Pa February 24, 1931, bungwe lapagulu la mtundu watsopano lidatsegulidwa ku Tula. Ndipo kuyambira pa February 25, mzindawu wayandikira kwambiri moyo wachimwemwe wamtsogolo - mabanja masauzande ambiri ali ndi mpumulo chifukwa cha kufunika kokonzanso chakudya. Nthawi yoyesa nthawi yomwe angagwiritse ntchito pazothandiza.
Misewu yachitsulo misewu
Lingaliro la ma ntchezera omwe amapangira mabizinesi omwe azindikira m'maganizo a zaka za zana lomaliza. Malingaliro ndipo kwenikweni sanali oyipa - anthu aulere ochokera kukhitchini. M'nthawi zambiri, patakhala mbale zamagesi, ma microwaves ndi aerogrile, zidawoneka bwino. Pambuyo pa zonse, zodzikongoletsera ndipo masitovu adasokoneza zambiri. Kuyambira kwa antisani ogwirizana ndi kupezeka kwa Kerosene, Soot, phulusa pa kuphika, kutha ndi mfundo yoti njira yonseyo idakhala nthawi yayitali ndipo inali yowopsa moto.Tikapangidwe-makhitchini adamangidwa kale m'dziko lonselo, ndipo tsopano, mu 1928, adaganiza kuti kukhazikitsidwa kotereku kumawonekera. Poyamba, idabisidwa ndi miyeso yaying'ono - m'madamu awiri ndi zakudya 500 patsiku.
Zinatsalira kuti zithetse chinthu chachikulu - komwe mungapangire chozizwitsa kukhitchini. Adaganiza kuti pa tsamba la chipinda chodyera "Okutobala". Kumene chipinda chodyeramo chinali, ndizovuta kunena molondola. Ndendende zomwe zili kwinakwake. Itha kuganiziridwa kuti idakonzedwa m'chipinda cha malo odyera ena akale. Koma polojekitiyi idakanidwa - yaying'ono kwambiri idakhala bwalo kubwalo lomwe lili pachipinda chodyeramo pomwe khitchin ikadayenera kumanga. Ndipo atamangidwa m'bwalo la nyumba yatsopanoyo, anayandikira, omwe sakanalola kuti zinthuzo munthawi yake ndikuchotsa zinyalala.
Tinkafunikira malo akuganizira ntchito za kukhitchini, kupulumutsa ndalama zoperekera chakudya mu bizinesi ndikupanga mapangidwe osiyanasiyana oyenda m'chipinda chodyera. Kenako zinasankhidwa kuti chisankho chokwanira chizikhala kuwononga mizere yakale yogulitsa moyang'anizana ndi Kremlin, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mpingo waku Kazan, kofunikira ku kalasi yogwira ntchito. Pachifukwa ichi, polojekitiyi idasinthidwa pang'ono - akatswiriwa adakhulupirira kuti nyumba yotsika yochepera iwiri imathandizira kuti malo omwe apangidwa kale.
Komabe, anthu ambiri apereka zosankha zake. Pulojekiti yatsatanetsatane yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi injiniya ya Pushinn, yomwe idawoneka kuti kukhitchini-khitchin idamangidwa makamaka chifukwa cha kugwirira ntchito zida zankhondo zoyambirira ndi zakale komanso zatsopano. Zakale, monga aliyense akumvekera, ndi zakale. Ndipo yatsopanoyo ndi nyumba yaposachedwa. Zili zopitilira 700 zapitazo pamzindawu slang ndipo adatcha chida chatsopanocho. Fakitala yovuta - khitchini, malinga ndi injiniya akatswiri, ziyenera kukhala zachibale ku zotuluka m'mafakitale,
Kuti wogwira ntchitoyo sanawononge ntchito komanso nthawi yodutsa kuchokera ku chomera kupita kuchipinda chodyera. Izi zikuyenera kusokoneza kusankhidwa kwa chipinda chodyera.
Kenako adanenanso kuti malo a fakitaleyo-khitchini ndi chipinda chodyeramo pakati, kukhutitsa ntchito zonse, kudzakhala pakati pa mipingo yofiyira, komanso pakati pa matchalitchi ofiira ndi Kazan. Inde, inde, mpingo wa Kazan unalinso kuyimirira, koma kukwezeka kunali kale kufinya ku Knzi.
"Ndinamva kulakwa kuti nyumba zotanganidwa ndi nyumba zotanganidwa pamsewu wa Memenist, komwe mabungwe aboma amaikidwa (metallil Clubs, Subzavuch School), nyumba. Ndipo komabe ndili ndi kulimbika mtima kunena kotala. "
Kodi izi zinali chiyani? Ndipo ponena kuti, monga kuponderezedwa, panali nyumba ziwiri zabwino, zina zonse - zina zonse. Ndipo konse, sikofunikira kugwedeza zonse nthawi imodzi. M'nthawi yoyamba, nyumbazo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabwinja a kotala kuchokera kwa mpingo wa Sretensk kenako kusamba kwa Zaliniti ). "Nyumba zomwe zili m'mizere ya Melate Street of Firist zamphamvu komanso zazikulu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi CRC mogwirizana ndi Commentcheoz pamalo awo apano, ndipo ena mwa iwo amamangidwanso. Mwanjira imeneyi, munthawi yoyamba, malo pafupifupi theka la kotala lonsewo angagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo mabwinja amatha kukula nyumba zatsopano zozolowera zofunika pamoyo. Kumalo ena kotala kumakhala ngati malo osungirako zinthu zina pomanga CRC. " CRC ndi mgwirizano wapakati, ndiye kuti, bungwe logwirizira zosowa za ophunzira.
Akatswiri opanga ziphuphu ananena kuti njerwa zamiyala yoyambirira, malinga ndi anthu akale, osalimba, nyumba zotsalazo zimakhala zazing'ono, ndipo kumapeto kwa mpingo wa Kazan, pali tsamba lililonse. Chifukwa chake, kukulitsa zomanga pamanja kwa ofiira a Kuznesov pafupifupi osakumana ndi zopinga.
Anali ndi mwayi wina wojambula Gwalatsyn wina, yemwe amakhulupirira kuti ndizotheka kunyamula hibers pamsewu wa Merist, ndikukhazikitsa khitchini-krachin m'malo mwake. Zowona, kuyamba kuona lingaliro loti mumange m'chigawocho, pakona pa Okutobala ndi Kutalika. Uwu ndiye pakati pa malo antchito ndipo pafupi ndi gawo lalikulu - station ya Ryazhsky. Ndipo chipinda chodyeramo chimagwera m'dera lomwe limathandizidwa ndi chimbudzi.
Membala wa Council Council wa Sel Sellikanov anali ndi chidaliro kuti pempho lomanga pamalo akale ndi osavomerezeka. Pakatikati pa mzindawu ali kale m'chipinda chabwino chodyera "October, momwemonso chipinda chatsopano chikuyenera kulimbikitsa pakatikati pa malo ogwirira ntchito kuti wogwira ntchito ali ndi chakudya chamadzulo kapena chakudya chamadzulo. Amakhulupirira kuti fakitale ya kukhitchini iyenera kumangidwa ku Zarechye. Ichi, pakati pa zinthu zina, zimachepetsa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera mufiriji ya Ryazhsky Railway Station ndi mayendedwe oyendetsa chakudya chotentha chopanga.
Chifukwa chake, khalani wojambula maginiki ndi wojambula Golitsyn akungoyerekeza, sitingayende mumsewu wokongola wa zitsulo. Koma adapambana iwo omwe adaganiza zopereka mizere yogulitsa, malinga ndi momwe wolemba Gogol ndi Kinglor Nicholas II adapita.
Sanayang'anenso kuti malonda a malonda aposachedwa kwambiri, mu 1926, adakonzedwa kuti agwiritse ntchito akaunti yaboma, ndipo kuti ili ndi chipilala cha zomangamanga za kumapeto kwa zaka za Xviii. Mu "kamyani", nthawi imeneyo anali kutchedwa "wosakazidwa padziko lapansi."
Zithunzi za fakitale zinapanga gulu la adani
Pulojekiti yomaliza yovomerezeka idasintha zingapo. Choyamba, nyumbayo ndi pansi zitatu, osati ziwiri. M'malo mwake, gawo lapakati komanso pamiyala yonseyi. Tchuthi chodyeramo chakudya chokonzeka kukhitchini chinachulukitsidwa ndi ntchitoyi kuchokera ku 500 mpaka 1000 patsiku, ndipo magwiridwe onse a khitchipo amafotokozedwa m'malo mwa 10,000,000 - 12,000.
Nyumbayi idapangidwa ndi ukadaulo waposachedwa, kutengera zomwe zidachitika pomanga mafakitale a khitchini ku Moscow ndi Ivanovo-Vozneensk.
Pansi yoyamba ya mapulaniwo adayimitsa nyumbayi, bar yophika, cafe, malo ogulitsira a tchuthi ndi chipinda chodyera cha anthu 400. Kachiwiri - chipinda chodyeramo, buffet, laibulale, yopangira katundu ndi labotity labotale. Mu chachitatu - kalabu, zipinda zosewerera, loya, zowoneka ndi zowoneka za anthu 600. Apanso, pamawonekedwe komaliza, si malingaliro onse omwe akwaniritsidwa.
Kwa ogwira ntchito, kusuntha kosiyana, chipinda chosamba. Wogwira ntchito aliyense, akubwera kuntchito, amatha kusamba, kenako adasintha muntchito, kenako adafunafuna ntchito.
Kumbuyo kwa fakitaleyo, khitchini idayikidwa, kasiketi yazogulitsa zowonongeka, malo osungira zipatso, kusamba kwamasamba, zoperewera zamasamba, mabungwe othandizira
Khitchini idatumizidwa ndi mbale ziwiri ndi ma bolo ophika. Kutenthetsa.
Malinga ndi pulaniyo, mu 1928, omangamanga amayenera kuyala maziko mu 1929 kuti amalize nyumbayo mnyumbayi, kuti nthawi yozizira kapena nthawi yachisanu kapena nthawi yachilimwe kapena nthawi ya 1930 kuti ayambe ntchito ya fakitale ya khitchini .
Kenako adakonza kuti atsirize kumanga kwa chikondwerero cha 13 cha Okutobala, ndiye kuti, pakugwa kwa 1930. Koma nthawi zina sizinakumane. Pamapeto omaliza, ntchitoyi idachitika m'mabungwe a zomanga khumi ndi limodzi, omwe sanawone kuti ndikofunikira kuyang'anira zomwe adachita, ndipo zinthu zambiri zidayenera kukonzanso. Nthawi zonse kena kake - magetsi amagetsi, omasulira, kuphika ma boilers, chipangizo cha zakumwa zotentha zotentha, etc. Wokhayo, wokhala ndi njerwa sizinasokonekere - adalandira miliyoni anayi ndi theka kuchokera ku mizere yogulitsa yogulitsa ndi tchalitchi cha Kazana.
Omangidwa pamanja. Maulamuliro am'mwamba adakokera mbuzi - chida chapadera, chomwe ndi malamba omwe adalumikizidwa ndi mapewa ndi kumbuyo kwa wolemera, pomwe njerwa ziwiri kapena zitatu kapena zitatu zinaikidwa. Anandimanga kwambiri osagwira ntchito, ma brigades okhala ndi zida ndipo amapezeka kuchokera ku Moscow. Palibe amene amawotcha chidwi. Muscovites nthawi zambiri amakhumudwitsidwa - CRC yomwe yakwawoko sanafune kuwaigwiritsa chifukwa, chifukwa chake ufulu wolandira mafakitale sunagwire ntchito kwa osunthawo. Mwachilengedwe, tsiku lililonse amaganiza kwambiri za Derobel kuposa zomanga zokopa.
Anthu akumaloko nawonso sawanenedwanso chifukwa cha chidwi. Manyuzipepalawa adadandaula za chiphunzitso chachikulu chokulirapo komanso kuti ochita masewera atatu okhaokha 68 amalembedwa ndi owonda, ndipo awiri okha adadzimangirira pano mpaka kumapeto kwa ntchito yomanga. Enawa, zimapezeka, zitha kupotoza pa mwayi woyamba. Izi sizinali zophweka nthawi zonse ngati ntchito yomanga idakangana. Koma nthawi zambiri chilolezo chake chochotsa kuchotsa chidayambitsa mgwirizano wa omanga. Zitha kuwoneka, panali ena omwe amamvetsetsa anthu omwe achita bwino kwambiri, omwe ali pano chifukwa cha malamulo.
Inde, ambiri mumzinda wakuda: simudzakhala ndi kalikonse kuphika pafakitale iyi. Ntchito zinali zozunguliridwa ndi tizirombo, komanso timayembekezera nthawi imeneyo.
Mwachitsanzo, nyumba ya Kraty yomwe idayambitsa nyumbayo idapanga kuti chipinda chaching'ono kwambiri chidaperekedwa chifukwa chopangidwa chokha, ndipo izi sizinapatse mwayi wobweza bwino fakitale. Ogwira ntchito bwino mkati mwamkati ndi kuyimitsidwa pang'ono ndikumuimitsa nthawi. Monga zikuwonekera ndi kufufutira kwa thupi lomwe lili pansi pa chinthu chopanga.
Palibe, mwa njira, sanadabwe, bwanji palibe zambiri zokhudzana ndi gulu la Kratugin m'mabuku ogulitsa ndi pa intaneti? Koma munthuyo wapanga nyumba yatsopano ya mtundu watsopano komanso nthawi yatsopano ku Tula. Ndipo kulondola kuti palibe. Zoyenera kukumbukira za iye, za mdani? Womanga kratygin sanamalize ntchito yomanga, ndipo kale, chifukwa cha ogwira ntchito zamkati, adawombera mafuta.
Ndipo ili ndi khothi lina la Soviet silinadziwe cholakwika chachikulu - mfundo yoti matenda a nthaka yotsika mtengo ya Tula sanatchulidwe, ndichifukwa chake ntchitoyo ndiye kuti pamafunika kukonzanso mavuto nthawi zonse.
Menya
Munjira yoyesera, khitchini idagwira kale kuyambira pachiyambi cha February, kupereka zatsopano zokhala ndi zida. Koma zopezekazo zomwe zimachitika nthawi ya 6 koloko usiku pa February 24. Panali pafupi alendo masauzande omwe adamuitanira, omwe ambiri amapyorms a Tula.
Pambuyo pa gawo lovomerezeka la fakitaleyo-khitchin yomwe imachitidwa ndi zitsanzo za malonda awo - othandizira.
Zachidziwikire, ndakatulo zakomweko zidanena mawu awo:
"Timalera moyo watsopano,
Ndipo amadzikonda -
Adani Athu -
Tilepheretse kumanga ena
Ndipo masitepe abisika.
M'mphepete mwa mandondo ndi avigar,
Moyo wakale sumaliza.
Fakitale-khitchini ndi kuwombera
Kugunda kwamphamvu kwa tsiku ndi tsiku. "
Nyumba yatsopanoyi idanyadira kwenikweni. Tsiku lililonse fakitale limakhalapo maulendo atatu kapena anayi. Ndipo amasangalala ndi chipangizo chamkati kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, mu Marichi 1933, "Kommular" adanena kuti: "Pa Marichi 18, Mzindawu Council of the Oce, limodzi ndi gorzhilsozz, kukonza ulendo wa Tula wa Alweng. A PITENTER adzayendera nthambi, fakitale yakukhitchini, kuchapa, malowe a Sworhushet. Maulendo oyenda amapangidwira tsiku lonse. Pambuyo pa ulendowu, ophunzira adzalandira chakudya chake chamadzulo. Lembani paulendo wopita ku Gorzhilsuyuyuzuzuzuzu (kupezeka pa dipatimenti) mu T. Tisova ndi mumzinda wa Council wa Maola, Com №13), Telefoni 12. Nyumba ya anthu, ili m'njira, ndi nyumba yomwe inkakhala yosiririka kukhitchini yatsopano-khitchini kuchokera pazenera - oyandikana nawo apainiya omwe ali pa intaneti.
Zowona, chidwi pankhani ya kudziyeretsa kwa m'nyumbamo kwa anthu ambiri msanga. Alendo anayamba kudandaula za Antisania, dothi, mbale zamkombo. Koma izi ndi nkhani inanso ina yomwe ilibe chilichonse chofanana ndi lingaliro labwino la kumasulidwa kwa anthu kuchokera ku ukapolo wa kukhitchini.