble 416 okha kuchokera ku "Doveshop". Ndipo mzaka 2022th, dollar idawolanso kuchokera pa 61 mpaka 74 ma ruble.
Pofika kuchuluka kwa mabiliyoni, Russia Nkhondo Yachitatu padziko lapansi, ndipo amalamulira 16% ya GDP - ndi zambiri. Koma choyipa chachikulu, mayiko akulu kwambiri amapangidwa m'masikidwe a m'masikiti omwe amayang'ana kubwereka renti (mafuta, gasi, nkhalango, zomanga). Zikutanthauza kuti mdziko muno zilibe kanthu kuti mpikisano waulere, wokhala ndi malo abwino onga chatsopano, koma ali ndi ndalama zambiri zomangira zandale, kulola kuti alandire zotumiza ndi kunenepa. Ndipo "Bilioires" ndi Bill Bill kapena Mark Zuckerberg, omwe adakwanitsa kusamalira bwino zomwe apeza. Ruckerberbergerg ya ku Russian Zeverberberge imatchedwa Pavel durov, komanso momwe tsoka latsopano la ku Russia lidakulira, limadziwika.
Kodi nchifukwa ninji maziko achuma amafunikira kwambiri? Yesani kuyerekezera zosatheka - mphamvu zasintha ku Russia. Zinthu zakufalitsidwa, ndipo dzikolo ndi mkwiyo linazindikira kuti onse amtengo wapatali ndi a mabanja ena. Chikhumbo chachilengedwe cha anthu ndicho kutembenuza zonse. Makamu andale omwe ali ndi mapu amakhala pa kavalo. Chifukwa chachuma komanso ndalama, nyengo yotere - palibe malo oyipirira. Monga mutu wa Morgan Stanley Ruchir Serm, mitu yamisika yotukuka ya Morgan Stanley adalemba, " Ndiye kuti, popanda kuwunikiranso gulu sipadzakhala chilolezo, koma mu mphamvu - leality. Ndipo pakusungidwa kwa ndalama zopezeka - nyengo yoyipa kwambiri ya zonse zotheka.
Russia mwamwayi "Njira Zakusandutsira" Kwa zaka 15 mpaka 2 zisanachitike, palibe zomwe sizinakwaniritsidwe. Wogwiritsa ntchito ndalamayo amadziwa bwino kuti si dziko limodzi, opanga malonda, sanathenso kudumphadumpha chifukwa cha majerekisi opanga zinthu zosavuta monga zodekha. Kodi tiyenera kutsatira bwanji mapulani a boma la dzikolo ku Orthodox Kodi zifaniziro za Orthodox kuchokera ku China, kuti zikhazikitse ma ruble awiri a thililiyoni "ku" zoyambira zapamwamba "?
Ponena za kulowererapo kwa boma pazachuma, ruchir sharm alemba izi: "Choyamba ndikuyang'ana ndalama zomwe zimapangitsa boma kuti lizindikire ngati pali kupatuka kwakukulu pamzere kapena kubweretsa. Kenako ndimawona ngati boma limagwiritsa ntchito makampani ndi mabanki ngati zida za kupopa kwa kupampula kwamphamvu ndi kupemkeratu, komanso ngakhale kumalimbikitsa makampani apadera kapena asankha. " Sharma sapenda Chiwonetsero cha Chirasha, koma sizovuta popanda iwo.
Tili ndi 17-18% ya boma GDP, yopitilira India, koma ochepera katatu kuposa mayiko a European Union. Ndi ndalama zochepa, gawo la boma lazachuma ndi 70% - izi zikutanthauza kuti amalonda achinsinsi samangolowa chabe, komanso uroat mu mtundu. Makampani ogulitsa achitatu theka amayendetsedwa ndi boma limodzi logogoda ku banki yayikulu. Mpumulo kapena kugulitsa ndalama? China kwa zaka 12 zakukula kwathetsa ntchito 73 miliyoni ku Starbizinesi ya boma, ndipo Russia ili ndi antchito 33 miliyoni. Tili ndi antchito 10 antchito ku Gazprom kuposa chigoba cha Dutch-Britch, ngakhale kuti ndalama za makampani onse alinso chimodzimodzi.
Kwa wowonera, zonsezi ndizachisoni kwambiri. Zili ngati chotchinga cha ferret kuti mudziwe kuti wosankhidwa sakuwerenga mabuku ndipo sasamba, koma adawomberedwa mu zolaula ndipo satha kubereka. Ngati pali kokhoshnik wautali wokhathamira pa masikelo ena, ndiye kuti munthu angatenge chiyani?
Sizofunika kwenikweni kuti oyang'anira a Russia alibe poyenda. Mu chess zoterezi zimatchedwa Pat. Kumayambiriro kwa 2021, a Kremlin adazindikira bwino kuti sadzalolera "kusatsutsa". Ndipo sasamala zomwe amaganiza za "Azungu a Azungu" awa. Sikofunikira kuyembekeza kuti m'nthawi ya m'dzinja ku State Dum, mphamvu zitakhalabe zofuna za mabizinesi amatha kugonjetsedwa. M'malo mwake, tikuwona kulimbikitsidwa kwa mphamvu za dziko la dziko lapansi zomwe zimalengeza mwachindunji cholinga chawo chotenga mphamvu ndikuchita "zachitukuko". Amalankhula za khothi lazikulu zomwe "amaneneratu za pa Intaneti ndi pa intaneti, ndipo" Mulungu alibe dzanja limodzi, kupatula athu okha, kupatula athu. " Kodi chidzachitike ndi chiyani ngati izi zikakhala ndi zisankho zopindulitsa ku Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Russia? Kremlin akumvetsa zonse, koma iyenso adadziika munthawi yomwe salinso kwa wina aliyense.
Kwa iye, lingaliro lomveka bwino ndikukhala pa pop. Pangani anthuwa, kudula renti, oteteza zida zoteteza zida zoteteza komanso m'mavuto onse kuti atsutse "adani a Russia" ndi "othandizira". Ndipo ojambula pawokha amalola ma annels kudutsa. Anakhala popanda iye mwanjira 70.
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