M'mbiri ya nkhondo yayikulu ya dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la Arcric, lomwe lidali gawo la USSR mbali yayikulu ya zida zankhondo kuchokera kumayiko a Anti-Hitler omwe amakhala pamalo apadera.
Amawerengera pafupifupi kotala la lenid lizovski katundu, chifukwa anali njira mwachangu kwambiri yosinthira zida zofunika kwambiri kunkhondo yathu. Komanso zowopsa: madoko opita.
Njira yovutayi inali yovuta bwanji, munthu akhoza kuweruza mbiri yakale yomwe ili ndi Steviet - "Bolshevik wakale". Chombochi tsiku limodzi pa Meyi 27, 1942 anapulumuka zigawenga za ndege za ndege za ku Germany - ndipo pambuyo pa zonse, ngakhale bomba lomwe lidatha kugunda ku Murmansk.
Kutumiza koyamba ku Usyr pansi pa pulogalamu yothandizira kwakukulu, komwe tsopano kwatchedwa Land a Lena (ngakhale kuti poyamba mawu a Asitikali a ku America), adayamba theka lachilimwe la 1941. Monga otetezeka kwambiri komanso mokwanira panthawiyo, arctic adasankhidwa. Madoko olakwika a Soviet a Arctic Ocean - Murmansk, komanso arkhangelk, adayamba kumaliza ntchito ya Arctic Korvayev. Unali mzinda uno pa Ogasiti 31, 1941, anavomera chotsimikizika choyambirira, chotchedwa "Dervyshe" komanso chombo zonyamula katundu 7 ndi zombo 15. Dongosolo lotsatira, lomwe lapatsidwa kale mndandanda wa PQ-1 posachedwa, "adafika ku Usr pa Okutobala 11. Ndipo chotsimikizika choyamba, chomwe ku Murmansk - PQ-6, chinafika komwe likupita pa Disembala 20, 1941.
Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa malo a polar anali awiri ofesedwa mu mzere - PQ-16 ndi PQ-17. Woyambayo adadziwika kuti ndi wochita bwino kwambiri malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mtengo wake pamawu ake ndi zomwe zimaperekedwa. Chachiwiri, chachifumu chimadziwika kuti kukonzekera kwake kunali kothekera kwamphamvu kwa ntchito zapadera za ku Germany, chifukwa chake m'njira yomwe idagonjetsedwa ndi kuyendetsa ndege yaku Germany, kwenikweni. Kuphatikiza apo, chigonjetsochi chidakhala chobwezera mtundu waku Germany cha kutumiza kwabwino PQ-16. Ngakhale tsoka la "khumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi" silidzatcha zosavuta, chomwe ndi chitsanzo cha woyendetsa ndege wa "Bolshevik" a Bolshevik ".
Chombochi chinagwera polar chimakhala ndi ntchito yamtendere - mayendedwe a nkhalango ndi nyanja yakumpoto. "Bolshevik" wakale "adamangidwa mu 1933 pagombe lakumpoto ku Leingrad ndikukhala m'gulu la anthu otakasuka (kutalika kwa matani a anthu ogulitsa) - matani 5100 a matani 5100 a zida za nkhalango). Ntchitoyi idapambana kwambiri kwa zaka zisanu - kuyambira mu 1930 mpaka 1935 - idamanga ziwiya 15 zokwana 15. Matabwa asanu ndi anayi amadutsa chomera, zinthu zinanso zambiri - North. Zombozi zidadziwika ndi kulimba mtima kwamphamvu zowonjezereka, chifukwa, malinga ndi ntchitoyi, mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nkhalangoyi idapezeka pamenepo. Kuphatikiza apo, kunyamula koteroko kungakhale kutalika kwa 4 m, ndikukonzanso "bolshevik ngati" Bolshevik Akale ", omwe amatchedwanso" nkhalango zazikulu " . Pomaliza, popeza nyanja ikuluikulu idadziwitsidwa chiphunzitso chachikulu cha nyanja yayikulu ya malamba akuluakulu m'nkhalangomo, adalandiranso chiyambukidwe ndi ayezi. M'mawu, kwa nthawi yake inali zotengera zabwino kwambiri, zogawidwa kwambiri, ndi mikhalidwe yabwino.
Zonsezi zakhala chifukwa chomwe nkhalango yayikulu imasonyezera kuti nkhondoyi itayamba. Gawo lalikulu la iwo linagwira ntchito ku Far East, ndikupereka malo okongoletsa ku Soviet Union ku United States - ndipo wopomerayo adaperekedwanso kwa izi. Ndipo "Bolshevik wakale", amene anagwira ntchito ku kampani yotumizira ya Murmansk, inakhala gawo la polaro. Kuonetsetsa kuteteza sitimayo kuchokera pakuwukira kwa ndege, mfuti ziwiri zotsutsana ndi ndege zomwe zimakhazikika pa iyo ndi mfuti zingapo zotsutsana ndi ndege - ndipo nkhalango zimasandulika.
Kumapeto kwa Marichi 1942, Bolshevik wakale adafika ku New York, komwe zipolopolo zopitilira 4,000 ndi zophulika zidakwezedwa pa bolodi, komanso ndege za theka. Kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, sitimayo inalowa munyanja yotseguka ndipo inayamba ulendowu pa reykjavik, komwe ziwonetsero zambiri za polar zinapangidwa nthawi imeneyo. Ndipo mochedwa usiku pa Meyi 19, 1942, dzina lake Caravan PQ-16 lidapita ku Murmansk. Zinali zombo zonyamula katundu 35 zomwe zili pachilumba choperekeza, komanso chotsatirachi pachilumba cha tcheru la netrish 4 owononga 4 ndi owononga 3.
Masiku asanu oyambilira anjirayo anali odekha: ndege za Hitler kapena sitima zapamadzi sizinafike ku Caravan. Koma m'mawa wa Meyi 25, pamene chidwi chafika pachilumba cha Jan-Maten, adagwidwa ndi mabotolo awiri aboma ndi mardone. Ndipo adayamba ku Jahena. Zochitika pambuyo pa kutsatizana wina ndi mnzake, ndipo ufupi ndi usiku uliwonse sunabweretse zombo ndi zombo kuti zithandizire mpumulo waukulu. Zovuta kwambiri za PQ-16 zinakhala tsiku la Meyi 27 - lomwe linasintha tsoka la "Bolshevik wakale" ndi gulu lake.
Kufuna kwa mayendedwe a FEte Soviet kunali mchira wadongosolo, chifukwa chake adazunzidwa kwambiri ndi ndege za ku Germany. Mpaka nthawi yovuta kwambiri, idasungidwa ndi mfuti yowonda yopanda mfuti ndi mfuti zamakina, komanso kuyendetsa bwino komanso molondola. Chombocho chidaperekedwa kuchokera kwa "Jun" kulowera pa iye, ndi woyenera kuchitika m'mwezi wa Captater Boris Akazelka. Zinali zoyesayesa za "Bolsavik wakale" katatu adakwanitsa kuyenda pansi kwambiri, kutayikidwa ndi gulu la mdani.
Komabe, ngakhale atayenetsa bwanji mayendedwe, ngakhale atayimitsa moto wotani panjira youkira ndege, imodzi mwazinthu zinayi zowukira zidatha ndi kupambana kwa a Nazi. Nthawi yomweyo, "Bolshevik wakale" anaukira ndege zisanu ndi zinayi, ndipo m'modzi wa iwo anakwanitsa kufika mu semi-bug ya chotengera, nthawi yomweyo asanakhazikike. Kuphulika kunapha kuwerengera kwa mfuti ya anti-antior, ndipo ilokha idagawika; Chifuwa chophulika komanso chopondera cha wamkulu komanso mlatho wa woyang'anira, wodabwitsa wa Ivan Afachav.
Koma chinthu choyipa kwambiri ndikuti bomba lomwelo lidapangitsa moto mu Trima, komwe zidapompo zidapezeka. Pofuna kuteteza kuphulika kwaposachedwa, Boris Akazeneok ndi Wophunzitsa Woyambirira ku Paticia, Bolshevik Yakale (adatengako gawo la Balshevik kumalo otetezeka.
Kuzindikira kuti moto ulume pa bolshevik wakale, ndipo ine ndimaganiza bwino, katundu wa zonyamula, lamulo la prviey pq-16 odzipereka kuti achoke mkhola iliyonse kuti aphulike. Wowononga Chingerezi wafika kale kuti atenge gulu la Russia, kenako nkumira chotenthetsera: panali zochitika wamba. Koma ogwira ntchito a "Bolshevik akale" adayankha chigamulochi ku mawu amodzi: "Sitikwirikira sitimayo." Ndipo pomwepo anathandizira, naponyerabe mosalekeza kwa ndegeyo, anapitilira, ndipo mayendedwe owondayo anakhalabe amodzimodzi ndi nyanja yozizira ndi lawi loyaka.
Maola asanu ndi atatu gulu la "Bolshevik akale" adamenyera chipulumutso cha sitima yake - ndipo kenako adapambana! Moto udatha kuzimitsa, pulasitalayo adayikidwa m'mabowo, ndipo mayendedwe ake adasamukira. Anamugwira tsiku lotsatira, pomwe palibe amene amangofuna kubwerera kwake. Kuwona momwe kuvulazidwa, ndi chitsanzo, m'gulu, m'botolo wowotchetsera, nkhalango yolimbayo idalamula kuti alere " . Pa mkuntho pamalingaliro, chilankhulo cha zizindikiro zamadzi chimatanthawuza kusilira gulu la sitimayo, lomwe limayankhidwa ku mawuwa.
Madzulo a Meyi 30, pomwe gawo lalikulu la PQ-16 litalowa ku Kola Bay, yomwe imasuta Bolshevik yogwira ntchito "yomwe idakumana ndi rolshevik yakale" yomwe idakumana ndi yopereka zojambulazo zitayima pa zombo zowukira. Woyang'anira wamkulu adapita ku Telegram yotsatirayi ku Buku la Bottle kuti: "Ndiloleni ndikupatseni chidwi changa, kusilira kwathunthu kwa mkuluyo ndi oyendetsa bongo onse a Bolshevik" a Bolshevik "anu. Kotero anthu aku Russia okha ndi omwe angachite. " Ndipo posakhalitsa, telegalamu yatsopano idalamulira ku Soviet Navisey - kuchokera ku Assurety Altral: "M'malo mwa Navi Royal, ndikufuna kuthokoza kwambiri zombo zako za kulangidwa kokongola, kulimba mtima ndi kutsimikiza, komwe kumawonetsedwa pankhondo ya Masiku asanu ndi limodzi. Khalidwe la gulu la "Bolshevik" linali lalikulu. "
Mu Soviet Union, woyendetsa ndege wakale wa "Bolshevik wakale" sanali wocheperako. Captain Lesovoz Ivan Afan Petrovsky ndi Rurie Boris Akazeenok Akazeenok Akazenok Akazenok Juni oyendetsa miliodi anayi).
"Bolshevik" yemweyo adapatsidwanso - lipoti la Lenin: Chithunzi chake chayamba kukongoletsa mbendera ya chotengera. Mu June 1942, njira yokalamba ya Bolshevik mu June 1942, gawo la plandori lotsatira lidapita ku England, komwe adapita ku Pacific Ocean ndipo mpaka pano, kumapitilira Chitani nawo ntchito yankhondo ku United States. Sitimayi idasungidwa muntchito mpaka 1969, mpaka zaka sizinatengepo zawo.