Masana abwino, owerenga anga. Zikhalidwe Zipatso zimafuna kuyendera mwatsatanetsatane. Izi zidzapangitsa kuzindikira, mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda akuluakulu a perse, omwe nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ndi kupindika masamba, omwe amayamba kupindika. Pali zifukwa zingapo za izi.
Mapeyala. (Chithunzi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi layisensi ya Standa © Ogorodyargargalki.ru)
Kuwotcha kwa bacteria kumawonekera mu zouma ndi masamba opotoka. Nthawi yomweyo, inflorescence imafa, ma necrotic akuda akukula. Bacteriosis imayambitsidwa ndi matenda owopsa - mabakiteriya a banja la Ervinia. Peyala ili ndi kukana kochepa kwa matendawa.
Magwero a matenda:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito pokonza zida zosatsutsika;
- Kumenya mabakiteriya kudzera m'ming'alu, mabala, kuwonongeka kwamakina kuwuka nthambi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito kufesa komwe muli nawo ndi kubzala zinthu.
Kutenga kachilomboka nthawi zambiri kumaonekera pa maluwa. Mabakiteriya ndi mbalame, tizilombo, mphepo, mvula zimasamutsidwa pamodzi ndi mungu. Kubereka Kukula Kwachangu Kwatentha (kutentha pamwamba pa madigiri 18) ndi chinyezi chomwe chimapanga pafupifupi 70%.
Njira zolimbana:
- Mtengo wokhudzidwa kwambiri umafunika kutuluka ndi kuwotcha.
- Pa zizindikiro zazing'ono zazing'ono za bacteriosis, tikulimbikitsidwa kudula nthambi zazomwe zakhudzidwazo ndi zigawo za kutumphuka. Magawo otetezedwa ndi yankho (1%) ya mkuwa wamkuwa.
- Pamaso, katatu katatu kerani ndi mayankho a maantibayotiki. Onani nthawi yayitali masiku 5. Ntchito "Streptomycin", "biytecracycline", "biomycin", komanso gwiritsani ntchito "agatracycline", "Tetracycline", "Aminamicin". Mlingo wa malita 10 wa madzi ndi pafupifupi 20 ml ya mankhwala.
- Fungicides yapaderayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito malinga ndi malangizo, gairiir, azophy. BiobacterArd "Phytolavin" amathandiza bwino.
Pofuna kupewa zida zoperewera ndi zotengera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwira ntchito m'mundamo, mbewuyo imakhazikika ndi zizindikiro za matenda omwe amasonkhanitsidwa nthawi yake. Zoyambitsa matenda zitha kukhala tchire la hawthorn, komanso mitengo yazipatso yamtchire. Kutali kwa 150 m m'mundamu iwo ayenera kuwatsogolera.
Mapeyala. (Chithunzi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi layisensi ya Standa © Ogorodyargargalki.ru)
Imagunda matenda oyamba ndi awa, omwe amadziwika kuti kuwombera, moto wa Antonov, mapeyala akuluakulu kale okalamba wazaka 18.Zizindikiro zoyambirira mu mawonekedwe a zilembo zofiirira zimawoneka pa nthambi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu. Pang'onopang'ono, madontho amapeza mtundu wakuda wala. Masamba owoneka bwino amagonjetsedwa khungwa limatha kenako ndikugwa. Pambuyo pake, bala lalikulu limakhalabe. Masamba ophwanyika ndi zipatso ndi wakuda, wolungamitsidwa. M'malo otere, amakhala kwa nthawi yayitali panthambi.
Kupatsira matenda osokoneza bongo. Pakukula msanga matenda, mikhalidwe yabwino imapangidwa ndi nyengo yotentha komanso chinyezi chachikulu.
Njira zolimbana:
- Ndi matenda ochulukirapo, mtengo umadulidwa ndikuwotchedwa.
- M'magawo oyamba kukula kwa matendawa, nthambi zodetsedwa zimadulidwa ndikuwotchedwa. Zigawozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi yankho (1%) la nyengo yamkuwa.
- Mabala, ming'alu pachimake zimatsukidwa ndi zodetsa zodetsa ndi kupopera mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamkuwa ndi kuchuluka kwa 1%. Kenako amathandizidwa ndi dimba.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira njira zodzitetezera, kuphatikizapo kusankha kwa kuyatsa mitundu ya mapeyala, kuwonetsa kukana khansa yakuda. Ndikofunika kuchotsa ndikuwononga zipatso ndi masamba otsika. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso mu nthawi yophukira ndi mitengo ikuluikulu.
Matenda a fungus amawonetsedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana a mtengo wa peage wakuda. Kanemayu amatulutsidwa mosavuta, chifukwa ndi mycelium ndipo samalowa minofu.
Saprofit bowa sali wa tiziromboti. Adzagwera pamasamba, mphukira, zipatso zowonongeka chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kupendekera, zikopa, nkhupakupa zosiyanasiyana mu ntchito zofunika kuzipatula madzi ophatikizika, omwe amathandizira bowa. Zovuta Zomera Zimagona mu Mapepala Olimba a Mapepala okhala ndi filimu yakuda, yomwe imachepetsa photosynthesis. Kuwoneka kwa mbewu pamitengo kumachepetsa mtengo wawo.
Matenda a mitengo. (Chithunzi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi layisensi ya Standa © Ogorodyargargalki.ru)
Kuti muthane ndi matenda a fungal, gwiritsani ntchito "phytodeter". Kupewa ndikupanga mbewu zabwino zabwino. Ndikofunikira kulera korona wowuma nthawi ndi nthawi, tengani kudyetsa kofunikira, kuthetsa nthaka yambiri m'nthaka. Kubweretsa zodumphira masika oyambira masika ndi laimu yankho la laimu ndi kuwonjezera kwa sulfate yamkuwa.
Matenda okula mwachangu amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono akuda ndi bulauni zambiri pamiyala ya zipatso ndi mapepala. Pang'onopang'ono amakula, kuyambitsa kupotoza ndi kuwongolera masamba owuma. Zipatso zopunduka zimasiya kukula. Makamaka, gawo limafalikira ndi nyengo yayitali yonyowa.Mitengo ya perekani mitengo ipopera, kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides, monga "Horus" kapena "chisoni."
Pofuna kupewa kukula kwa matenda, madzi akuba amakonzedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa 1%. Harry akutsikira katatu: Luso lisanakhale ndi luso la impso, pa siteji yopanga masamba, kumapeto kwa maluwa. Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse korona, chotsani Padalikuta, yotentha masamba ogwa.
Pakakhala zizindikiro zomveka bwino za matenda, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimatha kubweretsa mavuto. Black pa pea peyala ndi opindika pazinthu zotsatirazi:
- Kusowa kwa Bora. Kuwonetsedwa mumdima wamasamba. Komanso imachepetsa kukula kwa mitengo, nthambi zimawuma.
- Kusowa kwa calcium. Mutha kuwona kufalikira kwa magawo akuda ndi owuma kuchokera m'mphepete mwa masamba kupita pakati.
Wodyetsa bwino ndi osakaniza zakudya zomwe zili ndi mchere womwe umafunikira.
Madontho ndi masamba a masamba amawuma ndikupindika panthawi yachilala. Ndikofunika muzomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuthirira kwamadzi kugwiritsa ntchito payipi ndi mphuno yoyenera.
Ndikosatheka kunyalanyaza mawonekedwe a peyala modzidzimutsa ndi masamba opindika. Izi zoterezi zitha kuwonetsa kukula kwa matenda owopsa kapena vuto lina lomwe likufuna njira zoyenera komanso zoyenera kupulumutsa mbewu.