Pafupifupi achinyamata 12 akuyembekezera wina akusewera makhadi, wina akuchezera moto. Chithunzichi chimatha kuwoneka pa Street iliyonse ya Niger m'zaka makumi atatu zapitazi. Mmodzi wa iwo, "Mbuye ya tiyi", amamwa chovala chachitsulo cha zitsulo pa makala otentha. Iye ali ndi udindo kwa tiyi wautali komanso wowawa wa tiyi wobiriwira wa gulu lake, machaputala. Anasonkhana pa izi.
Amuna apatsa dzina lawo ndipo nthawi zambiri amalemba pakhoma, komwe amabwera ndi makapu. Mayina nthawi zambiri amalankhula za ziyembekezo ndi zokhumba za anthu pokhudzana ndi tsogolo lawo - mwachitsanzo, "ndalama kash" [hoslyn] "anyamata a Brooklyn]. Amathanso kuyamika nawo - "anyamata apamwamba" [anyamata apamwamba a nyenyezi] - kapena kulankhula za zipembedzo zawo ("imani" [Vera]). Magulu ena - mwachitsanzo, "ass karate" [Karate Mphunzitsi] - amatchulidwa pambuyo poti amakonda. Mayina Ena Amakambirana Mavuto Awo: Chaputala chimodzi chimatchedwa "Mdr" wobwereza-agonapo], wina ndi mbiri yakale [Ntchito Zapadziko Lonse].
Mu 1990, gulu la ophunzira linayamba kusonkhana m'misewu, kutsutsa boma ndipo kusintha ndale. Posachedwa m'magulu adayamba kusinthana nkhani, malingaliro ndikukhazikitsa maulalo. Tiyi Clavung anali wowonjezera zachilengedwe. Kulimbikitsidwa pandale kunatha pang'onopang'ono kwazaka makumi atatu zotsatira, kudzipereka kutsutsa katenthedwe kamtima - kutsutsana ndi anthu omwe adatopa mdziko muno ndi chuma chofooka. Kusankha kusonkhana ndi ketulo mumsewu, osati m'nyumba ya m'nyumba, kumayimira thanzi la mtunduwo. Akuyembekezera mpaka nthunziyo, ndipo tsogolo lawo lidzayenda bwino.
"Achinyamata a ku Nigeria akuti" Zaman Kashin Wando ", omwe amatanthauza" atakhala mathalauza. " Mawuwa amaimira chimbudzi cha anthu pomwe tsogolo lake lidayimitsidwa. Amakhala ndi chilankhulo chofananira kwambiri. "Kupha" kwenikweni kumatanthauza "kutopa," amatero "kuwonongeka," amatero " - Mawu awa amatanthauza kuti nthawi iliyonse mukakhala m'masiku ogalamuka, gawo la mathalauza limatha. Achinyamata amadzitcha kuti "Masu Kasin Wando" (omwe avala mathalauza) ndi mawu odzimvera. "
Zokhumba zawo ndizofala kwambiri: Pezani ntchito, kukwatiwa, yambani kuyamba. Chinthu chimodzi cholumikizidwa ndi wina - ukwati sichokayikitsa ngati mnyamatayo alibe chikwanire. Ntchito zikakhala zokwanira, njira yokhayo ndikudikirira. Asayansi amatcha nthawi yokwanira mpaka kukhwima ku Niger ndi malo ena, mwachitsanzo, ku India, kudikirira, kudikirira). Achinyamata osagwira ntchito sanayankhe kwathunthu. Ndipo mmalo momera, amatopa ndipo ali ndi nthawi yochepa, motero amapeza nthawi yopeza tiyi.
Chifukwa Chake BwanjiBuku la "Momwe Mabatani amabadwa" Pulofesa wa Everthelogy University Lizan a Barren Barren akufotokoza kuti nkhawa zonse sizili konse - palibe muyeso uliwonse - momwe mungadalire mantha, chisangalalo kapena chimwemwe. M'malo mwake, zimapangidwa ndi chikhalidwe chathu komanso chikhalidwe chathu, ndipo nthawi zina mawu omwe timagwiritsa ntchito powafotokozera.
Pali zosiyana zobisika zomwe chilankhulo chimathandizira kuti malingaliro a mtima. Chifukwa chake, liwu la Chifalansa yopanga zisudzo - Ennui - limagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupanda chidwi kwa kulenga, pomwe Germany - Kulumikizana kwa mawu oti "nthawi yayitali" - nthawi yake - kwenikweni. Zikuwoneka kuti mawu oti "tyeeale" adawonekera kwa zaka makumi angapo Chichewa "ndipo adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XIX. Ndipo izi ndi munthawi yake, chifukwa, malinga ndi olemba mbiri ena, sizinatengedwe kale - mwina m'lingaliro la momwe timadziwira. Kutopa, muyenera kukhala ndi chifukwa ndikutha kuwunika nthawi. Zonsezi sizinali zofunikira kwa kalasi yogwira ntchito. Nthawi zonse amakhala ndi ntchito ndipo kunalibe nkhawa zapadera chifukwa cha kufunika kosunga nthawi.
Mutu wa Dipatimenti Yachilombo ya Anthropology ya ku Australia National University Yasmin Musharbash akuti kusunguluza kudachokera kumadzulo. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti "kusungulumwa kwamakono" komwe kunachokera mu kusintha kwa mafakitale, pomwe kunayamba kukhala wofunika kwambiri kuti ayang'anire nthawiyo. M'nthawi ya sitimayo idayamba kuyenda. Mwadzidzidzi, pamene kutchuka kwa mayendedwe a anthu onse kunachulukana kwambiri, zinayamba kudziwa kuti ndi nthawi yanji yomwe muyenera kukhala. Ndipo ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale adayamba kubwera kudzachoka nthawiyo. Icho chinali chiyambi cha ntchito yolowa m'malo.
Mawotchi adakhala gawo lofunikira m'moyo wa anthu akumadzulo, ndikubweretsa nawo "nthawi yaulere", komanso mwayi pang'ono - ndalama ndi kulumikizana. Posakhalitsa anthu akumadzulo adadzitopetsa kenako adalekanitsa miyala yawo padziko lapansi.
Kuchiritsa KuyambiraMusharbash amaphunzira a Aborigini a Varlpiri, omwe amakhala ku Australia kuyambira 1994. Chaka chilichonse amawadzera kwakanthawi komanso zaka makumi angapo zapitazi awona kusintha momwe m'badwo wa varlpirpiri umayesedwe.
"Nthawi zambiri, ndikutanthauza kupita ku nyumba, chinthu choterocho, monga kusungula ngati. - Njonm ndi pamene mudakumana ndi nthawi. M'mbuyomu, izi sizingachitike. Chifukwa cha kusinthitsa kutchinga ndi momwe tsiku lakonzedwa - mafoni a sukulu, nthawi yogwira ntchito, - nthawi ikakhala malaya. " Kumangidwa kwa nthawi kumasokoneza varlpiri, ndipo m'badwo wam'ng'ono kamatengera kwambiri machitidwe a Australia aku Europe.
Pulofesa wa ku University of Western Australia Burlia Burchban akunena kuti kwa Aboriginal Aboriginal Aboriginal Aaboriginal ndi osavomerezeka. Anthu aku Europe ku Europeri amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kwambiri kuphunzitsa ana awo kuti agone pa nthawi yake, pomwe makolo, Aborijines satero.
"Kugona nthawi kumatiphunzitsa kuti tizigwira ntchito ndipo timachita zinthu zabwino," akutero ashratash. - Tikumvetsetsa kuti zinthu zina zimayenera kuchitika nthawi inayake. Uwu ndi phunziro lankhanza, koma iyi ndi njira yovomereza kuti nthawi yanu ndi. "
Musharbash akuti a Aborigines a Australia "oponderezedwa" nthawi. Komabe, kuti asakhale otopa, akuyesera kuchotsa kuponderezana uku. Aharbash anati: "Mukakhala kuno kuno, kunokuwa, kumadutsa nthawi. - Mukugona, kapena pitani kukasaka, kapena kuphika chakudya, kapena khalani pamoto ndikunena nkhani. Ndipo inu mukukamba za china chake, chokhala ndi malingaliro anzeru anzeru komanso osangalatsa, muli ndi nthawi yochepa pa izi. " Kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yaulere nthawi yaulere ngati simuda nkhawa kuti mukukalipira maola.
Monga momwe ziliri ku Europe isanafike ku Europe ya XIX isanachitike, sitikudziwa ngati kumverera kwa zovuta ku Varlpirpirk pamaso pa mawu awa. Komabe, kuchokera ku zomwe zachitika kwa Aasharbash, zikuwonekeratu kuti funsoli limakhala lotopetsa - ngati a Aborigines amadzimva kapena sakonda iye - ndizochepera kuposa moyo wa ku Europe. "Sikuti aliyense agona nthawi yomweyo, mumagona mukafuna kuyankhula, kenako ukambirane kapena kumva njala - palibe chomwe chikusonyeza kuti muyenera kuchita," akutero. - Anthu okhala ku West ndi ovuta kuganiza. "
Chinsinsi cha mtsogoloUfulu wochokera nthawi yomwe Musharbash ndi Maschelie akuwonera m'dera la Varlpirpiri ndi pakati pa anthu a ku Nigar, adawonedwanso m'matsenga ena osakwatiwa. Koma onsewa amagwirizanitsa mfundo yoti amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosayenera. Nthawi ikamasindikiza kwambiri, anthu, ngakhale atakhala kuti, anayamba kumupha, monga lamulo, zimachitika kwambiri, zimachitika kuti asharbash. Anthu omugwiritsa ntchito kuonera TV, chakudya kapena mowa, kutchova juga ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Ku Niger, kumakhulupirira kuti achinyamata ndiye chinsinsi cha tsogolo la mtunduwo. Malinga ndi Maschelieu, "ophunzira a Samile [ang'ono a Sager] makamaka amadzimva kuti akusowa ntchito, chifukwa anthu amaonedwa ngati otakamwa, ndipo maphunziro awo anali ofunika kwambiri kuposa alongo awo. Iye anati: "Moyo wa osagwira ntchito ndi wochepa, sipangakhale nthawi yaulere mmenemo, chifukwa nthawi siyisuntha konse," akutero.
Achinyamata a Niger, adawunika mascol, fotokozerani nthawi yomwe "kusawoneka bwino" kapena "kupha" kapena "kupha". Mawu oti Rashi, omwe timavotera ngati chakudya amatanthauza "zonyansa", monga ku Rashin Dadi, kapena "kusowa kwa chisangalalo / kukhutitsidwa". Mosungu wa Niger amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusowa. Ndipo nthawi yoti muphe nthawi modzicepetsa, ndiye kuti mukhale opindulitsa, muyenera kudzaza. Chifukwa chake, amamwa tiyi.
Mwana wina wachinyamata wina akufotokoza kuti: "Tiyiyo imadwalanso ngati kachilombo." "Tiyi ndiye mankhwala athu.
Mbuye ya tiyi, poyerekeza kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kumatsindika nthawi imeneyo kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthu chosavomerezeka, mwachitsanzo, podalira kumene Asarbash amatchulidwa. Kwa amuna awa, tiyi wakhala njira yobwezera nthawi yake. Nthawi yawo siilinso popanda cholinga, imakhala ndi chikhalidwe, mayanjano ndi zabwino.
Maschelie akuti tiyi kumwa amatenga amuna achichepere masiku ano. Njira yopuma ikulimbana ndi ma alarm awiri. Mbali imodzi, ali ndi kena kodikirira - tiyi wopangidwa wokonzeka. Kumbali ina, amatha kudzitengera okha ndi chidwi. Mutha kuponya thumba la tiyi mu chikho ndi brew tiyi nokha - koma kuti chisangalalo pano ndi chiyani?
Kuyembekezera tiyi, limodzi ndi masewera m'makhadi kapena m'mbuyo, "akukhala ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizika omwe amatsutsana ndi mphamvu yokoka yosungulumwa," akulemba. Amayang'ana pa chinthu chaching'ono, osati cholinga chokwanira nthawi yayitali.
Ambuye a tiyi akuwonetsa kuti kukhala ndi zokhumba zazikulu ndizabwinobwino, koma kupirira ndi kusungulumwa, ndikwabwino kukhala zenizeni ndikusangalala ndi zomwe zikubwera posachedwa.