Pa Marichi 19, 2021, msonkhano wolumikizana wa Chirasha Zamalonda ndi makampani a chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi komiti ya Russia yopanga zovuta pamutuwu : "Kulumikizana bwino kwa mabizinesi, apk ndi boma la Russian Federation kuti azindikire momwe ap."
Wofufuza wotsogolera wa labotale wa ecology yazaulimi matroorganisms FGBNU "Russian Research Institute Institute", chomwe chikukonzekereratu alimi atsopano.
- Nikolai Ivanovich, kodi ntchito yanu idzaperekedwa pamsonkhano?
- Ndilankhula za momwe zabwino zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda azomera mukamakula mbewu.
Posachedwa, kusintha kosasangalatsa kwachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mbewu. Pali chitukuko champhamvu cha heterosporom Fusarium bowa bowa, mizu yovunda, matenda a mtima ndi ndondomeko za mycotoxium ummotium. Kukula kwa matenda a pathogenic fungarium, komwe kumapangitsa T-2 kunayambitsidwa. Kufa kwa anthu ambiri m'ma 40s kumalumikizidwa ndi deta ya mycotoxin mu 40s. Panthawiyo, adalankhula za ma spikelets omwe adatsala m'munda atatha masika, adalimbikira ntchito patholin - woopsa, ndipo anthu anali opambana kwambiri.
Tsopano popanda nkhondo iliyonse, ilinso chimodzimodzi pamadera ambiri.
M'madera a Chernezem, mu gawo la Scavpol, zikwizikwi, matani m'mafamu ena akhala akukumana ndi tirigu wina wazakudya zambiri chifukwa cha poizoni kuposa T-2. Masiku ano, ndizofala kuti ndikofunikira kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito katswiri wa chemistry. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kuletsa fungicides. Komabe, tiwone zomwe zili zoyipa kuposa fungicides kapena mycotoxins. Zimapezeka kuti fungicides amawola kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu. Ngati muli ndi nthawi yozizira ya tirigu yozizira, ngakhale mutapanga njira ziwiri kapena zitatu, pokonza zomaliza zimachitika kumwera kwa Russia mu June amatenga miyezi yopitilira isanu ndi umodzi, mwachitsanzo. Kuchokera pa chemist Palibe chomwe chingatsalira muzinthu zomalizidwa. Ndipo tirigu woletsedwa ndi T-2 TEXIN ndi mabodza pazaka zapitazi, koma kuchuluka kwa mycotoxin sikuchepa.
Tili ndi malamulo oyambitsidwa ndi opanga zida zobzala chomera, olamulidwa ndi ntchitoyi polembetsa. Palibe mwayi kupereka chemistry yowonjezera. Zinthu zambiri zimagwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito fung, herbicides, mankhwala amangopangidwa.
Nthawi yomweyo, tsopano njira zina zachilengedwe zimatheka kutchuka. Sipadzakhala fungicides kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Koma pamapeto pake timalandira? Ponena za herbicides ndi tizilombo, sindidzafalikira makamaka, osati kudera lanu, koma za fungicides - zidzakhala zotsutsa zomwe ndidanena zotsalira za zinthu zoteteza mankhwala.
- Kodi ndizosatheka kuchita popanda chemistry?
- Pomwe zidakwaniritsidwa. Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito chomera choyenera cha mankhwala chimatanthawuza, timachepetsa chiwerengero cha mycotoxants yomwe imapangidwa mu mbewu zathu zomwe zidalimidwa. Pankhaniyi, mycotoxins sadzatero, ndipo njira zamagetsi zimatetezedwa mwachangu. Ngati sizikugwiritsa ntchito chilichonse, kudzikundikira kwa Fusaria oxiserum ndi mycotoxins ayamba, komwe kumadzetsa.
Fusaryaum oxisperperum ndi poizoni pazomera, zomwe zimalimidwa ngati malo achilengedwe. Fusaryaum oxistoms ali ponseponse ndipo ndi wothandiza matenda a mtima ndi zowola. Popanda kuteteza mbewu, omwe ali mdera lanu, mbewu za zinthu zomwe zingakhale zosangalatsa - palibe kukaikira.
Fusarium mayaspprum amapereka mycotoxin - moniliformin, zochita zake pa thupi la munthu ndikusintha mu minofu ya minofu, magazi. Palinso matendawa, omwe amabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo la mabwalo, chiwindi, impso, esophagus, iSophagus, imvulogy ya mapapu ndi ziwopsezo.
Tikuwona magulu a tirigu, ndipo zikafika zingwe za chiwindi chathu - chimadziwika kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, fusarperium oxisperum imayambitsa Mubagenity. Chomwe chimakhala bwino - kupeza zinthu zokuthandizani kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotchinga zomera zomwe zingalole kupeza zokolola zambiri popanda chemistry ya mycotoboctoose, yomwe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timatulutsa.
- Kufuna kwanu kwa alimi onse, adral, ogwira ntchito zaulimi?
- Zikhumba zimayenera kuperekedwa ku Boma, osati ogwira ntchito zaulimi. Alimi omwe ali ndi udindo wopanga malonda. Komabe, popanda zida zoyenera sizotheka kuwunika kwa mycootogical. Kungone University Grarini ku yunivesite ndi Institute of Tweatian kumatenga nawo mbali m'magaziniyi. Ndipo pamapeto pake zimachitika kuti tidziwe za tirigu waku Russia wa Mycotoxins, pomwe wokutidwa kuchokera ku Africa ... Chaka chatha, operekedwa ku China. Koma sitimakhala ndi zida ku Russia, zomwe zimatha kudziwa kukhalapo kwa mycotoxins. Timakonda ma nthiwatiwa - timakonzera mitu yathu mumchenga, sitikuwona chilichonse, timakhulupirira kuti izi siikutero, koma siziri konse.
Ndikufunitsitsadi ku zigawo zomwe zinthuzo kuti muwone mycotoxins mu njere zimakonzedwa. Ndipo m'mbiri, kuti njere yathu ikhale yopanda mycotoxins, ndikuti alimi-ulusiwo samalemera, alimi opusitsa ndi kugula tirigu pamalo otsika mtengo.
Izi ndi zina zomwe takambirana pa Marichi 19, 2021 pamsonkhano wa Council of the Russian chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi luso logwirizanitsa kwa mabizinesi "aps ndi boma la Federation waku Russia kuti adziwe kuthekera kwa apc. "
(Sourcen: Mesrurum.ru).