Mitundu ya petulo imasinthidwa nthawi zonse, mitundu yatsopano ya mafuta ikupangidwa, yomwe ili ndi zinthu zina komanso mtundu wina. Akatswiri adanenanso kuti zomwe muyenera kudziwa za mafuta, adachotsa nthano zodziwika bwino ndikuyankha mafunso pafupipafupi.
Mtundu wa mafuta amatha kusankhidwa mu mtundu wake.
Mpaka pano, pali nkhani zapakati pa oirtorsesseats kuti mafuta amatha kutsimikizika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake. Zowonadi, ku Soviet zaka zambiri, mitundu yamapasel mitundu yosiyana ndi utoto kuti muchepetse kuthekera kwa kupukusa kosaloledwa. Komabe, tsopano mitundu yonse imawoneka chimodzimodzi. Ndi kusintha kwa euro5, mafuta a Ai-92 si osiyana ndi ai-98 kapena mtundu kapena kununkhira.
Ngakhale njira yovuta yowunikira kuchuluka kwa mafuta akadali. Zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti akukhudzani. Sakani phulusa khungu, ndipo ndi mafuta osakanikirana a mafuta a dizilo (DT) - mafuta. Pakadali pano, njirayi siyigwira ntchito posankha mafuta achinyengo.
Kuyesedwa kolondola kwambiri kumatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha mafuta oktis-2.
Malinga ndi zofunikira za ghost, mafuta amakono amatha kukhala ndi utoto wa mitundu iliyonse, kupatula zobiriwira zobiriwira komanso zamtambo. Momwemonso, machitidwe a mafuta owoneka ngati mafuta amachitikabe, koma okha kuti alembetse mankhwala ndikuwonetsa machake. Kuwonongeka kumayenera kukhala mpweya wothamanga, wakuda kwambiri kapena wofiirira.
Kusakaniza mafuta ndi och osiyanasiyana kumakhala ndi mtolo wa osakaniza
Nthawi zambiri mumatha kumva zonena zoterezi ngati mungasakanize mafuta a Ai-92 ndi Ai-98, ndiye kuti mafutawo sasakanizidwa. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa AI-98, akuti adzasonkhanitsidwa, kuyankhula, pamwamba pa mafuta 92. Zotsatira zake, pomwe mafuta a 98th saloledwa, kukana kwa injini ya kuwonongeka kwa otsika-o onkide kumachepa, ndipo izi zidzapangitsa kuti zitheke komanso katundu wowonjezereka pamagetsi. Kuvomereza koteroko ndi nthano chabe. Ponena za mtolo wothekera, zofunikira za muyezo wa kachulukidwe ka petulo ndi chimodzi: liyenera kukhala mu 725 - 780 kg / m3 ° C. Palibe mafuta opanga mafuta omwe ali kunja kwa malire awa. Chifukwa chake, mitolo ikasakaniza iwo, makamaka chifukwa cha kugwedezeka, sichoncho. Chifukwa chake, ngati osakanikirana ofanana ofanana ai-92 ndi Ai-98, timapeza chofanizira cha mafuta 95. Kugwira ntchito injini, kupukusa izi sikungawakhudze.Nambala ya octane imalankhula za mtundu wa mafuta
Mutha kupezanso lingaliro loti mafuta otsika mtengo a Marie Ai-92 amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe otsika, chifukwa cholinga chake chimapangidwa molakwika. Zoterezi sizolakwika komanso zotsutsana ndi kupanga kwamakono. M'malo mwake, nambala ya octane yomwe mafuta idzalandira pambuyo poti kuwonongeka kumakhala ndi nambala ya 80. Powonjezera nambala ya octane, zowonjezera ndi ma alkyls, mowa, zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera kukhazikika kwa mafuta kuti mudzichepetse amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zotsatira zake, nambala ya octane imachuluka mpaka 92, 95, 98 ndi 100. Mwanjira ina, mafuta omwe ali ndi nambala yosiyanasiyana yosiyana ndi imodzi, maziko.
Pa malo opangira mafuta a mtundu wotchuka nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mafuta abwino
Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wa mafuta pamtunda wodziwika bwino wamagesi ndiwokwera kwambiri. Komabe, pali zosiyana zambiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa nthawi zambiri ndi chizolowezi chodziletsa. Chowonadi ndichakuti ufulu wogulitsa mafuta pansi pa mtundu wotsatsa umatha kukhala ndi kampani yaying'ono iliyonse yomwe ili yokwanira kumaliza mgwirizano ndi kampani yakumwamba ya echelon. Chifukwa chake, palibe milandu yomwe pemphaniyi pamtima imapangidwa ndi mafuta abwino, ndipo nambala ya "yosakaniza" yotereyi imakwezedwa.Mafuta sakhala ukalamba
Yosavuta kusunga mafutawo sikomveka, chifukwa imakhala ndi alumali. Malinga ndi miyezo yamakono, nthawi yotsimikizika yosungira mafuta a mitundu yonse ndi 1 chaka kuchokera tsiku lopanga mafuta. Nthawi yomweyo, kuwonongeka kwa petulo kumadalira kutentha: kukwera kutentha, mafuta amafuta mwachangu. Komanso, mtundu wa mafuta owagwiritsa ntchito mwachangu polumikizana ndi mpweya ndi zitsulo. Imakhala yofulumira kwambiri kuposa mafuta atataya katundu wa mafuta agalimoto. Kuchokera apa timapeza nthawi yosungirako yamagetsi - theka la chaka.
Petulo silimazizira
Pali lingaliro loti, mosiyana ndi mafuta dizilo, mafuta sasintha ndipo chisanu chilichonse chimakhala chikusemphana. Komabe, izi sizowona. Pang'onopang'ono, madzi amachepetsa mu thankiyo, yomwe imatsikira pansi pa thanki yamagesi ndikudziunjikiranso kutsogolo kwa pampu yamafuta. Kenako, imalowetsedwa mu dongosolo la kudyetsa nkhuni mu mawonekedwe a kusakaniza ndikutuluka mu zipinda zoyaka. Pambuyo posiya mphamvu, gawo la mafuta limakhalabe mumisewu yayikulu, mu fyuluta ndi pampu. Pa nthawi youleshoni yozizira, madzi amasunthika, amasandulika kukhala njere yamkati mwa madzi ndi ma crystalluss, kuyamwa ndime ya mafuta. Zotsatira zake, masitepe agalimoto. Chifukwa chake madziwo sadziunjikira thanki yamafuta, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera omwe amawonjezedwa ndi mafuta. Amasungunuka madzi okha ndipo sazipereka kuti asunthe. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito mowa wa ethyl pazolinga izi.
Ndi ngozi, petulo mu tank itha kuphulika
Izi zikuwoneka mu sinema, koma m'moyo weniweni ndizosatheka. Monga mukudziwa, kuphulika kumakwiyitsa chisakanizo cha mafuta a petulo. Pakadali pano, makina amafuta amasindikizidwa, ndipo mwayi wa kuphulika kwa thanki yamafuta siyikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amathiridwa. Chinthu china ndikuyatsa moto. Mzere wamafuta ukaperekedwa ndi mafuta kuchokera ku malo otentha kapena zinthu zotentha za dongosolo la kumasulidwa, moto womwe ungakhale wovuta kulipira.