Gyppies akuti ndi anthu olemera kwambiri. Monga kuti nthano zawo zikuuza, mafuko ena omwe Mulungu adapereka zinthu za padziko lapansi, ndipo Gypsies adapereka dziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo zowonadi, ndizotheka kukumana ndi oyimira mtunduwu mu ngodya iliyonse ya dziko lathu lapansi, m'maiko osiyanasiyana.
Ndi mbali ya Gypsi yomwe imayambitsa mafunso kuchokera kwa ofufuza, chifukwa chakuvomerezedwa ndi anthu omwe ndi kofunikira kuti apeze mizu yake. Kupulumutsa chikhalidwe chanu chodabwitsa komanso chowala, anthu aku Gypsy amakhala ndi chinsinsi - owoneka bwino, koma osadziwika. Kodi nchiyani chomwe chinganene nkhani ya Gypsies? Abambo awo anali ndani? Ndipo mafuko Gypsy adachita bwanji dziko lonse lapansi?
Emita
Kuzindikira kudziwana ndi anthu aliwonse ayenera kupenda dzina lake, chifukwa pakhoza kukhala mbali zina za mbiri ndi mapangidwe. Njira yodziwika kwambiri yodzipangira tokha inali mawu oti "rum" kapena "Roma".
Chosangalatsa, kutengera dera lomwe likukhala, kutchula mtima kumatha kusintha. Mwachitsanzo, "Spikhep" imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Armenia. Malinga ndi akatswiri a zilankhulo, matanthauzidwe awa adzapita ku liwu la Indo-European, mawu ", mawu oyamba omwe amatha kusintha pakapita nthawi.
Mawu onse "Aroma" amawonekera kwa nthawi yoyamba mu "moyo wa St. George Aphonyky", yomwe ndi tsiku la XI m'zaka za XI. Kuliko kuti mutha kuwona liwu loti "ku Bestnan", lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ku fuko. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki, zimatanthawuza "osasinthika". Chifukwa chake inkagwiritsidwa ntchito momveka bwino - sizotheka, koma Mawuwo adakhazikika mwamphamvu ya dzikoli.
Ngati muli ndi zilankhulo zakunja, mu Chingerezi china, ndiye kuti mwakumbukira kale dzina lina Roma. A Britain awaitanira "Jeepsi" - ndi fanizo ndi Aigupto. Mfundo zoterezi zinaonetsa malingaliro akale okhudza ma Gypsies monga alendo ochokera ku Egypt.
Chiyambi cha Gypsy
Popeza Gypsy alibe zolemba kwa nthawi yayitali, nthano chabe ya anthu amenewa yomwe idafika tsiku ndi tsiku lomwe zidachokera. Koma zowonadi, tsoka, zochepa, motero muyenera kumangirira kwambiri. Mu "Brockhaus ndi Efron" Dictionary, akuti amatsenga ali ndi mizu yaku India, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi ofufuza angapo ku XVIIII.
Chomwe chimafala kwambiri, motero kuyankhula ", lingaliro la asayansi limachepetsedwa kuti tsiku lobadwa la makolo a ma gypsies amakono linali India ku Gujarat ndi Rajasthan. Komabe, genetics zimatsimikiziranso mtundu uwu, zikudziwika kuti kupatukana ndi mafuko am'sodzi kunachitika pambuyo pake kuposa zaka za m'ma 500 nthawi yathu.
Koma ndichifukwa chiyani makolo a Gybory adaganiza zosiya dziko lawo? Mafunso awa, ngakhale olemba mbiri a olemba mbiri satha kupereka mayankho olondola. Amakhulupirira kuti gulu laling'ono la Amwenye linaperekedwa kwa mfumu ya Perisiya.
Ndikosatheka kupatula mtsogolo Achi Gypes adagawika, ndipo gawo limodzi la iwo lidapita kumayiko aku Palestina, wina kupita ku Egypt (nalonso malo akuti "DJIP"). Ndipo pano, inenso, ndikupangiranso kulumikizana ndi data yamakono - genetics. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kukhazikika kwa Gypsies kunali njira ya Aspon, popeza poyamba adaimira mitundu yakunja komwe kulibe zodetsa zachilendo.
Gyppies ku Western Europe
Gawo la mayiko aku Europe, Aromani adachokera ku Byzantium. Mu ufumu wa Byzantine, iwo ankawachitira mwapadera, anachitira ena zinthu, koma izi sizinali zotsutsa ufulu kapena ngati.
Kudzipatula kwa mphamvu yamphamvu yomwe kale ijanso adakankhira Aroma kuti akafune moyo wabwino kwambiri. Chimodzi mwatsopano ku Europe kunabwera zinthu zoyambira, zachinyengo, zopemphetsa ndi amatsenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azungu akhale oyimira fuko lonse.
Khalidwe la The Gypsies, kutuluka kwawo mosabisa motsutsana ndi maziko a vuto lazachuma kumayiko ena kunapangitsa anthu kukhala gulu la anthu, lomwe nthawi zambiri limawonekera mu malamulo ndi magwiritsidwe. Nthawi yomweyo, kusala kwa Gyppsy kunawonedwa.
Olemba N. Bessonov ndi N. Lemeter mu buku lake "mbiri ya Roma. Mawonekedwe atsopano "amatsogolera izi:
"Ku Moravia, Gypsies adadula khutu lakumanzere ku Bohemia. Mu Ercgeritrogenia, Austria adasankhidwa kukhala mtundu ndi zina. Mwina nkhanza kwambiri zidapezeka kuti kukazinga Wilhelm I Prussian. Mu 1725, adalamulanso zaimfa yonse yaimuna ndi yachikazi padziko lonse lapansi. "Monga mukuwonera, zinali kale za kuphedwa kwa mkwiyo wa anthu. Komabe, Aromani anatha kupulumuka ndikusunga ma ethnos awo okha, komanso chikhalidwe choyambirira, chomwe chimakhala mafani ambiri.
Kum'mawa kwa Europe ndi Russia
Koma ngati ku Western Europe, malingaliro oterewa m'mafuko achi Gypsy adawonedwa, kenako kum'mawa kwa azungu kunali kosiyana ndi anthu aku Europe. Kumeneku, A Gypsi adzitsimikizira kuti amisiri aluso, aboma, nsikidzi.
Ngakhale Ottomans omwe analanda Europe, mfundo zofewa mokwanira zidachitika mogwirizana ndi Roma. Kalanga ine, ndipo apa sizinayende popanda zopweteka. M'madera a Moldavian ndi volosach, komwe Chikristu chidafalikira mwachangu, mogwirizana ndi zikopa za Gipes. Adaweruzidwa kuti abadwe.
Kulengeza za 1852 akuti:
"Moystery wa St. Akapolo owerengeka oyambirirawa amagulitsidwa, pa Meyi 8, 1852, monga amuna 18, anyamata 10, azimayi 7 ndi atsikana atatu: Zabwino kwambiri. "Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mu ufumu wa Russia kupita ku Gypsies sunakhale ndi ubale wabwino. Anthu a ku Russia, mosakayikira, anazindikira kuthekera kwa Gypsies kusamalira akavalo, mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri ya okwera. Oyimira ambiri a anthuwa adalembetsa m'mashelufu akavalo. Komabe, m'mabuku a wolemba mbiri yakale ya Russia S.m.solovy, amanenedwa poyera kuti: "Gypyy .... Iwo adawerengera anthuwo owopsa chifukwa chosaphunzira ndi mphero zawo ".
Zachidziwikire, A Gypsi ali ndi ufulu wokhumudwitsidwa chifukwa chotsutsana ndi anthu awo. Tsoka ilo, ndi momwe zilili momwe "supuni imagundidwa ndi mbiya ya MASYAM." Ngakhale kuti pakati pa Gyppies masiku ano kuli kutali ndi anthu owona mtima, musaiwale kuti oimira ambiri a ethnos ali anthu otseguka, anthu aluso, amadzipereka kwambiri pantchito yawo ndipo adakwanitsa kusunga chikhalidwe chokongola cha makolo.